Filtration
- Filtration can be used to separate the insoluble components of a heterogeneous mixture based on differences in particle size but NOT the components of two miscible liquids
Chromatography
- All methods include a system with two phases: a mobile phase (the solution) and a stationary phase (usually the paper)
- The substance being analyzed will have a certain amount of attraction to the stationary phase bcuz of differences in polarity
- If substance is more attracted to mobile phase than paper → it will travel more
- If it is more attracted to stationary phase rather than mobile phase → it will travel less
- If substance is more attracted to mobile phase than paper → it will travel more
Distillation
- Difference in InterMFs and thus boiling points between two liquids allow them to be separated by distillation
- In the vapor above a heated mixture of the two liquids, the compound with the lower BP would dominate → once the vapor cools, the liquid with the lower BP can be collected