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Question 1

Topic: 1.1

Students find a small organism in a pond. They catch it and put it into a large jar of water. They see that the organism swims away from light. It lays some eggs before it is put back into the pond.

Which characteristics of living things did the students see in this organism?

A) excretion, growth and respiration
B) growth, nutrition and sensitivity
C) movement, reproduction and sensitivity
D) movement, reproduction and respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 2

Topic: 1.2

Which description of a species is correct?

A)  a group of organisms living at the same time
B)  a group of organisms living in the same area
C)  a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
D)  a group of organisms that have adaptive features

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 3

Topic: 1.3

The table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from a woodland and the groups to which they belong.

How many of the animals, in total, are arthropods with six or eight legs?

A) 15
B) 88
C) 90
D) 98

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 4 

Topic: 1.3

Some vertebrates have body hair.

Which group do these vertebrates belong to?

A) amphibian
B) bird
C) mammal
D) reptile

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 5

Topic: 6.2

The diagram shows two guard cells from a leaf.
Which labelled part would also be found in sperm cells?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 6

Topic: 8.1

The photograph shows part of a cross-section of a root.

The root hair and the xylem are part of the same

A) cell and organism.
B) cell and tissue.
C) organ and organism.
D) tissue and organ.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 7

Topic: 2.2

Which formula is correct for calculations involving image size, actual size and magnification?

A) actual size = image size × magnification
B) image size = magnification × actual size
C) magnification = actual size ÷ image size
D) magnification = image size × actual size

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 8 

Topic: 3.1

Which statements about diffusion are correct?

  1. Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a higher to a lower concentration.
  2. Diffusion is the net movement of particles only across cell membranes.
  3. Diffusion requires energy from respiration.

A) 1, 2 and 3
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 only
D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 9

Topic: 3.2

What is the name of the process in which water moves through a partially permeable membrane?

A) active transport
B) evaporation
C) osmosis
D) transpiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 10

Topic: 4.1

A sample of food is tested with different chemical substances.
The table shows the results.

Which nutrients does the sample of food contain?

A) protein and vitamin C
B) protein only
C) starch and reducing sugar
D) starch and vitamin C

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 11

Topic: 7.4

The diagram shows an experiment on the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease.
The protease was taken from a human stomach.
In which test-tube will protein be digested most quickly?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 12

Topic: 5.1

The diagram represents the shape of an enzyme molecule.

With which substrate would this enzyme most easily form an enzyme–substrate complex?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

 

Question 13

Topic: 6.1

The diagram shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis.

What is the most abundant gas present at the top of the tube at the end of the experiment?

A) carbon dioxide
B) methane
C) water vapour
D) oxygen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 14

Topic: 6.1

The graph shows how the percentage of protein found in potatoes was affected by the concentration of nitrate fertiliser added to the crop when it was growing.

Using the information in the graph, which molecule do the potatoes make more of when the concentration of nitrate fertiliser increases?

A) amino acids
B) cellulose
C) fat
D) starch

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 15

Topic: 7.1

Which food would add more fibre as part of a balanced diet?

A) black beans
B) cheese
C) eggs
D) tuna fish

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 16

Topic: 7.2

The diagram shows the human digestive system.
Which letter represents the rectum?

▶️Answer/Explanation 

Ans: C

Question 17

Topic: 7.2

The bacterium Salmonella enterica can cause severe food poisoning, and the lining of the alimentary canal may be damaged. This damage affects the absorption of digested food.
Which region of the alimentary canal is most affected by this type of food poisoning?

A) colon
B) ileum
C) oesophagus
D) stomach

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 18

Topic: 7.5

In which part of the alimentary canal is the most water absorbed?

A) colon
B) rectum
C) small intestine
D) stomach

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 19

Topic: 8.2

The diagram shows the pathway of water molecules through a leaf and out to the environment.

mesophyll cell → process X → air space → process Y → stomata

Which statements are correct?

  1. Process X is active transport.
  2. Process X is evaporation.
  3. Process Y is diffusion.
  4. Process Y is osmosis.

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 20

Topic: 9.3

The diagram shows blood vessels entering and leaving some organs in the human body.

Which row identifies the pulmonary artery and the renal vein?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

 

Question 21

Topic: 9.4

When a pathogen enters the blood, the number of white blood cells increases.

Some possible reasons why this happens are listed. 

  1. It increases the number of antibodies.
  2. It increases the transport of oxygen.
  3. It increases phagocytosis.
  4. It increases the number of platelets.

Which reasons are correct?

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3 
D) 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 22

Topic: 10.1

The graph shows how waste is disposed of in three cities.

Which statement describes waste disposal in all of the three cities?

A) Burning is the second most common form of waste disposal.
B) Landfill is the main form of waste disposal.
C) More waste is burnt than recycled.
D) Recycling and burning together are the main forms of waste disposal.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 23

Topic: 11.1

Which structure connects directly to the alveoli?

A) bronchus
B) bronchiole
C) larynx
D) trachea

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 24

Topic: 12.2

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A) glucose + carbon dioxide → oxygen + water
B) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C) water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen
D) water + oxygen → glucose + carbon dioxide

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 25

Topic: 14.3

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?

A) adrenaline
B) insulin
C) oestrogen
D) testosterone

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 26

Topic: 14.5

What is an example of phototropism?

A) a chemical produced by a plant
B) a painful sensation in response to a stimulus
C) the growth of a plant root towards the centre of the Earth
D) the growth of a plant shoot towards light

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 27

Topic: 15.1

The graph shows changes in the resistance of the bacterium Escherichia coli to two different antibiotics between 2005 and 2023.

Which statement describes the changes that occurred between 2005 and 2023?

A) Between 2010 and 2015, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 increased by 6%.
B) Between 2011 and 2016, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 1 continually increased.
C) Between 2016 and 2023, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 continually decreased.
D) Between 2020 and 2022, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 decreased.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 28

Topic: 16.4

The nuclei of which two structures fuse during fertilisation?

A) two eggs
B) two embryos
C) two gametes
D) two zygotes

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 29

Topic: 16.3

Which statements about sexual reproduction in plants are correct?

  1. Anthers in wind-pollinated flowers are inside the flower.
  2. Pollen grains in insect-pollinated flowers are large and sticky.
  3. The stigma in insect-pollinated flowers is outside the flower.

A) 1 and 2 
B) 1 only
C) 2 only
D) 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 30

Topic: 16.2

Which structure is found in both animals and plants?

A) cornea
B) ovary
C) sepal
D) stamen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 31

Topic: 16.4

Which sex chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?

A) both X and Y chromosomes
B) either X or Y chromosomes
C) only X chromosomes
D) only Y chromosomes

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 32

Topic: 17.1

What are alleles made of?

A) amino acids
B) DNA
C) genes
D) protein

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 33

Topic: 17.4

The graph shows the percentage of a population with different phenotypes for the same characteristic.

Which characteristic in humans is represented by X?

A) ABO blood groups
B) arm length
C) height
D) mass

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 34

Topic: 19.2

Energy transfers in an ecosystem are listed.

Which transfers are correct?

A) 1,2 and 3
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 35

Topic: 19.2

Which diagram shows the correct order in a food chain?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 36

Topic: 6.1

Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A) combustion
B) decomposition
C) photosynthesis
D) respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 37

Topic: 19.4

The graph shows how the population of the world has increased over time.

Which growth curve phase is represented by region P?

A) death phase
B) exponential (log) phase
C) lag phase
D) stationary phase

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 38

Topic: 20.1

How do herbicides help to increase food production?

A) by increasing biodiversity
B) by killing insect pests
C) by providing nutrients
D) by reducing competition

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 39

Topic: 21.2

Which product of anaerobic respiration in yeast is used as a biofuel?

A) carbon dioxide
B) ethanol
C) glucose
D) oxygen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 40

Topic: 21.1

Which statement describes genetic modification?

A) changing the genetic material of an organism
B) changing the genetic material of plants only
C) producing new organisms through fertilisation
D) selective breeding of organisms

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

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