IBDP Physics: 9.5 – Doppler effect : IB Style Question Bank:HL Paper 1

Question

On approaching a stationary observer, a train sounds its horn and decelerates at a constant rate. At time t the train passes by the observer and continues to decelerate at the same rate.

Which diagram shows the variation with time of the frequency of the sound measured by the observer?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

The equation for doppler effect may be generalised as

\(\nu _o=\nu_s(\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\pm v_s})\)

where, \(v\) = speed of sound in the medium.

\(v_o\) = speed of the observer with respect to the medium, considered positive when it moves towards the source and negative when it moves away from the source and

\(v_o\) = speed of the source with respect to the medium, considered positive when it moves towards the observer and negative when it moves away from the observer.

Here in the problem , when Train approached stationary observer ,  frequency of the sound measured by the observer is given by

\(\nu _o=\nu_s(\frac{v+ 0}{v- v_s})=\nu_s(\frac{v}{v- v_s})\)
Gien train is de-accelerating mean
\(v_s=v_{s0}-at\) or \( v- v_s = v-(v_{s0}-at)=v-v_{s0}+at\)
or
\(\nu _o =\nu_s\frac{v}{k+at}\) where k is \(v-v_{s0}\)
hence as \(t \uparrow \nu_o \downarrow\)

when Train approached leave observer ,  frequency of the sound measured by the observer is given by

\(\nu _o=\nu_s(\frac{v+ 0}{v+ v_s})=\nu_s(\frac{v}{v+ v_s})\)
Gien train is de-accelerating mean
\(v_s=v_{s0}-at\)  or  \(v+ v_s = v+(v_{s0}-at)=v+v_{s0}-at\)
or
\(\nu _o =\nu_s\frac{v}{k-at} \;where\; k \;is\; v+v_{s0}\)
hence as \(t \uparrow \nu_o \uparrow\)

This is in answer option D

Question

A radar speed gun is used to measure the speed of a car. The car is moving with speed v away from the gun.
 
 
The radar emits microwaves of frequency f and speed c. Which of the following is the frequency of the microwaves measured at the gun after reflection by the car?
 
A. \(f + \left( {\frac{{2v}}{c}f} \right)\)
 
B. \(f + \left( {\frac{v}{c}f} \right)\)
 
C. \(f – \left( {\frac{{2v}}{c}f} \right)\)
 
D. \(f – \left( {\frac{v}{c}f} \right)\)
▶️Answer/Explanation

Markscheme

C
change in frequency in term of  gun is
\(\frac{\Delta f}{f_o}=\beta=\frac{v}{c}\)
Frequency observed by moving car can be calculated as
\(\frac{\Delta f’}{f_o}=\frac{v}{c}\)
\(\Delta f’=-\frac{v}{c}{f_o}\)
\(f’-f_o=-\frac{v}{c}{f_o}\)
\(f’=f_o -\frac{v}{c}{f_o}\)
Frequency observed by Gun after reflection from car
\(\frac{\Delta f”}{f’}=-\frac{v}{c}\)
or
\(\Delta f” =-\frac{v}{c}{f’} =-\frac{v}{c} \times (f_o -\frac{v}{c}{f_o})\)
\(f”-f’ =f_o (-\frac{v}{c} + \frac{v^2}{c^2})\)
\(f” =f’+f_o (-\frac{v}{c} + \frac{v^2}{c^2})\)
\(=f_o -\frac{v}{c}{f_o} +f_o (-\frac{v}{c} + \frac{v^2}{c^2})\)
\(=f_o(1-2\frac{v}{c} +\frac{v^2}{c^2})\)
ignoring \(\frac{v^2}{c^2}\) as \(c^2 \) is very large and given \(f_o=f\)
we get
\(f” ==f(1-2\frac{v}{c}) = f -(2\frac{v}{c}f)\)

Question

A stationary source of sound emits sound of frequency f. A moving observer measures the sound as having the frequency f ′. The observer is moving directly away from the source at a speed that is 30% of the speed of sound in air.

Which of the following gives the correct value for \(\frac{{f’}}{f}\)?

A. \(\frac{7}{{10}}\)

B. \(\frac{10}{{13}}\)

C. \(\frac{13}{{10}}\)

D. \(\frac{10}{{7}}\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Markscheme

A

The equation for doppler effect may be generalised as

\(f’=f(\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\mp v_s})\)
In the given case  \(v_s=0\) and \(v_o = 0.3v_s\)
Hence
\(\frac{f’}{f}=\frac{v-v_o}{v}=\frac{v-0.3v}{v}=0.7=\frac{7}{10}\)

Question

During a journey an observer travels at constant speed towards, and then goes beyond, a stationary emitter of sound.

The frequency of the sound as measured at the emitter is \(f\). The frequency according to the observer

A.     is always greater than \(f\).

B.     is always equal to \(f\).

C.     is always less than \(f\).

D.     varies during the journey.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Markscheme

D

Doppler shift is given by

\(f’=f(\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\mp v_s})\)
when Observer going towards stationary source \(v_s=0\) and \(v_o\) is positive

\(f’=f(\frac{v+ v_o}{v})\)
when Observer going away from stationary source \(v_s=0\) and \(v_o\) is negative
\(f’=f(\frac{v- v_o}{v})\)

Question

Which of the following wave phenomena is associated with blood flow measurements?

A.     Polarization

B.     Diffraction

C.     Refraction

D.     Doppler effect

▶️Answer/Explanation

Markscheme

D

Doppler effect is utilizes to measure movement or flow in the body. 

Question

A source of sound approaches a stationary observer. The speed of the emitted sound and its wavelength, measured at the source, are \(\nu \) and \(\lambda \) respectively. Which of the following is the wave speed and the wavelength, as measured by the stationary observer?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Markscheme

C

\(f’=f(\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\mp v_s})\)
when source of going towards stationary observer  \(v_0=0\)  and \(v_s\)  is negative

Hence
\(f’=f(\frac{v+0}{v-v_s})=f(\frac{v}{v-v_s})\)  hence \(f’ >f\)
Now \(v = f\lambda\)
hence  \(\lambda'<\lambda\) . Speed of sound = wave speed does not change

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