Question
Throughout this question the use of a calculator is not permitted.
The complex number \(\sqrt{3}\) + i is denoted by u.
(i) Express u in the form \(re^{i\Theta }\) , where r > 0 and −0 < 1 ≤ 0, giving the exact values of r and 1. Hence or otherwise state the exact values of the modulus and argument of \(u^{4}\)
(ii) Verify that u is a root of the equation\( z^{3}\)− 8z +\sqrt[8]{3}\) = 0 and state the other complex root of this equation.
(iii) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers z satisfying the inequalities| z − u |≤ 2 and Imz ≥ 2, where Im z denotes the imaginary part of z.
Answer/Explanation
State or imply r=2
State or imply\( \Theta =\frac{1}{6}\pi \)
Use a correct method for finding the modulus or the arrangement of \(u^{4}\)
Obtain modulus 16
Obtain argument \(\frac{2}{3}\pi \)
(ii) Substitute u and carry out a correct method for finding \(u^{3}\)
Verify u is a root of the given equation
State that the other root is \(\sqrt{3}-i\)
Alternative Method
State that the other root is \(\sqrt{3}-i\)
Forn the quadratic factor and divide cubic by quadratic
Verify that remainder is zero and hence that u is a root of the given equation
(iii)
Show the point representing u in a relatively correct position.
Show a circle with center u and radius 2
Show the line y=2Shade the correct region
Show that the line and circle4 intersect on x=0
Question
(a) Showing all working and without using a calculator, solve the equation
\( (1+i)z^{2}-(4+3i)z+5+i=0.\)
Give your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.
(b) The complex number u is given by u = −1 − i. On a sketch of an Argand diagram show the point representing u. Shade the region whose points represent complex numbers satisfying the inequalities \(|z|<|z-2i| and \frac{1}{4}\Pi<arg(z-u)<\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer/Explanation
(a) Use quadratic formula to solve for z
Use \( i^{2}1 = −1\) throughout
Obtain correct answer in any form Multiply numerator and denominator by 1 – i, or equivalent
Obtain final answer, e.g. 1 – i
Obtain second final answer, e.g.\(\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{2}i\)
(b) Show the point representing u in relatively correct position
Show the horizontal line through z = i
Show correct half-lines from u, one of gradient 1 and the other vertical
Shade the correct region
Question
Throughout this question the use of a calculator is not permitted.
(a) The complex numbers u and v satisfy the equations
u + 2v = 2i and iu + v = 3.
Solve the equations for u and v, giving both answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [5]
(b) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus representing complex numbers z satisfying \(\left | z+i \right |=1\) and the locus representing complex numbers w satisfying \(arg\left ( w-2 \right )=\frac{3}{4}\pi \) . Find the least value of \(\left | z-w \right |\) for points on these loci.[5]
Answer/Explanation
Ans:
8 (a) EITHER: Solve for u or for v
Obtain \(u=\frac{2i-6}{1-2i}\) or \(v=\frac{5}{1-2i}\), or equivalent
Either: Multiply a numerator and denominator by conjugate of denominator, or equivalent
Or: Set u or v equal to x + iy, obtain two equations by equating real and imaginary parts and solve for x or for y
OR: Using a + ib and c +id for u and v, equate real and imaginary parts and obtain four equations in a, b, c and d
Obtain b + 2d = 2, a + 2c = 0, a + d = 0 and –b + c = 3, or equivalent
Solve for one unknown M1
Obtain final answer u = –2 –2i, or equivalent
Obtain final answer v = l + 2i, or equivalent
(b) Show a circle with centre –i
Show a circle with radius l
Show correct half line from 2 at an angle of \(\frac{3}{4}π\) to the real axis
Use a correct method for finding the least value of the modulus
Obtain final answer \(\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}-1\), or equivalent, e.g. 1.12 (allow 1.1)
Question
(a) The complex number u is given by u = 8 − 15i. Showing all necessary working, find the two
square roots of u. Give answers in the form a + ib, where the numbers a and b are real and exact.
(b) On an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers satisfying
both the inequalities \(|z-2-i|\leq 2 and 0\leqslant arg(z-i)\leqslant \frac{1}{4}\pi\) .
Answer/Explanation
7(a) Square x + iy and equate real and imaginary parts to 8 and –15
Obtain \(x^{2}-y^{2}\) and 2xy = -15
Eliminate one unknown and find a horizontal equation in the other
Obtain\(4x^{4}-32x^{2}-225=0 or 4y^{4}+32y^{2}-225=0\),or three term equivalent
Obtain answers \(\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(5-3i) \)or equivalent
7(b) Show a circle with centre 2 i + in a relatively correct position B1
Show a circle with radius 2 and centre not at the origin B1
Show line through i at an angle of \(\frac{1}{4} π\) to the real axis
Shade the correct region
Question
(a) Without using a calculator, solve the equation
3w + 2iw* = 17 + 8i,
where w* denotes the complex conjugate of w. Give your answer in the form a + bi. [4]
(b) In an Argand diagram, the loci
\(arg\left ( z-2i \right )=\frac{1}{6}\pi \) and \(\left | z-3 \right |=\left | z-3i \right |\)
intersect at the point P. Express the complex number represented by P in the form reiθ, giving the exact value of θ and the value of r correct to 3 significant figures.[5]
Answer/Explanation
Ans:
(a) State or imply 3a + 3bi + 2i(a – bi) = 17 + 8i
Consider real and imaginary parts to obtain two linear equations in a and b
Solve two simultaneous linear equations for a or b
Obtain 7 – 2i
(b) Either Show or imply a triangle with side 2
State at least two of the angles \(\frac{1}{4}\pi ,\frac{2}{3}\pi and \frac{1}{12}\pi\)
State or imply argument is \(\frac{1}{4}\pi \)
Use sine rule or equivalent to find r
Obtain \(6.69e^{\frac{1}{4}\pi i}\)
Or State y = x.
State \(y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}x+2\) or \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^{2}+\left ( y-2 \right )^{2}}}\) or \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{\sqrt{x^{2}+\left ( y-2 \right )^{2}}}\)
State or imply argument is \(\frac{\pi }{4}\)
Solve for x or y.
Obtain \(6.69e^{\frac{1}{4}\pi i}\)
Question
(a) The complex number u is defined by \(u=\frac{3i}{a+2i}\), where a is real.
(i) Express u in the Cartesian form x + iy, where x and y are in terms of a. [3]
(ii) Find the exact value of a for which arg u* \(=\frac{1}{3}\pi\). [3]
(b) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex
numbers z satisfying the inequalities \(|z-2i|\leqslant |z-1-i|\ and |z-2-i|\leqslant 2 \) [4]
(ii) Calculate the least value of arg z for points in this region. [2]
Answer/Explanation
Ans
(a) (i) Multiply numerator and denominator by a – 2i, or equivalent
Use i2 = –1 at least once A1
Obtain answer \(\frac{6}{a^{2}+4}+\frac{3ai}{a^{2}+4}\)
(a) (ii) Either state that arg \(u=-\frac{1}{3}\pi\) or express u* in terms of a (FT on u)
Use correct method to form an equation in a
Obtain answer \(a=-2\sqrt{3} \)
(b) (i) Show the perpendicular bisector of points representing 2i and 1 + i
Show the point representing 2 + i
Show a circle with radius 2 and centre 2 + i
(FT on the position of the point for 2 + i)
Shade the correct region
(b) (ii) State or imply the critical point 2+ 3i
Obtain answer 56.3° or 0.983 radians
Question
(a) The complex numbers v and w satisfy the equations
v + iw = 5 and (1+2i)v-w = 3i.
Solve the equations for v and w, giving your answers in the form x+iy, where x and y are real.
(b) (i) On an Argand diagram, sketch the locus of points representing complex numbers z satisfying |z-2-3i|=1.
(ii) Calculate the least value of arg z for points on this locus.
Answer/Explanation
Ans:
(a) Solve for v or w
Use \(i^2=-1\)
Obtain \(v=-\frac{2i}{1+i}\) or \(w=\frac{5+7i}{-1+i}\)
Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator
Obtain v = -1 – i
Obtain w = 1 – 6i
(b) (i) Show a circle with centre 2 + 3i
Show a circle with radius 1 and centre not at the origin
(ii) Carry out a complete method for finding the least value of arg z
Obtain answer \(40.2^o\) or 0.702 radians
Question
The complex numbers u and v are defined by u = -4 + 2i and v = 3 + i.
(a) Find \(\frac{u}{v}\) in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.
(b) Hence express \(\frac{u}{v}\) in the form \(re^{i\theta}\), where r and \(\theta\) are exact.
In an Argand diagram. with origin O, the points A, B and C represents the complex numbers u, v and 2u+v respectively.
(c) State fully the geometrical relationship between OA and BC.
(d) Prove that angle \(AOB=\frac{3}{4}\pi\).
Answer/Explanation
Ans:
- Multiply numerator and denominator by 3 – i
Obtain numerator -10 +10i or denominator 10
Obtain final answer -1 + i - State or imply \(r=\sqrt{2}\)
State or imply that \(\theta=\frac{3}{4}\pi\) - State that OA and BC are parallel
State that BC = 2OA - Use angle AOB = arg u- arg v = arg\(\frac{u}{v}\)
Obtain the given answer
Alternative method for question 8(d)
Obtain tan AOB from gradients of OA nad OB and the tan(A±B) formula
Obtain the given answer
Alternative method for question 8(d)
Obtain cos AOB by using the cosine rule or a scalar product
Obtain the given answer
Question
The complex number u is defined by u \(\frac{(1+2i)^{2}}{2+i}\)
(i) Without using a calculator and showing your working, express u in the form x + iy, where x and
y are real.
(ii) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the locus of the complex number ß such that |ß − u| = |u|.
Answer/Explanation
(i) Either Expand (1 + 2i)^{2} to obtain –3 + 4i or unsimplified equivalent
Multiply numerator and denominator by 2 – i
Obtain correct numerator –2 + 11i or correct denominator 5
Obtain\( -\frac{2}{5}+\frac{11}{5}i\) or equivalent
Or Expand (1 + 2i)^{2} to obtain –3 + 4i or unsimplified equivalent
Obtain two equations in x and y and solve for x or y
Obtain final answer \(x=-\frac{2}{5}\)
Obtain final answer \(y=\frac{11}{5}\)
(ii) Draw a circle
Show centre at relatively correct position, following their u Draw circle passing through the origin
Question
(a) Find the complex number z satisfying the equation z* + 1 = 2iz, where z* denotes the complex conjugate of z. Give your answer in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.[5]
(b) (i) On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent complex numbers satisfying the inequalities \(\left | z+1-3i \right |\leqslant 1\) and Im \(z\geqslant 3\) , where Im z denotes the imaginary part of z.[4]
(ii) Determine the difference between the greatest and least values of arg z for points lying in this region.[2]
Answer/Explanation
Ans:
(a) Substitute and obtain a correct equation in x and y
Use i2 = − 1 and equate real and imaginary parts
Obtain two correct equations, e.g. x + 2y +1 = 0 and y + 2x = 0
Solve for x or for y
Obtain answer \(z=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3}\) i
(b) (i) Show a circle with centre -1 + 3 i
Show a circle with radius 1
Show the line Im z = 3
Shade the correct region
(ii) Carry out a complete method to calculate the relevant angle
Obtain answer 0.588 radians (accept 33.7°)