CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Important Questions Chapter 4 Phy Edu and Sports for Differently-Abled
1 Mark Questions
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (1 MARK EACH)
Q1. What do you mean by posture?
Ans. It is the specific position of a person while sitting, standing, walking, lying etc.
Q2. Give two advantages of correct posture?
Ans. (i) Grace & Efficiency of Movement :- With the help of correct body posture efficient movement is possible, so in result balance & coordination of movement will be possible.
(ii) Physical Fitness :- Good posture is essential component of physical fitness by this other component like balance coordination flexibility will be achieved for fitness.
Q3. State or mention common postural deformities?
Ans. (i) Spinal Curvature
(ii) Flat Foot
(iii) Knock Knee
(iv) Bow legs
(v) Round shoulders
Q4. What is correct posture of walking?
Ans. In the posture first foot touches the ground and then the weight in transferred on the toe. This is called heel toe action. Walking should look smooth efficient and graceful.
Q.5 What should be our standing posture?
Ans. In this posture both the heels should join together on the surface while the toes should be placed 3 to 4 inches apart. One should stand straight & erect. Knees straight chest forward; chin, inside belly inside and back ward and equal body weight on each of legs and evenly balanced.
Q.6 Explain briefly the causes of flat foot?
Ans. Rapid increase in body weight, improper shoes, carry having weight for longer period of time may cause this problem. Weak muscles is the main cause, they unable to take the load of body.
Q.7 What precautions we should take for kyphosis?
Ans. (i) We should not lean forward or study for longer period
(ii) We should do regular exercise
(iii) We should take balanced diet
(iv) We should learn to correct sitting & standing position to avoid this deformity
Q.8 What are the causes of scoliosis?
Ans. Undeveloped legs, back bone, more weight or heavy weight on one shoulder, diseases of backbone joints, wrong exercise, lack of exercise, deafness, inherited diseases.
Q.9 Explain the corrective measures for lordosis deformity?
Ans. (i) Do Uttar pad asana and Halasanas pashchimotanasan.
(ii) perform sit-ups regularly
(iii) Stand erect now bend your body forward from hip level. Repeat this exercise for 10 times
(iv) Diet should be controlled, excessive food should be avoided.
Q.10 What one causes for bow legs?
Ans. (i) Deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in bones
(ii) Heavy weight carry
(iii) Walking in very short period or forcing the child to walk early
(iv) Ricket disease
(v) Heavy weight of body
(vi) deficiency of Vitamin D
(vii) walking in a improper way
Q.11 What do you mean by knock knee?
Ans. It is a major postural deformity. In normal standing position the knees touch each other or knock each other. The gaps between ankles keeps on increasing and finds difficulty in walking properly and running.
3 Mark Questions
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (80 to 90 WORDS)
(3 MARKS EACH)
Q.1 What is the difference between kyphosis & lordosis?
Ans. Kyphosis – It is also called hunch back is a common condition of a curvature of upper spine. It means backward or posterior curve or a decrease or cervical of a forward curve. This is also known as round back. In kyphosis depression of chest is very common.
Lordosis – In word curvature of the spine is known as lordosis it is actually increased forward curve in the lumber region. The person suffering from it faces problems while walking or standing. In early stages lordosis is curable.
Q.2 What are the corrective measures for bow legs?
Ans. Following measures be taken to avoid or correct the bow legs :-
(1) Special shoes can be worn that rotate the feet out ward.
(2) Child uses corrective brace during treatment of disease.
(3) Dietary supplements like Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus should be taken.
(4) Stand erect keeping the feet together, wrap a soft cloth tightly on both knees – Try to squat as far as possible it 4 to 6 time
(5) Walk on inner toe of the feet
(6) walk in bend toe of the feet
(7) Do Ardh chakra Asanas garud Asanas Ardh Matsendra Asanas.
Q.3 Describe the remedial measure for postural deformity of kyphosis?
Ans.(i) While sitting in a chair buttock should be touching the back of the chair, hips should be placed as far back as possible hold your hand by the other hand behind the back of the chair stretchy your shoulders back wards – stay in this position for some time.
(ii) We should do chakra Asanas, Dhanur Asanas, Bhujang Asanas and Ushtt Asanas regularly.
(iii) All exercises of backward bending are useful.
(iv) Lie down on your chest keeping hands on hips allow raise your trunk with head a few inches above the ground. Try to raise it slowly come back to earlier position. this exercise should be repeated 10 times.
(v) Use pillow under your back at night while sleeping.
Q.4 What corrective measures we take for flat foot?
Ans. (a) Tarr Asanas – The person slowly raises the heel while standing body balances on toes where as hands and head are raised up
(b) Walking on sand
(c) Regular running
(d) Good quality shoes speciallied flat foot corrective shoes.
(e) Flat foot can be treated by arch supports foot gymnastics another exercise as recommended by a doctor.
·Pressure over feet.
·Writing with foot
·Yogic exercise will help the flat foot problems.
·Jumping on toes regularly
·Sit down. Hold wad of paper by toes
·Rope skipping regularly
·Performing up and down on heels regularly
Q.5 How can we correct/treat the problem of scoliosis?
Ans. (a) Ardha Chakra Asana – In this asanas the body is bent side ward while standing with feet apart. One hand should be close to head.
(b) Tricon Asana – In this asanas the body is bent side ward with feet apart. One hand should be close to head.
(c) Tarr Asanen – In this body raised up over the toes where as hands are raised up while looking up.
(d) Chin ups – In this Asanas the body in stretched up once a horizontal bar while body weight hanging vertically and lifted up.
(e) The dietary in take should be sufficient in quantity it should not be excessive. The food should be healthy balanced and nutritious.
Q.6 What are the remidies for knock knee?
Ans. Knock knee can be treated by following exercises
(a) Vriksh Asanas – It is balancing on one foot while other leg is fixed resting on other leg thigh. Hands are kept in front.
(b) Akarn Dhanur Asanas : In this asanas the person stretches one leg near the ear where as other hand holds the opposite straight
(c) Padma Asana
(d) Pillow walking – In this pillow in kept between legs and person presses the legs.
(e) Out ward walking – In this person tries to walks over the outer edges of foot while the inner part of sole is raised up
(f) Horse riding is the most effective and best exercise is this respect.
(g) walking collipers are also useful.
(h) Gomukh Asana is also helpful
Q.7 What are the causes for knock knee?
Ans. (1) Diseases of the bones and ricket may cause permanent knock knee?
(2) Lack of Vitamin D or inability to metabolize Vitamin D due to kidney disease can cause growth disturbance of the bones in body.
(3) A lack of balanced diet calcium, phosphorus etc.
(4) Obesity and carrying heaving weight in early ages.
(5) Weak legs due to weak muscle
(6) Chronic illness
(7) During childhood knock knees causally develop as an effort to maintain balance particularly when the child begins to walks or if the child’s foot rolls in ward or turns out ward.
Q.8 What are the causes & precautions for bow legs?
Ans. The causes for bow legs are :
(1) It is mainly caused due to deficiency of calcium & phosphorus in bones. Long bones tends to be softer and bends outward under body weight. In case of overweight children the chances of bow legs increases. It is also caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin D, walking in a improper way or forcing the children to walk early may also lead to this deformity.
Precautions – The following precaution we should take –
1. Prevent the children from getting over weight
2. Normal exposure to sunlight
3. Appropriate level of Vitamin D, calcium & phosphorus in the diet.
4. Child should be re-assessed at least every 6 months.
5. Children should be given balanced diet.
6. Don’t force children to walk early
5 Marks Questions
Long Answer type Question [150 to 200 words]- (5 marks each)
Q.1 What is lordosis? What are the causes of this problem and how can we treat this deformity.
Ans. Lordosis : Lordsis in the problem of lumber spine. In this postural deformity lumber spine bends in front beyond the normal level. Abdomen is ahead of body and shoulders come outward and sideward. the body weight shifted backward. Thus lot of pressure on heels.
Causes of lordosis – Unbalanced diet, improper environment, improper development of muscles, obesity and diseases affecting vertibrae and spinal muscles are the main cause of lordosis, besides this no doing exercise and taking excessive food may also be big causes of lordosis.
Treatment for lordosis – This problem can be treated in the following way –
(a) Paschimotanasana – In this asanas legs are stretched forward we try to touch the forehead to the knees & while hands hold the feet.
(b) Halasana – In this asanas legs are raised up from the lying position. Slowly or bending legs towards the head, the feet – touch the floor and body makes a complete arc.
(c) Alternate toe touching – In this, feet apart and try to touch opposite hand to foot while other hand is raised up.
(d) Stoop walking (Long stride walking) – In this long stride during walking is done while body is bent forward and downward other alternative is stepping over stairs.
(e) Proline lying (Makrasana) – In this persons lies with face down whereas abdomen and chest touch the surface.
Q.2 What are the causes of bad posture? Explain detail?
Ans. There are many causes of bad posture. Some are environmental and other may be due to heredity. Bad posture causes many health problems. It reduces the physical output or efficiency to a great extent. It leads to psychological stress, bad looking, less socials acceptance etc. It is cause of many postural problems like kyphosis, round shoulders, lordosis Scoliosis, Knock knees, Bowledgs Flat foot.
Some of General causes of bad posture are given below.
(1) Accident :- It may arises due to accidents. It may cause postural deformity due to injuries of muscles, joints & bones.
(2) Diseases :- Many leads of health problems like diseases, illness and chronic sickness cause bad posture.
(3) Lack of Nutritional Diet :- Sometime bad posture arises due to unbalanced diet, over diet, under diet and Lack of nutritional diet.
(4) Wrong Postural Habits :- The wrong sitting posture a wrong postural habits during sitting standing lying working etc. cause bad posture.
(5) Improper treatment :- Sometimes the improper treatment or wrong treatment for curing injury causes bad posture.
(6) Psychological Stress :- Psychological stress in life leads to mental tension, unbalances emotions or behaviour changes. Sometimes it leads to postural deformity.
(7) Lack of sufficient strength :- The poor muscular strength or the unbalance strength of against and antagonist muscular cause postural deformity.
(8) Age factor :- In old age the muscular strength reduces this bad posture may arises.
(9) Poor Eyesight :- Poor eyesight causes stress our head and neck. Thus body bends forward and it may cause bad posture.
(10) Bad Shoes or Cloths :- In some cases bad posture arises due to poor quality shoes or clothing.
Q3. What do you mean by posture ? What are benefits of correct posture. Explain?
Ans. Posture :- Posture is the body position. It may be static or dynamic such as sitting, standing, lying, walking, running, reading etc.
Benefits of Correct Posture :-
(1) Attractive physical appearance :- The first image of personality comes through good posture. A good posture makes individual appear smart, good looking, charming and attractive.
(2) Improves Health Status :- Correct posture of body reflects positive health status of an individual. Good posture in an image of good health and sound body.
(3) Psychological Balance :- A good posture improves the psychological balance of the body and mind. It improves the activeness of mind and leads to in optimum development.
(4) Lesser Strain and Pain Over Joint :- Good posture causes unstrain and pain over joints as it distributes the body weight equally over the joints.
(5) Improves Social Status :- A good physique reflects positive social qualities. Good posture is an image of happy life style and social well being of an individual.
(6) Better functions of Body Systems :- Various systems of body set full chance to function well if good posture in maintained. It provides optimum functioning of internal organs.
(7) Improves Appetite :- Good posture increases appetite. Thus health status is improved, it causes less pressure over abdomen. Thus digestive organs functions properly.
(8) Reduces Postural Deformities :- Correct posture helps to prevent postural deformities. Thus health problems are reduced like kyphosis, Lordosis.
(9) Skill perfection :- Good posture helps to improve skills. Thus more perfection in activity. It makes the movement graceful.
(10) Better selection of Players :- Posture help coaches and teachers for better selection of players for various activities.
(11) Better Optimum Physical Efficiency :- Good posture provides optimum opportunity an individual to improving physical fitness and health.
(12) Good Body Balance :- Correct posture provides sound body balance thus more stability of individual while performing workout.
Physical Education Class 12 Important Questions Chapter 4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSN – Children with Special Needs: Divyangs
1 Mark Questions
Question 1.
Define disability.
Answer:
Disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual standard of an individual or group.
Question 2.
How disability is different from a disorder?
Answer:
Disability, whether it is physical or mental, is of permanent nature, but disorder can be temporary or permanent.
Question 3.
Why the word ‘differently abled’ is used in place of disabled nowadays?
Answer:
Differently abled is used in place of disabled nowadays to give a more positive message and to avoid any kind of discrimination in the society.
Question 4.
Give some examples of cognitive disability.
Answer:
Some examples of cognitive disability are children suffering from dyslexia, speech disorders, problems in solving mathematical calculations, short attention span, short memory and learning difficulties.
Question 5.
What is ADHD?
Answer:
ADHD stands’ for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This brings behavioural changes and is normally seen is school going kids. Here the attention span is very short, kids are hyperactive and face trouble in focussing on a task.
Question 6.
What do you understand by disability etiquettes?
Answer:
Disability etiquettes is a set of guidelines to deal with people facing physical or mental disabilities.
Question 7.
Write two ways to communicate with people suffering from cognitive impairments.
Answer:
- Use a calm voice and be comfortable:
- Treat the person as an individual with talents and abilities
Question 8.
What do you understand by physical activity?
Answer:
Physical activity means the movement of the body and use of energy Walking, running, dancing, swimming, yoga, and gardening are few examples of physical activity.
Question 9.
Write any one advantage of physical activity.
Answer:
Physical activity enhances the metabolism of brain in the children. It leads to cognitive improvement in children with special needs allowing them to acquire new skills, learn new things and focus on specific goals.
Question 10.
Explain the strategy of positive behaviour in brief.
Answer:
The strategy of positive behaviour relates to showing a positive attitude and having healthy interactions with children with special needs. The teachers should prevent negative behaviours and encourage these children to participate in classroom activities.
Question 11.
What do, you understand by disorder?
Answer:
A disorder is a blip in the usual functioning of a person. It disturbs the mental or physical health of a person.
3 Marks Questions
Question 12.
Explain the nature and causes of physical disability.
Answer:
Physical disability is physical in nature since it relates to physical functioning of the body parts including sense organiser:
The causes of physical disability are as follows
- Illnesses like cancer, heart attack or diabetes cause the majority of long-term disabilities.
- Back pain, injuries and arthritis are also significant causes.
- Lifestyle choices and personal behaviour that lead to obesity are also becoming major contributing factors.
- The musculoskeletal disorder also causes disabilities. Examples include spine/joint disorders, fibromytis etc.
Question 13.
How does the Sensory Processing Disorder interfere with a child’s normal everyday functioning?
Answer:
The Sensory Processing Disorder is a condition in which the brain has trouble in receiving and responding to information that comes in through senses. Children suffering from SPD are either under-reactive or over-reactive. They also lack motor skills, have short span of attention and delayed communication skills.
Due to these symptoms, children with SPD are not able to concentrate on studies or other activities. So the lack of sensory coordination with the brain in an appropriate manner interferes with the children’s normal everyday functioning.
Question 14.
How environmental factors cause various types of disorders?
Answer:
Environmental factors are the external factors present where a child is living. Poor nutrition is a major environmental factor because the child does not get adequate food or nutrition and it leads to deficiencies. Exposure to toxins such as lead, insecticides, hydrocarbons creates many hormonal imbalances in the body. Similarly, parental neglect and sexual abuse at young age are other factors present in and around the child that create mental imbalances. In this way, environmental factors cause various types of disorders.
Question 15.
Explain three causes that are behind intellectual disability.
Answer:
The three causes behind intellectual disability are as follows
- Genetic Conditions These include conditions like Downs syndrome and fragile X syndrome. These occur due to genetic mutations or heredity factors.
- Problems during Pregnancy and Childbirth Intellectual disability can be caused if the foetus is not well-developed during pregnancy. If an infant does not get sufficient oxygen during childbirth or is premature, then the chances are more of this disability.
- Illness or Injury Illness like meningitis, whooping cough, measles, infections in the brain or head injuries can be the causes of intellectual disability.
Question 16.
Explain any five disability etiquettes towards people with hearing loss?
Answer:
There are various disability etiquettes to be shown towards people with hearing loss. These are as follows
- Get.the person’s attention with a wave of the hand, or a tap on the shoulder.
- Speak clearly and slowly, but without exaggerating your lip movements or shouting.
- Use sign language if you and the person are both familiar with it.
- When an interpreter accompanies a person, direct your remarks to the person rather than to the interpreter.
- Look directly at the person and speak f expressively.
Question 17.
Explain the strategy of inclusive classrooms. Why is it gaining popularity?
Answer:
Inclusive classrooms means including the children with special needs within the normal classrooms where other children study. It requires some changes in existing curriculum so that children with special needs get education along with other children. This concept is gaining popularity because it helps in changing the outlook of society. If all the children, get education in the same environment then they will understand, interact and cooperate with other. In this way, children with special needs get well accepted in society.
Question 18.
Write the full form of ADHD and SPD. Elaborate on the causes that lead to the two disorders.
Answer:
The full form of ADHD-is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder arid SPD is Sensory Processing Disorder.
The causes leading to the two disorders are as follows ADHD Causes
- Genes and Heredity ADHD can run in family due to certain genes and genetic mutations.
- Brain Injury and Epilepsy Children who have had traumatic brain injuries or who have epilepsy can often have ADHD symptoms.
SPD Causes
- Children affected with SPD are said to have been understimulated during critical periods of development.
- Genetic or heredity factors such as having a history of autism or SPD in the family.
5 Marks Questions
Question 19.
Explain ASD, ODD and OCD. Give two .causes of each.
Answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of mental disorder which then changes the behaviours. It is a developmental disorder that affects normal brain functioning. People with ASD have repetitive behaviour patterns like flicking a light switch repeatedly, flipping objects etc.
Causes of ASD
- It can be the result of heredity factors, genetic differences and genetic mutations.
- It can also come through abnormal mechanisms of brain development and other neurobiological factors.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a behaviour disorder that usually takes place in early teens. ODD is characterised by irritable mood, anger, revenge, arguments, disobeying, talking back and mood swings. Teenagers going through ODD face a lot of behavioural problems.
Causes of ODD
- Genetics A child’s natural disposition or temperament and possible neurobiological differences in the way nerves and the brain function may cause ODD. ,
- Environment Problems with parenting that may involve lack of supervision, inconsistent or harsh discipline, or abuse or neglect also causes ODD.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a type of mental disorder that takes place in people in middle ages. People with OCD do repetitive behaviours, perform routine tasks repeatedly or have certain thoughts routinely. For example, excessive hand washing, counting of things repeatedly, checking if a door is locked many times etc.
Causes of OCD
- Familial Disorder The disorder may run in the family, therefore close relatives of people with OCD are likely to develop it.
- Behavioural Causes The behavioural theory suggests that people with OCD associate certain objects or situations with fear and learn to avoid those things or learn to perform rituals in order to help reduce the fear or the stress related to that situation.
Question 20.
Elaborate the disabilities etiquettes of person with speech difficulties and language impairment?
Answer:
The disabilities etiquettes of person with speech difficulties are mentioned as below
- Give attention to the person who has difficulty in speaking.
- Keep manner to encourage rather than correcting.
- Give extra time for the conversation and be patient.
- If you have difficulty in understanding, don’t pretend that you do. Repeat as much as you do understand.
The disabilities etiquettes of person with language impairment are mentioned as below
- Use a calm voice and be comfortable. Use simple and short sentences.
- Do not argue with the person.
- Treat each person as an individual with talents and abilities deserving of respect and dignity.
Question 21.
Explain the advantages of physical activities for children with special needs.
Answer:
There are various advantages of physical activities for children with special needs.
These are mentioned below
- It strengthens the heart muscle thereby improving cardiovascular efficiency, lung efficiency and exercise endurance. This helps in controlling repetitive behaviours among disabled children.
- Besides improving fitness, physical activity develops social relationships with other children, teammates and teachers. This brings positive changes in the social behaviour of these children.
- It helps to improve energy level in the body. Regular physical activity often makes children more energetic, allows them to become active.
- It regulates blood pressure, cholesterol level and diabetes. Physical activity reduces stress level.
- It helps to control weight. The children with disabilities are not physically active or may have deficit of calories, which takes fat away and lowers weight but regular exercises help in regulating weight.
- Physical activities help in improving muscle strength, coordination and flexibility among disabled children.
Question 22.
Explain five strategies to make physical activities accessible for children with special needs.
Answer:
The five strategies to make physical activities accessible for children with special needs are as follows
- Inclusive Classrooms It means development of education laws in such a way that children with special needs get education within the normal classrooms along with other children so that they are well accepted in society.
- Assistive Technology It refers to creating devices, tools or equipment that help children with special needs to participate in learning activities like bigger balls, balls with bells, balls attached to strings to bring it back to the students etc.
- Adaptive Physical Education Depending on students’ disability, a separate, adaptive class or modifications within a game, changing the rules of the game or sport to some extent can help the students in a big way.
- Creating Specific Environment Students with special needs can be provided with specific play area with special requirements as needed by them. Loud music, glaring lights often cannot be tolerated by these children so a lot of natural lighting should be there.
- Positive Behaviour In physical education classes, teachers should show positive behaviour and healthy interactions and prevent negative behaviours. The method is to “Prevent, Teach, Reinforce”. This means class material taught through positive interactions, lesson reinforced by referring back to behavioural expectations and evaluating progress.
Value Based Questions
Question 23.
A teacher in a preschool noticed that a child is not singing along with other children. She is not responding even when her name is called. Then the teacher asked the child to
stand next to her and repeat the rhyme along with her, while she prompted her. With effort the child was able to sing like other children of her age.
(i) What do you think the child is suffering from?
(ii) What values are’ shown by the teacher?
(iii) What type of school/classroom is it?
Answer:
(i) The child is suffering from anykind of disorder that is mental in nature such as SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder),
(ii) The values shown by the teacher are compassion who thinks for all. the students, kindness, observant, thoughtfulness and caring attitude for the students.
(iii) The type of school/ classroom is-inclusive because the children with special needs study along. with the other children and are not sent to separate schools.
Question 24.
School programmes need to recognise the essential are of physical activity in the education of children with special needs. In order to develop lifelong habits of good fitness and to provide them with many opportunities for socialisation. Schools need to understand that physical education is not a secondary subject but it is just as important as other skills.
(i) Why is physical education important for children with disabilities?
(ii) Write two steps to create awareness for the need of physical education.
Answer:
(i) Physical education is important for children with disabilities because it helps in improving physical fitness, develops social relationships, brings cognitive development and helps these children in acquiring new skills.
(ii) To Create awareness for the need of physical education, children and parents should be told about its benefits. New courses related.to teaching physical education to children with special needs can be started.