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Question 1:

Topic 7.1 – Diet

Which process provides an organism with the raw materials needed for tissue repair?
(A) excretion
(B) growth
(C) nutrition
(D) respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 2:

Topic 1.3 – Features of organisms

Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?
(A)  a genus
(B)  a kingdom
(C)  a species
(D)  an organ system

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 3:

Topic 2.1 – Cell structure

Root hair cells are found on plant roots.
Which feature is present in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?
(A)  cell membrane
(B)  cell wall
(C)  chloroplasts
(D)  cytoplasm

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 4:

Topic 2.1 – Cell structure

What is an example of a tissue?
(A)  a chloroplast
(B)  the palisade mesophyll
(C)  a neurone
(D)  the pancreas

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 5:

Topic 3.3 – Active transport

Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.
1  glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2  nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair cells
3  water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf
For which examples must oxygen be present?
(A)  1, 2 and 3

(B)  1 and 2 only

(C)  1 and 3 only

(D)  2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 6:

Topic 3.1 – Diffusion

In which diagram would most oxygen molecules diffuse across the membrane per minute?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 7:

Topic 5.1 – Enzymes

The list shows some statements about enzymes.
1  They all contain the element nitrogen.
2  They are proteins.
3  They can be denatured by cold temperatures.
4  Their specificity is due to the complementary shapes of the active site and the substrate.
Which statements are correct?
(A)  1, 2 and 3

(B)  1, 2 and 4

(C)  2 and 4 only

(D)  3 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 8:

Topic 17.1 – Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct?
(A)  DNA contains six types of base.
(B)  DNA contains three strands coiled to form a helix.
(C)  DNA is made of a chain of amino acids.
(D)  DNA has two strands with cross-links between pairs of bases.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 9:

Topic 7.1 – Diet

A doctor tested the urine of four patients for both glucose and protein. The colours of the urine samples after testing are shown in the table.
Which patient’s urine contained both protein and glucose?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 10:

Topic 7.4 – Chemical digestion

The equation shows the digestion of protein to amino acids.

In the equation, what is protease?
(A)  a catalyst
(B)  a product
(C)  a solvent
(D)  a substrate

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 11:

Topic 6.1 – Photosynthesis

The graph shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What are the limiting factors at X and Y?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 12:

Topic 6.1 – Photosynthesis

The substances listed are found in the leaf of a plant.
Which substance is obtained from the soil?
(A)  carbon dioxide
(B)  chlorophyll
(C)  glucose
(D)  mineral ions

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 13:

Topic 3.2 – Osmosis

The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine.
What is the immediate effect of this on the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries, and on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 14:

Topic 7.4 – Chemical digestion

The graph shows the concentration of maltose in different parts of the alimentary canal.

What causes the change in concentration at X?
(A)  absorption of maltose
(B)  action of amylase
(C)  action of maltase
(D)  assimilation of maltose

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 15:

Topic 8.2 – Water uptake

The diagram shows a bean seedling soon after it has germinated.
Where is most water absorbed?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 16:

Topic 8.4 – Translocation

Scientists investigate the movement of substances in a plant.
They cut a ring of tissue from the stem.
Removing the tissue removes some of the transport vessels found around the edge of the stem.
A few days later they notice swelling above the area where the tissue has been removed.

What causes the swelling?
(A)  Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the sink.
(B)  Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the source.
(C)  Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the sink.
(D)  Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the source.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 17:

Topic 9.2 – Heart

The diagram shows the outside of a human heart.
Which structure is a coronary artery?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 18:

Topic 9.1 – Circulatory systems

The diagrams represent blood flow in the circulatory systems of fish and humans.

In the fish circulation and the human circulation, where is the oxygen concentration highest?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 19:

Topic 10.1 – Diseases and immunity

Campylobacter is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning.
Which word describes Campylobacter?
(A)  antibody
(B)  disease
(C)  pathogen
(D)  symptom

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 20:

Topic 11.1 – Gas exchange

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?
(A)  0.04%

(B)  4%

(C)  16%

(D)  21%

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 21:

Topic 12.1 – Respiration

Which actions use energy released from respiration?

1  muscle contraction
2  protein synthesis
3  cell division
4  transmitting nerve impulses
(A)  1, 2, 3 and 4
(B)  1, 2 and 4 only
(C)  2 and 3 only
(D)  3 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 22:

Topic 12.3 – Anaerobic respiration

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
(A)  glucose + oxygen → lactic acid
(B)  glucose → carbon dioxide
(C)  glucose + carbon dioxide → alcohol
(D)  glucose → lactic acid

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 23:

Topic 13.1 – Excretion in humans

Which statement about the formation of urea is correct?
(A)  Urea is formed in the kidneys from excess amino acids.
(B)  Urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids.
(C)  Urea is formed in the kidneys from excess fatty acids.
(D)  Urea is formed in the liver from excess fatty acids.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 24:

Topic 14.4 – Homeostasis

What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?
(A)  Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
(B)  Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
(C)  Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
(D)  Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 25:

Topic 14.3 – Hormones

Which endocrine gland secretes insulin?
(A)  adrenal
(B)  ovary
(C)  pancreas
(D)  testis

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 26:

Topic 6.1 – Photosynthesis

Which factors affect the growth of plants?
(A)  gravity and light only
(B)  gravity, light and temperature
(C)  gravity and temperature only
(D)  light and temperature only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 27:

Topic 7.1 – Diet

The table shows the recommended daily amounts (RDA) of some nutrients for a person with special dietary requirements, and their actual intake of those nutrients.

What would the person be at risk of developing if they continued with the same daily intake of these nutrients?
(A)  constipation
(B)  coronary heart disease
(C)  obesity
(D)  scurvy

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 28:

Topic 16.3 – Sexual reproduction in plants

What are advantages of using sexual reproduction to produce crop plants?
1  It produces genetic variation to help breed new varieties of crop plant.
2  It ensures that crops have the identical characteristics.
3  It quickly produces many identical copies of a plant.
(A)  1, 2 and 3

(B)  1 and 2 only

(C)  1 only

(D)  2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 29:

Topic 16.5 – Sex hormones in humans

Where is the hormone progesterone produced?

1 ovaries
2 placenta
3 uterus
(A)  1 only

(B)  1 and 2 only

(C)  2 and 3 only

(D)  1, 2 and 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 30:

Topic 17.2 – Mitosis

Which row correctly describes mitosis?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 31:

Topic 19.1 – Energy flow

The diagram shows the flow of energy through a food chain.

Which row correctly labels this energy flow diagram?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 32:

Topic 17.4 – Monohybrid inheritance

A man and a woman have four children. The diagram shows the blood groups of the children.

What are the possible genotypes of the father and mother?
(A)  $ I^{A}I^{A}$  and $I^{B}I^{O}$

(B) $ I^{A}I^{B}$  and $I^{O}I^{O}$

(C) $ I^{A}I^{O}$  and $I^{B}I^{B}$

(D) $ I^{A}I^{O}$  and $I^{B}I^{O}$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 33:

Topic 18.2 – Adaptive features

How do the leaves of hydrophytes differ from those of xerophytes?
(A)  more hairs on the surface of the leaves
(B)  smaller total surface area
(C)  stomata on the undersides of the leaves
(D)  thinner cuticle

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 34:

Topic 18.3 – Selection

Broccoli and cauliflower are crop plants that have been produced from a common wild plant.
Which process would be used to produce the broccoli and cauliflower plants from wild plants?
(A)  artificial selection
(B)  competition
(C)  evolution
(D)  natural selection

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:  A

Question 35:

Topic 19.3 – Nutrient cycles

The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Which process in the cycle is performed by bacterium X?
(A)  decomposition
(B)  nitrification
(C)  nitrogen fixation
(D)  denitrification

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 36:

Topic 21.2 – Biotechnology

The graph shows changes in the population size of a microorganism growing in a fermenter.
What is the exponential phase?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 37:

Topic 21.3 – Genetic modification

Bacteria are useful in genetic engineering because they possess plasmids.
Which statement describes the importance of a plasmid?
(A)  It is a circle of DNA and human genes can be inserted into it.
(B)  It is the nucleus of the bacterium and human genes can be inserted into it.
(C)  It can be destroyed and replaced with human insulin.
(D) It is a circle of DNA and human insulin can be inserted into it.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 38:

Topic 21.3 – Genetic modification

Which statement is correct?
(A)  DNA ligase is used to cut DNA.
(B)  DNA ligase is used to make proteins.
(C)  Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA.
(D)  Restriction enzymes are used to make proteins.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 39:

Topic 20.1 – Food supply

What can reduce the occurrence of famine?
(A)  increasing population size
(B)  long periods of drought
(C)  poverty
(D)  equal distribution of food

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 40:

Topic 20.2 – Habitat destruction

What is a consequence of deforestation?
(A)  flooding due to reduced transpiration by trees
(B)  increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere due to increased photosynthesis
(C)  reduced carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere due to increased decomposition of dead trees
(D)  reduced oxygen concentration in the atmosphere due to reduced respiration of trees

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

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