NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Geography Social Science Chapter 1 : Resources and Development

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development

Page 12 Q1:

Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?
a. Renewable
b. Biotic.
c. Flow
d. Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
a. Replenishable
b. Abiotic
c. Human-made.
d. Non-recyclable

(iii)Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in
Punjab?
a. Intense cultivation
b. Deforestation
c. Over irrigation
d. Overgrazing

(iv) In which one of the following states is the terrace cultivation practiced?
a. Punjab
b. Haryana
c. Plains of Uttar Pradesh
d. Uttaranchal

(v) In which one of the following states is the black soil found?
a. J & K
b. Gujarat
c. Rajasthan
d. Jharkhand

(i) (d) Non-renewable
(ii) (a) Replenishable
(iii) (c) Over irrigation
(iv) (d) Uttarakhand
(v) (b) Gujarat

Page 13:

Q.2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern Coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
(iv) What are biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

(i) The states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have black soil. The crop which is mainly grown in this soil is cotton. This soil is also called ‘Regur’ or black cotton soil.
(ii) The river deltas of the eastern coast have alluvial soil.
Alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
The main features of alluvial soil are:
(a) These soils are very fertile and so ideal for cultivation.
(b) They contain adequate quantities of potash, phosphoric acid and lime good for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, and other crops.
(c) In drier areas these soils are more alkaline.
(iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by contour ploughing which is ploughing along contour-lines, using terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water.(iv)
Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. Examples of biotic resources are animals, plants, human beings, fish, livestock etc.
Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources.
Examples of abiotic resources are, water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

Q3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

1) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, pasture and grazing land, and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land used for non-agricultural purposes like housing, roads, industry etc.

According to recent data available the percentage of net sown area (NSA) in India is about 54% of the total reporting area (if, the other than current fallow lands is included). . 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.
Improper use of forest land has led to land degradation and made conservation of forests difficult.
Human activities like deforestation,overgrazing, mining , quarrying etc have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.
(ii) The following factors have been responsible for technical and economic development leading to over consumption of resources .
In colonial times, imperial powers used their technological and economic superiority to establish control over other countries and thereby gain access to the latter’s resources. One country’s resources were accessible to the citizens of its colonial ruler too, leading to increased consumption.
Technical progress also results in efficient machinery, increased production and greater consumption of resources.

Technological development and economic progress has led to populations increasing due to low mortality at all ages. With new developments in medicine and health care, fewer people die due to accidents, diseases, in childbirth etc. This too has contributed to higher consumption of resources.

Mulitiple Choice Questions

1. Resources which are surveyed and their quantity and quality have been determined for utilisation is known as 
(a) Potential resources
(b) Stock
(c) Developed resources
(d) Reserves

2. Which one of the following soil is ideal for growing cotton? 
(a) Regur soil
(b) Laterite soil
(c) Desert soil
(d) Mountainous soil

3. In which of the following states is overgrazing responsible for land degradation? 
(a) Jharkhand and Orissa
(b) Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
(c) Punjab and Haryana
(d) Kerala and Tamil Nadu

4. Which one of the following statements is true about the term resources? 
(a) Resources are free gifts of nature.
(b) They are the functions of human activities.
(c) All those things which are found in nature.
(d) Things which cannot be used to fulfill our needs.

5. Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore ?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

6. Under which of the following types of resource the tidal energy can be put ?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable

7. Soil formed by intense leaching is
(a) Alluvial soil
(b) Red soil
(c) Laterite soil
(d) Desert

8. Fallow land refers to
(a) land not under cultivation.
(b) land with many gullies.
(c) a fertile land.
(d) cultivable land not cultivated for a season to regain its fertility.

9. Method of growing long strips of grass between the crops refers to
(a) Contour ploughing
(b) Terrace farming
(c) Strip cropping
(d) Crop rotation

10. Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised.
(a) Renewable
(b) Developed
(c) National
(d) Potential

11. Which of the following factors involves the transformation of things into a resource ?
(i) Physical environment
(ii) Technology
(iii) Human beings
(iv) Institutions
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) All of above

12. Renewable resources are those
(a) which cannot be renewed
(b) which are accessible
(c) which are developed
(d) which are renewed by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.

13. Which one of the following is not a community resource ?
(a) Public parks
(b) A library
(c) A car
(d) A community hall

14. Territorial waters of India extends to
(a) 10 Nautical miles
(b) 15 Nautical miles
(c) 12 Nautical miles
(d) 1900 kilometres

15. Find out which one of the following is a stock?
(a) Biofuels
(b) Coal
(c) Solar energy
(d) Hydro-electricity

16. The first International Earth Summit was held in
(a) Geneva
(b) New York
(c) Japan
(d) Rio de Janeiro

17. “There is enough for everybody’s need but not for anybody’s greed”. Who said this ?
(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru
(b) Atal Bihari Vajpai
(c) M. K. Gandhi
(d) Sunder Lai Bhauguna

18. The area brought under cultivation in a year is called …………….
(a) Fallow land
(b) Cultivable
(c) Net sown area
(d) Gross sown area

19. I am the most widespread soil, covering the Northern Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains-who am I ?
(a) Black soil
(b) Forest soil
(c) Red soil
(d) Alluvial soil

20. Resources which are non-renewable but can be recycled are called
(a) Renewable resources
(b) Non-renewable resources
(c) Recyclable resources
(d) Biotic resources

21. The most widespread relief feature of India is
(a) Mountains
(b) Forests
(c) Plains
(d) Plateaus

22. The current net sown area of India in 2002-03 is
(a) 45 percent
(b) 43.4 percent
(c) 50 percent
(d) 48 percent

23. The state having maximum net sown area in India is ……………
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Punjab

24. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called
(a) Culturable waste land
(b) Current fallow land
(c) Waste land
(d) None of the above

25. The present per cent of area under forests is (2002 – 03)
(a) 18 percent
(b) 22.57 percent
(c) 19 percent
(d) 11 percent

26. The factor responsible for maximum land degradation is ………………
(a) Human activities
(b) Wind
(c) Salinity
(d) Soil erosion

27. Which agent is responsible for maximum land degradation ?
(a) Wind
(b) Water
(c) Glaciers
(d) Overgrazing

28. Soil is formed by the process of
(a) Denudation
(b) Gradation
(c) Weathering
(d) Erosion

29. Supply a technical term for the dead and decomposed material found on the top soil.
(a) Bed rock
(b) Fossils
(c) Humidity
(d) Humus

30. The old alluvial soil is known as ………………
(a) Bangar
(b) Bhabbar
(c) Khadar
(d) Regur

31. Which of the following statement(s) is true for black soil ?
(i) It has larger proportion of clay.
(ii) It can retain moisture for a long time.
(iii) It develops cracks during summer which helps in aeration.
(iv) Cotton grows best in this soil.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) All of the above

32. Red colour of soil is due to
(a) it is rich in humus.
(b) it is rich in iron compounds.
(c) it is derived from volcanic origin.
(d) it is rich in potash.

33. The denudation of the soil cover and washing down of soil by various agents are known as ………………
(a) Weathering
(b) Gradation
(c) Soil erosion
(d) Soil conservation

34. The land consisting of many gullies and ravines are called ……………….
(a) Gully erosion
(b) Bed rock
(c) V shaped valleys
(d) Bad land

35. Terrace cultivation can be used to control soil erosion in
(a) Desert regions
(b) Hill slopes
(c) Valleys
(d) Plains

36.Strip cropping refers to
(a) growing of crops in long strips.
(b) growing of trees in long rows.
(c) growing of strips of grass in between the crops.
(d) ploughing along the contour lines.

37. Erosion of the top soil when water flows as a sheet over large areas down the slope is called
(a) Gully erosion
(b) Badlands
(c) Soil erosion
(d) Sheet erosion

38. Which one of the following statements is correct as regards to international resources ?
(a) Resources which are regulated by international institutions.
(b) Resources which lie beyond the territorial waters.
(c) Resources which are found along the international frontier.
(d) Resources which are not yet developed.

39. Which one of the following methods is ideal for controlling land degradation in coastal areas and in deserts ?
(a) Strip cropping
(b) Contour ploughing
(c) Planting of shelter belts
(d) Plugging of gullies

40. Which type of soil is suitable for the growth of cashew nut ?
(a) Alluvial soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Red soil
(d) Red laterite soil

41. Arid soils are less fertile as
(i) it lacks humus and moisture
(ii) it has high salt content
(iii) it is sandy in nature
(iv) it is rich in Iron
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii)

42. Ploughing along the contour lines can
(a) accelerate the flow of water.
(b) decelerate the flow of water.
(c) accelerate the force of winds.
(d) decelerate the force of winds.

43. Bad lands or ravines are found in
(a) Chenab basin
(b) Chambal basin
(c) Ganga basin
(d) Godavari basin

ANSWERS