NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Civics Social Science Chapter 1 : Power-sharing

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2: Federalism

NCERT solutions for class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 – Federalism are provided here in PDF. You can access these free NCERT solutions to read the precise and the most reliable answers.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics Chapter 2 – Federalism contain the best explained answers to all the exercise questions given in the last of this chapter. All these solutions have been prepared according to the guidelines mentioned in the CBSE marking scheme. So, these solutions will be of great help for students to understand the answer writing skills. All the NCERT Solutions are provided here in the readable and downloadable formats.

Check below the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 2:

NCERT Solutions Class 10

Political Science

Chapter 2: Federalism

Exercises

1. Locate the following States on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.

Answer: 

2. Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.

Answer:

 

3. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.

Answer:

Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium – the central government has to share its powers with the regional or the state governments.

Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium – Unlike India, Belgium has a community government in addition to the central and the state government.

4. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.

Answer:

Federal form of government

Unitary form of government

There is a sharing of power between the state and the central governments.

For example – In India, there is union government at the centre and the state governments at the state level.

In this form of government, the central government has all the powers and there is no role of the state governments.

For example – In Sri Lanka and Britain, the national government has all the powers.

5. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.

Answer:

Local government before 1992

Local government after 1992

1. Elections to the local governments were not held regularly.

1. Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.

2. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.

2. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.

6. Fill in the blanks:


Since the United States is a ___________________ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ______________vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a _____________________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the ____________ government has more powers.

Answer:

Since the United States is a coming together type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the central government has more powers.

7. Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.

Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.

Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.

Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.

Answer:

Sangeeta’s view that the policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity is a correct reaction to the language policy followed in India. There are several regional or local languages spoken in the country. By introducing the language policy, the Indian government has given equal status to all the languages in the country. Due to this policy, India stands in unity with states having different languages.

8. The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:

(a) The national government gives some powers to the provincial governments.

(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.

(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.

(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

Answer: (d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

9. A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.

A. Defence; B. Police; C. Agriculture; D. Education; E. Banking; F. Forests; G. Communications; H. Trade; I. Marriages

Union List

 

State List

 

Concurrent List

 

Answer:

Union List

Defence, Banking, Communications

State List

Police, Agriculture, Trade

Concurrent List

Education, Forests, Marriages

10. Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(a) State government

State List

(b) Central government

Union List

(c) Central and State governments

Concurrent List

(d) Local governments

Residuary powers

Answer:

(d) Local governments

Residuary powers

11. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I

List-II

1. Union of India

A. Prime Minister

2. State

B. Sarpanch

3. Municipal Corporation

C. Governor

4. Gram Panchayat

D. Mayor

Codes:

 

1

2

3

4

(a)

D

A

B

C

(b)

B

C

D

A

(c)

A

C

D

B

(d)

C

D

A

B

Answer:

 

1

2

3

4

(c)

A

C

D

B

12. Consider the following two statements.

A. In a federation, the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.

B. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.

C. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.

D. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) A, B and C

(b) A, C and D

(c) A and B only

(d) B and C only

Answer: (c) A and B only

Federalism CBSE Class 10 Democratic Policies Extra Questions

 

According to new CBSE Exam Pattern, MCQ Questions For Class 10 Social Science with Answers Carries 20 Marks.

Question-1
What is Federalism?
Solution:
Federalism is the advocacy of federal political orders, where the final authority is divided between sub-units and a centre. Unlike a unitary state, sovereignty is constitutionally split between at least two territorial levels so that units at each level have final authority and can act independently of the others in some area. In such a case citizens have political obligations to two authorities. The allocation of authority between the sub-unit and centre may vary.
The federal system thus has dual objectives that is to safeguard and promote unity of the country and accommodate regional diversity.
Governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power sharing. An ideal federal system has both aspects; mutual trust and agreement to live together.

You can also download Maths NCERT Solutions Class 10 to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Question-2
What makes India a Federal Country?
Solution:
India is a nation with many languages, religions and regions. It emerged as an independent nation after a long and painful partition. Several princely states became a part of the country soon after independence. India was declared as a Union of States, by the Constitution.
The Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism. The Constitution earlier provided a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (Central Government), representing the Union of India and the State governments. Later, Panchayats and Municipalities were added as a third tier of federalism. All these different forms of government enjoy separate jurisdiction.

Question-3
Write a brief note on the language policy adopted in India.
Solution:
The ‘Language policy’ was the second test for Indian federation. No language was given the status of national language by our Constitution. Hindi was identified as the official language. But only about 40 per cent of Indians have Hindi as their mother tongue. Therefore, 21 other languages besides Hindi, are recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages.
States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State.
The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid any conflict based on languages.
Question-4
Write a brief note on village councils.
Solution:
Village Councils looked after the affairs of the village, had police and judicial powers and were the lines of contact with higher authorities on matters affecting the villages. Custom and religion elevated them to a sacred position of authority.
These Councils were the pivot of administration, the centre of social life, and, above all, a focus of social solidarity.
Question-5
What are the dual objectives of Federalism?
Solution:
The dual objectives of Federalism are to safeguard and promote unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity.
Question-6
What are the duties of a Central and State governments?
Solution:
The duties of the Union or Central Government include subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. This is because, a uniform policy on these matters will be maintained throughout the country. All the laws pertaining to the above duties must be given only by the Union Government.
The duties of the State Governments include subjects of the State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. All the laws pertaining to the above duties must be given only by the State Governments.
Some aspects have to be taken care of, by both, the Union Government as well as the State Governments. They are education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both governments can make laws on these subjects. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Question-7
What is the special status the state of Jammu and Kashmir enjoys?
Solution:
Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a special status. It has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.

Multiple Choice Questions

Previous Years Questions
1. How many times was the constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993 ? 
(a) Two times
(b) Three times
(c) Four times
(d) Onetime

2. Which of the following government has two or more levels ? 
(a) Community Government
(b) Coalition Government
(c) Federal Government
(d) Unitary Government

3. Which of the following subjects falls under the concurrent list ? 
(a) Defence
(b) Agriculture
(c) Marriage
(d) Currency

4. Which of the following countries is an example of “coming together federation” ? 
(a) U.S.A
(b) India
(c) Spain
(d) Belgium

NCERT Questions
5. The distinguishingfeature of a federal government is:
(a) National Government gives some powers to the provincial government.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.

6. Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?

(a) State governmentState List
(b) Central governmentUnion List
(c) Central and State governmentsConcurrent List
(d) Local governmentsResiduary powers

7. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :

List 1List II
(i) Union of IndiaA. Prime Minister
(ii) StateB.Sarpanch
(iii) Municipal CorporationC. Governor
(iv) Gram PanchayatD. Mayor
 (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
(a)DABC
(b)BCDA
(c)ACDB
(d)CDAB

8. Consider the following statements.
(i) In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly democrated.
(ii) India is a federation because the powers of the Union and state governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
(iii) Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
(iv) India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a) (i), (ii), (iii)
(b) (i), (iii), (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) only
(d) (ii), (iii) only

Additional Questions
9. Consider the statement:
“Coming together federation” involves:
(i) the central government to become more powerful.
(ii) Independent states coming together on their own to form bigger unit.
(iii) Constituent units have unequal powers.
(iv) Constituent states have equal powers.
Which of the statements given above are correct
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) only
(c) (ii) and (iv) only
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv).

10. The Constitution of India
(a) divided powers between centre and states in three lists.
(b) divided powers between centre and states in two lists.
(c) listed the powers of the states and left the undefined powers to the state.
(d) Specified the powers of the states and left the residuary powers with the centre.

11. In case of a clash between the laws made by the centre and a state on a subject in the concurrent list:
(a) the state law prevails.
(b) the central law prevails.
(c) both the laws prevail within their respective jurisdictions.
(d) the Supreme Court has to intervene to decide.

12. The System of Panchayati Raj involves
(a) The village, block and district levels.
(b) The village, and state levels.
(c) The village district and state levels.
(d) The village, state and Union levels.

13. The concept of decentralisation signifies
(a) The three tier government at the urban level.
(b) The two tier government at only rural level
(c) Power taken away from central and state government and given to local government at both the urban and rural levels.
(d) Autonomy given to the state government.

14. In India’s federal system, the state governments have the power to legislate on all those subjects which are included in the :
(a) Union list
(b) State list
(c) Concurrent list
(d) Residuary subjects

15. Which of the following subjects is not included in the state list ?
(a) Law and order
(b) National defence
(c) Education
(d) Agriculture

16. The highest institution of Panchayati Raj in rural area is:
(a) Gram Sabha
(b) Gram Panchayat
(c) Zila Parishad
(d) Gram Samiti

17. Match the followi