CBSE Class 12 Physical Education –Chapter 1 Planning in Sports- Study Materials

CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports


1 Mark Questions

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (1 MARKS EACH)
Q1. What is knock-out tournament?
Ans. In knock-out tournament a team gets eliminated at the very first defeat. Only winning teams keep on continuing.


Q2. Explain league tournament?
Ans. In this system of tournament each team plays with the rest of the teams once if the tournament is single league. In double league every team plays twice with the rest of the teams.


Q3. What is ‘Bye’?
Ans. It is a privilege given to a team to play directly in the second round. While drawing fixtures on knock-out basis if the no. of participating teams is not being the power of two i.e., – 22, 23, 24 …. and are odd in numbers. i.e., 5, 7, 9, 11, 12 ………., then bye has to be given to a specific no. of teams/players. A team which is given ‘Bye’ will not play in the first round.


Q4. Define Intramurals?
Ans. Intramurals = Intra + Murals = Inside + wall within i.e., an activity performed within the walls i.e. within an institution/school/college is called intramurals.


Q5. Define extramurals?
Ans. Extramurals = Extra + Murals = Outside + wall. Extramurals means outside the walls or the campus i.e. when more schools or institutions join together to organise/to participate a competition. It is also known as Extramurals competition.


Q6. What is health run?
Ans. It is organised by sports or health department to raise funds for charity and spread awareness about health and fitness. People of any age can take part in it.


Q7. What is run for Fun?
Ans. It is organised to spread awareness about health and fitness. There is fun and frolic and no competition.



3 Mark Questions

Q1. Write the advantages & disadvantages of knock-out tournaments.
Ans. Advantages of Knock-out Tournaments
1. Knock-out tournaments are less expensive.
2. It helps in developing the standard of the game, as each team tries to perform at their best to avoid defeat.
3. Within shortest possible time, tournament can be finished.
4. No. of officials required also get reduced to organise such tournaments
Disadvantages of Knock-out Tournaments
1. There are chances of even good enough teams getting eliminated in Ist and IInd round itself.
2. There are chances of weak teams making it to final stages.
3. Viewers interest in the final match may get reduced.
*What is the league tournament ? Write its type of league tournament.
Explain its advantages & distances of league tournaments


Q2. Define league. Explain its types. Write its advantage & disadvantage of league tournament?
Ans. League or Round Robin Tournament
In this system, each team plays with the rest of the teams once if the tournament is single league. In case of double league every team plays with the rest of the team twice. Victory or defeat does not matter.
Type of League Tournaments
1. Single League Tournament
2. Double League Tournament
Formula for no. of matches in single league  (N stands for no. of participating teams) E.g. For 12 Teams
·
For Double league Tournament
N(N-1)
Eg. 8(8-1) = 8 × 7 = 56
Advantages of League Tournament
1. Only the strong teams will win.
2. Teams will get enough opportunity to show their performance.
3. Games and sports get more opportunity of publicity.
4. Officials find it easy to choose a team.
5. A team does not have to defeat the other team to play next match.
6. There are no. of opportunity to improve one’s own game and performance.
7. Viewers get enough opportunity to see a no. of games.
Disadvantages of League Tournament
1. It takes more time.
2. It is more expensive.
3. Much bigger arrangement has to be made.
4. Repeated defeat demoralise the team and reduces recreation of the spectators.


Q3. Write the procedure of fixtures in league tournaments?
Ans. Procedure of Fixtures in League Tournaments
1. Cyclic Method
2. Staircase Method
3. Tabular Method
1. Cyclic Method
A fixture of 4 teams
N = 4
Total no. of matches

No of rounds = (N-1) = 4-1 = 3
  
2. Stair Case Method
6 team
.
3. Tabular Method


Q4. What are the objectives of Extramurals ?
Ans. 1. To improve the standard of sports – By taking part in extra murals the students get gradually more and more technically and tactically equipped.
2. Provides experience to students – Extramurals give many opportunities to students to take part in different tournaments and gain experience.
3. To develop sportsmanship – All the players play together, eat together, live together, it develops the sportsmanship among the players.
4. To provide the knowledge of new rules and regulations and advanced techniques- Through extra murals players get extra knowledge about related activities by meeting new teams and players.


Q5. Define Tournament? Write the types of tournaments?
Ans. A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a sport or game.
Types of Tournaments
1. Knock-out Tournament
2. League or Round Robin Tournament
3. Combination Tournament
4. Challenge Tournament



5 Marks Questions

Q1. Explain the principles of Intramurals.
Ans. Local Circumstances
1. It means the favourite games of the school and the area in which the school is located. Availability of play ground and other facilities. Which are suitable for activities & students.
2. Good quality sports equipments and facilities
In order to organise intramurals the sports equipments should be very high quality to avoid the injuries.
3. Interest
The selection of activities should be on the basis of the interest of the students so that the students can enjoy it and it will increase the number of participation in the intramurals.
To maintain the interest, activities should be selected on the basisof students, facilities & society.
4. Budget
Organising intramurals is based on the budget of the school. In case there is sufficient budget it can be organized on a large scale other wise we can organise it within the budget.
5. Time & climatic condition
It is also a very important factor. It should be organized in evening or in the holidays so that the teaching classes are not disturbed.
6. Mass participation
In such competitions winning should not be over emphasized because mass participation is more important. We should see that every student take part and enjoy the sports activities.
7. Medical examination
Medical examination of all the participants should be compulsory. Students having serious health problem an injury should be prevented from participating.
Classification of students
On the basis of age, sex, ability, weight, height and strengths of class, students should be classified to maintain the interest in the tournament.


Q2. Explain the objectives of planning.
Ans. There are various objectives of planning which are-
1. To reduce unnecessary pressure of immediacy – In hurry a work can not be performed efficiently and smoothly. So to reduce the pressure of immediacy or urgency are the main objective of planning.
2. To keep control over all the activities – Planning helps is keeping good control in organizing a tournament as planning and control are connected with each other.
3. To facilitate proper Co-ordination – This objective of planning is related to facilitate proper coordination among the various members of committees, formed for to organise the competition.
4. To reduce the chances of mistake – A proper planning reduces the chances of mistake and oversights. Planning help to do work in systematic way.
5. To increase the efficiency – With a help of a proper planning the sports officials become more efficient. They perform their duties efficiently and effectively because planning provide chance to study their work.
6. To increase the creativity – To increase the creativity is another significant objective of planning. As a matter of fact, a proper planning increases the creativity among the officials, coaches and physical education teachers. In fact planning helps innovative and creative thinking because many new ideas come to the mind of officials when they make on a plan.
7. To enhance the sports performance – Without proper planning it is not possible to improve the performance of a sports person. In fact, training of sports activity of players are useless if it is not well planned.


Q3. Write the meaning of Intramural & write its principles.
Ans. The word ‘intramural’ means the activity performed within the walls i.e. within the campus of an institute. Such activities are basically organized by school, colleges or other institutes for their students only. Students enjoy such activities the most.
Principles of Intramural
1. Interest – Activities should be of the interest of students & related society.
2. Facilities & Infrastructure available like playgrounds, equipments, gymnazium.
3. Cooperation & necessary help that can be expected from the colleagues for the smooth conduct of game.
4. Budgets – Sufficient budget should be there for its successful organisation.
5. Time – Availability of time & students for conducting the events.
6. Winning – Focus should be on mass participation not on winning or Loosing.
7. Medical Examination – Medical examination for all the participants should be compulsory to avoid injuries.
8. Classification of students – On the basis of age, ability, weight, or class, sex, students should be classified.
9. Geographical & climatic condition should be taken into consideration.


Q4. Define extramurals. Writes its objectives & principles.
Ans. Here extra means outside and murals means walls i.e. outside the wall or campus. When one more school or institution joins together to organize the games or sports is called extramural activity. It is also known as interschool competition.
Objectives of Extramurals
1. To improve the standard of sports
2. To provide opportunities to show their skills in various sports activities.
3. To develop experience to students
4. To broadens the base of the sports
5. To provide the knowledge of new rules and regulations and advanced techniques.
6. To develop sportsmanship and fraternity.
Principles of Extramurals
1. Willing Participation – Students Should not be forced to participate.
2. Medical Examination Prior to Participation – Medical examination should be compulsory for all the participants.
3. Arrangement of efficient officials – efficient officials should be arranged well in advanced for smooth organisation.
4. Extramural programmes should be fixed according to the convenience of the players.
5. Winning should not be over emphasized.
6. Good Quality of sports Equipments should be used.


Q5. Explain the meaning of specific sports programme? Write its contribution for society.
Ans. Specific sports programs are those programs of sports which are often not related to the competition. These programs are designed with multiple objectives with their focus on the well being of an individual. ‘The aims of programme is to create awareness among the common people regarding unity & integrity, prevention & protection against various diseases’ etc.
Specific Sports Programmes
(i) Sports Day
Sports day is organised in the school once in the year so that the all round development of children could be done. Various physical and recreation activities are conducted on sports day. It is organised by almost each and every school. On sports day every child gets ample opportunities to take part in activity of their choice. Due to these days most of students get experience as organiser as well as administrator. Sports day also provide opportunity to select talent for future.
(ii) Health Run
These programmes are organised by health and sports department to raise the standards of health and also to raise funds for charity. Registration of participants is done in advance and day & time is fixed. There is no age bar. People of any age can take part. There is no competition. These provide significant health benefits. But pre cautionary measures must be taken before participating i.e.: proper sports kit, Health status of individual.
(iii) Run for Fun
This is to create awareness among people to keep fit and healthy. There is fun and frolic while on the run there is no competition. It is commonly organized for arranging funds for charity. It can be perform it in different customs, different age group, children like adults, teenage etc.
Run for Unity
This is to inculcate peace and harmony among the people of different religion or faith. Its purpose may be either National or International brotherhood. Many people from corporate world, film stars and marathon racers from abroad take part. First three position holders get cash awards. It can either be a long distance race or a relay. In relay race, every participant runs a specific distance and gives opportunity to the teammate to participate. So, these runs bring sense of togetherness among people.
Run for Awareness
Run for awareness is organised to make the masses aware of present problems or any health problem of serious nature like AIDS, SWINE FLU etc. Such ‘RUNS’ lay stress to remove or prevent the deadly diseases. Its purpose it to raise funds for charity. Participants get a T-shirt after finishing the run. First three position holders get prize. There are different age wise categories.


Q6. Prepare the fixture in knock out & league tournaments.
Ans. Important Points of Knock-out Tournaments
1. Number of all teams taking part.
2. Number of total byes.
3. The number of total teams in each half or quarter.
4. The number of byes in each half or quarter.
5. Number of total rounds.
6. Total no. of matches = Total no. of teams-1.
Method of preparing fixture in Knock-out Tournament
Total no. of matches to be played, can be easily calculated by subtracting 1 (one) from total no. of participating teams i.e. If there are 12 teams (12-1 = 11) i.e. 11 matches will be organised.
Team can be easily divided into 2 halves if the total no. of teams is power of 2 i.e.- 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128. etc.
If the no. of teams, is different from the above pattern i.e.- 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, etc. byes will have to given. Bye is a dummy team that does not play in the first round.
Formula to give bye 
Example I – Total no. of teams = 7, total no. of matches = no. of team-1
Next higher no. which is power of 2 = 8
So, the no. of bye will be = 8-7 = 1 [higher power of 2 – no. of teams)
To divide the teams in two halves

 
Upper half

Lower half

Example II
Total No. of teams (N) = 11
Upper half

Lower half

No. of byes to be given-
Total no. of teams i.e. 11 is subtracted from net power of 2 no. i.e. = 16
= 16 – 11 = 5 (5 byes will be given)
Method of fixing byes
FIXTURE

Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports

1 Mark Questions

Question 1.
What is planning in games and sports?
OR
What do you mean by planning in sports?
Answer:
Planning is a process of development of a strategy to achieve desired objectives, to solve problems and to facilitate action. With the help of appropriate planning in the field of games and sports, even some hitherto unachievable tasks can be achieved.

Question 2.
List the various types of tournaments.
Answer:
Various types of tournaments are

  • Knock-out or Elimination tournament
  • League or Round Robin tournament
  • Combination tournament
  • Challenge tournament

Question 3.
Define knock-out tournament.
OR
What are knock-out tournaments?
Answer:
This type of tournament is also known as elimination tournament. In this type of tournament, loser of each bracket is immediately eliminated from the tournament.

Question 4.
Round Robin tournament is of two types. Name them and give one major difference between them. (All India 2017)
Answer:
There are two types of league or round robin tournaments
(i) Single League Tournament In single league, every team plays with every other team once.
Number of matches =N(N1)2
(N = number of teams)
(ii) Double League Tournament In double league, every team plays with every other team twice.
Number of matches =N(N-1) (N = number of teams)

Question 5.
What do you mean by consolation tournament?
Answer:
Consolation tournament are those tournaments in which an additional chance is given to the defeated team

Question 6.
What is seeding? (CBSE 2013,11)
Answer:
Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a way that stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of a tournament. In seeding, the strong teams are selected to keep them at appropriate places in the fixtures so that they should not meet in the earlier rounds.

Question 7.
What is bye? (All India 2016,14)
Answer:
Bye is a privilege given to a team which is decided generally by seeding it or by draw of lots.

Question 8.
Explain procedure for giving bye. (CBSE 2013,12)
Answer:
Byes can be applied equally to single person competitions and team sports as well as to single-game eliminations and best of series eliminations. If the number of competitors or competing teams are not a multiple of 2 then some teams may get ‘bye.’

Question 9.
Write formula for giving bye. (All India 2016)
Answer:
Formula for giving bye
= Next power of 2-No. of Teams
Upper Half =nb12
Lower Half =nb+12

Question 10.
What do you mean by league tournament?
OR
What is league tournament?
Answer:
A league tournament is also known as round robin tournament. In this type of tournament, each contestant meets all other contestants in turn.

Question 11.
Enlist two objectives of intramurals. (Delhi 2016, 15, 14)
Answer:
The two objectives of intramurals are

  • To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity to learn various skills.
  • To develop sportsman spirit among students.

Question 12.
What do you mean by extramural?
Answer:
Extramural means ‘between institutions’ or we can say that these competitions are conducted between the players of two or more institutions.

Question 13.
What does the school intend by stating that, “only such students shall participate in the Basketball Intramurals who have not represented the school in Basketball in the past and minimum 10 substitutions shall be compulsory.” (CBSE Model Paper 2015)
Answer:
To promote mass participation and to explore the hidden talent of the students.

Question 14.
Mention any four specific sports programmes.
Answer:
Specific sports programmes are

  • Health run
  • Run.for fun
  • Run for specific causes
  • Run for unity

3 Marks Questions

Question 15.
Write the name of various committees. (All Indio 2016)
Answer:
Arrangement Committee, Technical Committee, Discipline Committee, Reception Committee, Boarding and Lodging Committees, Certificate Writing Committee, Medical Committee, Announcement Committee, Recorders and Bulletin Board Committee.

Question 16.
Discuss any two importance of tournaments.
Answer:
The importance of tournaments are

  1. Source of Recreation A large number of people go to watch various games and sports for getting recreation. Sports tournaments provide ample recreation to the spectators.
  2. Development of Social Qualities Social qualities such as cooperation, tolerance, sympathy, group cohesion, brotherhood and discipline are developed among participants through sports tournaments.

Question 17.
What do you mean by knock-out tournament? Draw the fixture of 21 teams on knock-out.basiS, (CBSE 2016,14,13)
Answer:
In this type of tournament, the team which is defeated once’ gets eliminated immediately and will not be given another chance to play. The total number of matches to be played in this tournament will be equal to the number of teams participating minus one (AT—1),
E.g.,
if 21 teams are participating, the total number of matches will be 21-1=20. Number of teams in upper half.
=N+12=21+12=11
Number of teams in lower half
=N12=2112=10
Total number of byes
= Next power of two – total teams
= 32 – 21 = 11 byes
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 1
Question 18.
What is a knock-out tournament? Mention any two disadvantages of knock-out tournament. Delhi 2016
Answer:
A single elimination tournament (also called an Olympic system tournament) or a knock-out tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each bracket is immediately eliminated from the tournament. In some such tournaments, consolation or ‘classification’ contests are subsequently held among those already defeated to determine the awarding of lesser places. For instance, a third-place playoff.

The disadvantages of knock-out tournament are

  • There are chances of weaker team to get to finals.
  • In case of poor play in a particular match, the better team may not qualify for the next round.

Question 19.
What are the advantages of knock-out tournaments?
Answer:
The advantages of knock-out tournaments are

  • Minimum number of officials are required in organising tournaments.
  • Less number of matches are played, thus requiring less time to complete the tournaments.
  • It helps in enhancing the standard of sports.

Question 20.
Draw the fixtures of 7 teams on knock-out basis.
Answer:
Total number of matches = N -1 = 7 -1 = 6
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 2
Number of teams in upper half
=N+12=7+12=82=4 tems
Number of teams in lower half
=N12=712=62=3 terms
Total number of byes = Next power of two – Total teams = 8 – 7 = 1 bye

Question 21.
Draw a fixture of 11 Football teams participating in a tournament on the basis of knock-out. (All India 2016)
Answer:
Total number of teams = 11
Upper half
=n+12=11+12=6
Lower half
=n12=1112=5
No. of Byes = Next power of two – of teams = 16 – 11 = 5
No. of Byes in Lower Half
=nb+12=5+12=3
No. of Byes in Upper Half
=nb12=512=2
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 3

Question 22.
Briefly explain types of league tournaments.
Answer:
There are two types of league tournaments

  1. Single League Tournament In single league, every team plays with every other team once.
    Number of matches =N(N1)2
    (N=number of teams)
  2. Double League Tournament In double league, every team plays with every other team twice.
    Number of matches =N(N—1) (IV= number of teams)

Question 23.
Explain the staircase method of a league tournament for 7 teams.
Answer:
In staircase method, fixtures are made just like a ladder or staircase. This method is the easiest method because no bye is given to any team and there is no need of the stipulation of odd or even number of teams.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 4

Question 24.
Explain cyclic method of league tournament for 4 teams.
Answer:
In this method, one team is kept fixed and other teams are moved clockwise. When the number of teams is even, no bye is given, but if the number of teams is odd, one bye is given in each round.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 5
Total matches
=N(N1)2=4(41)2=4×32=122=6
(2 matches in each round) where team 1 is fixed.

Question 25.
Briefly mention the objectives of intramurals. Delhi 2015
Answer:

The objectives of intramurals are

  • To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity To learn various skills.
  • To develop sportsman spirit among students.
  • To help in recreation of the students.
  • To improve social interaction among the Students.

Question 26.
Mention the activities which are included in intramurals and extramurals.
Answer:
Activities that are included are

  1. Intramurals
    Lazium, Dumb-bell, Marching, Tag game, Roller skating, Sack race, Shuttle run, Volleyball, Football, Cricket, Basketball, Athletics, Kho-kho, Cycling etc.
  2. Extramural
    Friendly matches, Restricted competitions, Open competitions etc.

Question 27.
Differentiate between intramural and extramural competitions in detail. (Delhi 2016,11)
Answer:
Differences between intramural and extramural competitions are

S.No.Intramural CompetitionExtramural Competition
1.Intramural competitions are organised by the schools, institutions or faculty of the institution.Extramural are being organised by either schools, institutions or associations.
2.It is played among the group of students of one school or institution.The participants are from more than one organisation or school or institute.
3.In it a large number of students are known to each other.In it most students are not known to each other.
4.Intramurals are campus competitions and played within the boundaries of an institution.Extramural are out of boundary competitions and may be played at any place where infrastructure is available.

Question 28.
Briefly explain about any two specific sports programmes.
Answer:
Sports programmes can be explained as

  1. Run for Fun
    It can be organised by any educational institution for another institution or organisation and for people of all ages. It is arranged just for the sake of fun to create good habits for good health.
  2. Run for Unity
    An institution can organise a run for unity to create a feeling of unity among the people and communities for the unity of the country.

5 Marks Questions

Question 29.
What are specific sports programmes? Explain with suitable example. (All India 2017)
OR
What do you mean by specific sports programmes? Explain any three. (CBSE 2013)
Answer:
Specific sports programmes are those programmes of sports which are not usually related to competitions. The programmes have various objectives like creating awareness, creating a sense of integration among people and raising funds for charitable organisations. Various specific sports programmes are
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 6
1. Sports Day
is rapidly growing in popularity and deserves a prominent place in the intramural and extramural athletic programmes of any school, college or other organisation.

Sports day refers to a programme when one or several schools, colleges or other organisations participate in physical education activities. They may invite several teams for various sports. When thus organised, each team is identified with the institution it represents. Sports day may also be used to culminate a season of activity for participants within the same school or college.

2. Health Run
It is organised in almost every part of the world. In India, it is organised by many states to make people health conscious. For this, WHO allots sufficient funds to different organisations. These organisations organise and promote health runs.

These health runs lay stress on removing deadly diseases. Health runs and rallies are organised every year in the world on 1st December to commemorate AIDS day. These runs give knowledge to people about AIDS, symptoms and causes and how to take preventive measures.

3. Run for Unity
It is a kind of mass running which generates the feeling of unity. It is organised by different nations by their Central Government, State Government, Sports federations etc to create a feeling of oneness among the people. By organising such runs, people of all ages from different states come together and such runs develop the feeling of patriotism in children and students feel that they all belong to one nation.

Question 30.
Being sports captain of the school, prepare five important committees with their responsibilities to conduct one day run for health race. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
Being the sports captain I will form five committees. These are as follows

  1. Publicity Committee This committee will prepare the advertisement plans, announce the sports events dates, venues and notify the same to public through newspaper, television, e-mail and websites.
  2. Boarding and Lodging Committee This committee will arrange the accommodation of the participants and ensure the provisions for food and refreshments.
  3. Transportation Committee This committee provides the necessary transportation to the participants to and fro the venue.
  4. Grounds and Equipment Committee This committee takes care of the ground where the event is to take place. At the same time, it also takes care of the equipment and check if they are running properly.
  5. Reception Committee The members of this committee are responsible to welcome the Chief Guest and spectators at opening and closing ceremonies.

Question 31.
Suggest the formation of various committees for systematic and smooth conduct of sports day in your school. (All India 2014)
Answer:

  • Selection of Members Students who are interested and motivated to take part should be included in the committee.
  • Define Tasks Clearly Next step is to define the tasks of each committee. All the committee members should be given clear guidelines about their task.
  • Planning the entire event properly/looking at each and every aspect of the sports day.
  • Establish Goals Each committee should be clearly told about their goals so that they know what is expected of them.

Question 32.
What is the meaning of tournament? Draw knock-out fixture for 27 teams. (CBSE 2012)
Answer:
A tournament is a competition held among various teams in a particular activity according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 7
Total no. of teams = 27
Total no. of matches = 27 – 1 = 26
Number of teams in upper half
=N+12=27+12=14
Number of teams in lower half
=N12=2712=13
Total no. of byes = 32 – 27 = 5
Number of byes in upper half
=512=2
Number of byes in lower half
=5+12=3

Question 33.
What do you understand by fixture? Draw a fixture of 13 teams in knock-out tournament.
OR
What do you mean by tournament? Draw a fixture of 13 teams in knock-out tournaments. (CBSE 2011)
Answer:
Fixture is the process of arranging the teams in systematic order in various groups for competition in a physical activity. In other words, it is the set-up of various teams for competitive matches where they play in a systematic order as per the fixture schedule. A tournament is a competition held among various teams in a particular activity according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided.
Fixture of 13 teams
Total teams =13
Total matches = N – 1 = 13 – 1 = 12 matches
Number of teams in upper half
=N+12=13+12=142=7 terms
Number of teams in lower half
=N12=1312=122=6 teams
Total number of byes
= Next power of two – total teams
= 16-13= 3 byes
Number of byes in upper half
= Total number of byes 12=312=22=1 bye
Number of byes in lower half
= Total number of byes +12=3+12=42=2 bye
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 8

Question 34.
Draw a knock-out fixture of 21 teams mentioning all the steps involved. (All Indin 2015)
Answer:
Total no. of matches = N – 1 = 21 – 1 = 20
=N+12=21+12=11 terms
No. of teams in lower half
=N12=2112=10 terms
Total no. of byes = 32 – 21 = 11 byes
No. of byes in upper half
=NB12=1112=5byes
No. of byes in lower half
=NB+12=11+12=6byes
Total rounds = 5
No. of byeš in I quarter
=NB12=512=2byes
No. of byes in II quarter
=NB+12=5+12=3 byes
No. of byes in III quarter
=NB2=62=3 byes
No. of byes in IV quarter
=NB2=62=3byes

Question 35.
What is league tournament? Draw a fixture of 9 teams participating in league tournament.
Answer:
League Tournament It is also known as round robin tournament. In this type of tournament, all teams play against each other team irrespective of winning or losing. The number of matches played in league tournament is calculated by Number of teams
=N(N1)2
where N is the number of teams If the number of teams = 9, then Number of matches
=9(91)2=9×82=36 matches
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 9

Question 36.
What do you understand by intramural? What is its importance?
Answer:
The word intramural is derived from the Latin words intra and muros, which means ‘within walls’. The teams
compete within the walls of an institution e.g. inter-class tournament or inter-house tournament in a school.
Importance of Intramurals

  • It improves the sense of citizenship and adult living.
  • It helps in selection of teams for participation in extramural competitions.
  • It brings out the hidden talent of the students.
  • It develops leadership qualities in students.
  • It creates recreational atmosphere among the teachers and students.
  • It helps the students to learn about the conduct of various games.
  • It develops the physical fitness of students.
  • It develops social values and qualities.
  • It develops personality.
  • It provides relaxation from strenuous school work.

Value-Based Question

Question 37.
Mohan with the intention to win the extramural sports event practised long jump every day for about a month. He participated and won 1st position in interschool sports event.
(i) What is extramural?
(ii) Comment on the values Mohan possesses.
Answer:
(i) Extramural is the activity performed outside the walls of the institution or school. It means two or more schools organise a competition where their students participate.
(ii) Mohan shows determination and dedication. He plans beforehand, prepares well for the event then executes his plans successfully. This develops his self-esteem, social skills and sportsmanship.

1 Mark Questions:
Question.1. Explain procedure for giving bye. [CBSE 2013,2012]
Answer. Before drawing a fixture, two things are ensured, i.e. whether the number of teams participating is a power of two or not. If the number of teams is a power of two, byes are not given. In case the number of teams is not a power of two, then byes shall be given. For instance if the number of teams participating are 11, next higher power of two will be 16. So, the number of byes is 16 – 11 =5.

Question.2. What is seeding? [CBSE 2013,2011]
Answer. Seeding is given to some special teams or those teams which are winners/runners up of the last year’s tournament. In seeding, the strong teams are selected to keep them at appropriate places in the fixtures so that they should not meet in the earlier rounds.

Question.3. Define knock-out tournament.
Or
What are knock-out tournaments?
Answer. This type of tournament is also known as elimination tournament. In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated automatically gets eliminated from the tournament and only the winning team continues in the tournament.

Question.4. What do you mean by league tournament?
Or
What are league tournaments?
Answer. A league tournament is also known as round-robin tournament. In this type of tournament, all teams play against each other irrespective of winning or losing.

Question.5. Mention any four specific sports programmes.
Answer. Specific sports programmes are
(i) Health run (ii) Run for fun
(iii) Run for unity (iv) Run for awareness

Question.6. List the various types of tournaments.
Answer. Various types of tournaments are
(i) Knock-out tournament (ii) League tournament
(iii) Combination tournament (iv) Challenge tournament

Question.7. What is bye?
Answer. Bye is a privilege given to a team, generally by drawing lots, exempting it from playing a match in the first round.

Question.8. What do you mean by consolation tournaments?
Answer. Consolation tournaments are those tournaments in which an additional chance is given to the defeated team.

Question.9. What do you mean by extramural?
Answer. Extramural means ‘between institutions’ or we can say that these competitions are conducted between the players of two or more institutions.

Question.10. What is planning?
Or
What do you mean by planning in sports?
Answer. Planning is a process of development of a strategy to achieve desired objectives, to solve problems and to facilitate action. Planning covers all the aspects of any tournament.

3 Marks Questions:
Question.11. Briefly mention the objectives of intramurals.
Answer. The objectives of intramurals are

  1. To provide incentive, motivation and opportunity to learn various skills.
  2. To develop sportsman spirit among students.
  3. To help in recreation of the students.
  4. To improve social relations among the students.

Question.12. Discuss any two importance of tournaments.
Answer. The importance of tournaments are

  1. Source of Recreation A large number of people go to watch various games and sports for getting recreation. Sports tournaments provide ample recreation to the spectators.
  2.  Development of Social Qualities Social qualities such as cooperation, tolerance, sympathy, group cohesion, brotherhood and discipline are developed among participants through sports
    tournaments.

Question.13. What are the advantages of knock-out tournaments?
Answer. The advantages of knock-out tournaments are

  1.  Minimum number of officials are required in organizing tournaments.
  2. Less number of matches are played, thus requiring less time to complete the tournaments.
  3. Less expensive, because the team which gets defeated is eliminated from the competition.

Question.14. Briefly explain about any two specific sports programmes.
Answer. Sports programmes can be explained as

  1. Run for Fun It can be organised by any educational institution for another institution or organisation and for people of all ages. It is arranged just for the sake of fun to create good habits for good health. –
  2. Run for Unity An institution can organise a run for unity to create a feeling of unity among the people and communities for the unity of the country.

Question.15. Mention the activities which are included in intramurals and extramurals.
Answer. Activities that are included are
Intramurals  Lazium, Dumb-bell, Marching, Tag game, Roller skating, Sack race, Shuttle run, Volleyball, Football, Cricket, Basketball, Athletics, Kho-kho, Cycling etc.
Extramurals  Friendly matches, Restricted competitions, Open competitions etc.

Question.16. Differentiate between intramural and extramural competitions in detail. [CBSE2011]
Answer. Differences between intramural and extramural competitions are
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 10

Question.17. Draw the fixtures of 7-teams on knock-out basis.
Answer.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 11

Question.18. Explain cyclic method of league tournament for 4 teams.
Answer. In this method, one team is kept fixed and other teams are moved clockwise. When the number of teams is even, no bye is given, but if the number of teams is odd, one bye is given in each round.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 12

Question.19. Explain the staircase method of a league tournament for 7 teams.
Answer. In staircase method, fixtures are made just Tike a ladder or staircasev This method is the easiest method because no bye is given to any team and there is no need of the stipulation of odd or even number of teams.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 13

Question.20. Briefly explain types of league tournaments.
Answer.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 14

5 Marks Questions:
Question.21. What do you mean by knock-out tournament? Draw the fixture of 21 teams on knock-out basis. [CBSE2013]
Answer. In this type of tournament, the team which is defeated once gets eliminated immediately and will not be given another chance to play. The total number of matches to played in this tournament will be equal to the number of teams participating minus one (N -1) e.g. if 21 teams are participating, the total number matches will be 21-1 =20.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 14Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 15
So, knock-out or elimination tournament for 21 teams will be
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 16

Question.22. What do you mean by specific sports programmes? Explain any three. [CBSE2013]
Answer. Specific sports programmes are those programmes of sports which are not usually related to competitions. The programmes have various objectives like creating awareness, creating a sense of integration among people and raising funds for charitable organisations. Various specific sports programmes are
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 17

  1. Health Run It is organised in almost every part of the world. In India, it is organised by many states to make people health conscious. For this, WHO allots sufficient funds to different organisations. These organisations organise and promote health runs. These health runs lay stress on removing deadly diseases. Health runs and rallies are organised every year in the world on 1st December to commemorate AIDS day. These runs give knowledge to people about AIDS, symptoms and causes and how to take preventive measures.
  2. Run for Unity It is a kind of mass running which generates the feeling of unity. It is organised by different nations by their Central Government, State Government, Sports federations etc to create a feeling of oneness among the people. By organizing such runs, people of all ages from different states come together and such runs develop the feeling of patriotism in children and students feel that they all belong to one nation.
  3. Run for Awareness Run for awareness can be organised by educational institutions to create awareness in the students about sports and games, about health, about a particular disease, about studies, about environment, about pollution or some other topic. Such races should be well planned before organizing them.

Question.23. What is a league tournament? Draw a fixture of 6 teams using round robin method. [CBSE 2012]
Answer. In this type of tournament, there is sufficient time to complete the tournament. In this, players or teams play against every other player or team.
There are two types of league tournaments
(i) Single league (ii) Double league
Fixture of 6 Teams There are three methods of drawing a fixture. We will show the cyclic method.
Cyclic Method Number of teams
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 18

Question.24. What do you understand by fixture? Draw a fixture of 13 teams in knock-out tournament.
Or
What do you mean by tournament? Draw a fixture of 13 teams in knock-out tournaments. [CBSE 2o11]
Answer. Fixture is a planned process of a tournament to be played. Fixture may be defined as schedule of the teams taking part in the tournament and the methods of deciding the course of competition’. A tournament is played according to the fixture.
A tournament is that series of sports in which a team finally wins and rest of the teams lose.
Types of Tournament:

  1.  Knock-out tournament or Elimination tournament
  2.  League tournament
  3. Combination tournament

There are two types of combination tournament:

  1. League cum knock-out
  2. Knock-out cum league Fixture of 13 teams
    Total teams =13
    Total matches = N-1 = 13-1 = 12 matches
    Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 19

Question.25. Describe the various committees for the organisation of sports events.
Answer. The organisation of sports events requires a lot of planning. The planning is executed properly when different committees work together for the smooth conduct of the sports events.
The various committees are:

  1. Technical Committee This committee is responsible for the technical conduct of the events. This committee selects various officials such as referees, judges, recorders, starters, umpires, time keepers etc.
  2. Transport Committee This committee is responsible for providing the facilities regarding transportation of various teams to the venue of sports events.
  3. Reception Committee The members of this committee are responsible to welcome the Chief Guest and spectators at opening and closing ceremonies.
  4. Boarding and Lodging Committee This committee is responsible for making necessary arrangements for providing accommodation and serving meals to the sportspersons and other officials.
  5. Ground and Equipment Committee This committee makes necessary arrangements of equipment related to the events.
  6. Medical and First Aid Committee This committee is formed to provide medical assistance to
    participants round the clock.
  7. Protest Committee In case of a protest against a judgement, the members of this committee decide about it.
  8. Publicity Committee All the press releases and press conferences are conducted by this committee.
  9. Finance Committee This committee is assigned to make the budget for the event and handle all the expenses.
  10. Refreshment Committee This committee is formed to provide refreshment to the participants.

Question.26. What is league tournament? Draw a fixture of 9 teams participating in league tournament.
Answer. League Tournament It is also known as round robin tournament. In this type of tournament, all teams play against each other team irrespective of winning or losing.
The number of matches played in league tournament is calculated by
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 1 Planning in Sports 20

Question.27. What do you mean by a specific sports programme ? Explain Health Run and Run for Awareness.
Answer. Specific sports programmes are arranged in India and other countries to promote sports and games. These programmes create a feeling for taking part in sports and games. Students also become conscious that they must try to remain fit and healthy.
In most countries, sports programmes are often organised to keep the people aware about their health and to take part in sports activities.
Health Run To make people health conscious, health runs are organised in most places in India and other countries to make people aware, of deadly diseases like AIDS, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Dengue, Diabetes, Swine flu, Jaundice, Polio, Whooping cough etc. Health runs organised by World Health Organisation (WHO) lay stress on eradication of deadly diseases from the World. Run for Awareness Run for awareness can be organised by educational institutions to create awareness in the students about sports and games, about health, about a particular disease, about studies, about environment, about pollution or some other topic. Such races should be well planned before organising them.

Question.28. What do you understand by intramural? What is its importance?
Answer. The word intramural is derived from the Latin words intra and muros, which means within walls. The teams compete within the walls of an institution e.g. inter-class tournament or inter-house tournament in a school.
Importance of Intramurals:

  1. It improves the sense of citizenship and adult living.
  2. It helps in selection of teams for extramural competitions.
  3. It brings out the hidden talent of the students.
  4. It develops leadership qualities in students.
  5.  It Creates recreational atmosphere among the teachers and students.
  6. It helps the students to learn about the conduct of various games.
  7. It develops the physical fitness of students.
  8. It develops social values/qualities.
  9. It develops personality.
  10. It provides relaxation from strenuous school work
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