NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The story of village Palampur (Updated for 2021 – 22)

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the main reason behind growing three different crops in a year?
Answer:
The village has a well-developed system of irrigation.

Question 2.
What are the main factors of production?
Answer:
Land, labour, physical capital and human capital.

Question 3.
Machinery, work plants, equipments, new technology, buildings are the example of
Answer:
Fixed capital

Question 4.
Consumption of chemical fertilisers is highest in which State of India?
Answer:
Punjab

Question 5.
The quality of resources which can be improved through investment in education and training is the _______ .
Answer:
Human capital

Question 6.
Why is there heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in village Palampur?
Answer:
Because people are ready to work for lower wages.

Question 7.
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is called _______ .
Answer:
Multiple cropping.

Question 8.
The use of higher yields with combination of HYV (High Yielding Varieties) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. refers to _______ .
Answer:
Modern cropping.

Question 9.
One of the important non-farming activities besides farming in Palampur is _______ .
Answer:
Dairy farming.

Question 10.
Some shopkeepers in Palampur buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. This process is called .
Answer:
Trading (exchange of goods).

Question 11.
Name two crops that grow in the rainy season.
Answer:
Jowar and bajra

Question 12.
Money in hand and raw materials are an example of _______ .
Answer:
Working capital

Question 13.
When were the high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds introduced to the Indian farmers? -<§01
Answer:
In the late 1960s

Question 14.
What is the main production activity in Palampur village?
Answer:
Farming is the main production activity in Palampur village.

Question 15.
What do you understand by the Green Revolution?
Answer:
Green Revolution was started in the late 1960s in the field of agriculture, under this revolution, modern methods of farming were adopted to increase agriculture product.

Question 16.
Who are the small farmers?
Answer:
Small farmers are those farmers who have less than 2 hectares of land.

Question 17.
How many people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities?
Answer:
25% people of Palampur village were engaged in non-farming activities.

Question 18.
What is the full form of HYV?
Answer:
High-Yielding Varieties.

Question 19.
How can you say that the use of modern farming methods is beneficial for Indian farmers?
Answer:
By using modern farming methods, Indian farmers are able to produce much greater amount of grains on a single plant. There is a large increase in the production of wheat. Using these methods, the farmers have greater amounts of surplus wheat to sell in the markets.

Question 20.
What is the most abundant factor of production?
Answer:
Labour is the most abundant factor of production.

Question 21.
From where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur?
Answer:
Village moneylenders

Question 22.
Why do the farmers of Palampur follow multiple cropping?
Answer:
It is because this method is the most common way of increasing production.

Question 23.
What is meant by working capital?
Answer:
Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Question 24.
Give two examples of fixed capital.
Answer:
Machines and buildings.

Question 25.
What role do markets play in the expansion of non-farm activities?
Answer:
Goods and services produced are sold in the markets.

Question 26.
What is multiple cropping?
Answer:
Multiple cropping means growing more than one crop on the same piece of land in a year.

Question 27.
Name the Indian states that tried out the modern farming methods at first.
Answer:
Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming methods in India.

Question 28.
What is measured as the crop produced on given piece of land during a single season?
Answer:
Yield is measured as crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

Question 29.
What are the constituents of modern farming methods?
Answer:
The constituents of modern farming methods are use of high yielding variety of seeds, using chemical fertilisers and pesticides, as well as using plenty of water for irrigation.

Question 30.
Mention one difference between land and capital.
Answer:
Land is a natural resource whereas capital is man-made factor of production.

Question 31.
What is the harmful effect of continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation?
Answer:
The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.

Question 32.
What is aim of production?
Answer:
The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the essential four requirements for production?
Answer:
The essential four requirements for production of goods and services are :

• Land, and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals.
• Labour, i.e., people who will do the work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.?
• The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
• The fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.

Question 2.
Mention the main features of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The main features of Green Revolution are :

• Increase in the production of wheat and rice.
• Use of chemical fertilizers.
• Use of insecticides and pesticides.
• Use of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
• Mechanisation of agriculture. (Any three)

Question 3.
What are the harmful effects of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The harmful effects of the Green Revolution are :

• The Green Revolutions is responsible for the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers.
• The chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But, these may not be retained in the soil for long.

Question 4.
What do you mean by working capital?
Answer:
Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike tools, machines and buildings, these are used up in production.

Question 5.
What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Answer:
The biggest disadvantage associated with HYV seeds is the requirement of plenty of water and chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. Chemical fertilisers and pesticides degrade our environment by killing necessary bacteria in soil. Poor farmers can not afford HYV seeds due to increased requirement of fertilisers and machinery. New machinery replaced manual labour leading to unemployment and rural-urban migration.

Question 6.
Discuss dairy farming, a non-farming, activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:
Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass, the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village.
Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

Question 7.
Discuss small-scale manufacturing, a non-farming activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:

• Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur.
• Unlike the manufacturing that takes place in the big factories in the towns and cities, manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale.
• They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour. Rarely are labourers hired.

Question 8.
Describe transportation, a non-farming activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:

• There are varieties of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
• Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport services.
• They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

Question 9.
How did Mishrilal managed to get a small profit in his business?
Answer:
Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine that run on electricity and has set it up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullocks, but people prefer to do it by machines these days.

Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders at Shahpur. In the process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.

Question 10.
What do you mean by physical capital? What are the items that come under physical capital?
Answer:
Physical capital includes the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. The following items come under the category of physical capital:
(a) Tools, machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc. Tools, machines, building can be used in production over many years.
(b) Raw materials and money in hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Question 11.
Write a short note on shopkeeping, a non-farming activity in village Palampur.
Answer:
There are very less people involved in trade in Palampur. The traders of Palampur are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. There are small general stores in the village selling a wide range of items like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil, biscuits, soap, toothpaste, batteries, candles, notebooks, pen, pencil, even some clothes. A few of the families whose houses are close to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables.

Question 12.
What are the various types of crops grown in village Palampur?
Answer:
The entire land is cultivated in village Palampur. There are different types of crops grown in the village.
During the rainy season (kharif,) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane, in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur.

Question 13.
What do you mean by surplus? How is the sale of surplus farm products done?
Answer:
Surplus is the difference between the quantity of total production of the crop produced by the farmer and the quantity that he keeps for self-consumption.

Medium and large farmers produce a large surplus of the crop. By selling this surplus crop in the market, they earn income. The traders at the market buy the crop and sell it further to the shopkeepers in the towns and cities.

Question 14.
How is the required capital in farming arranged?
Answer:

• Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
• In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are, thus, able to arrange for the capital needed.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village?
Answer:
Palampur is a well-developed village because :

• This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering.
• The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses, some of which are of mud and straw.
• Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
• Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.

Question 2.
Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
Both fixed capital and working capital come under the category of physical capital which is one of the four requirements for production of goods and services.

(i) Fixed Capital :

• It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
• Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, etc.
• It includes tools, machines, buildings, computers, etc.

(ii) Working Capital :

• It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time at the time of production.
• Whatever money and raw material are required for production, are included in it.
• It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.

Question 3.
What are the main reasons to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur?
Answer:
The main reasons to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur are :

• To grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to the well-developed system of irrigation. Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation.
• Persian wheels were, till then, used by farmers to draw water from the wells and to irrigate small fields. People saw that the electric-run tubewells could irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively.
• The first few tubewells were installed by the government. Soon, however, farmers started setting up private tubewells.
• As a result, by mid-1970s, the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares (ha.) was irrigated.

Question 4.
What is meant by the Green Revolution? Mention some of its important features.
Answer:

• The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.
• As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.
• HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
• Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation, and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.
• Some of them bought farra-machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

Question 5.
What are the features of traditional methods of farming?
Answer:
The features of traditional methods of farming are :

• Traditional seeds are used in this farming.
• Irrigation depends upon monsoons.
• Wooden tools and equipment are used.
• Bullock carts are used to plough land.
• The production is done for family use.
• Manure and cow dung are used to increase the fertility of the soil.

Question 6.
What are the ill effects of the Green Revolution?
Answer:
The ill effects of the Green Revolution are :

• The Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizer.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.
• Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.
• Modern farming methods used under the Green Revolution have overused the natural resources base. Maximum forestland was converted into agricultural land.
• The Green Revolution was limited only up to few states like Punjab and Haryana.

Question 7.
How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur?
Answer:
In Palampur, about one-third of the 450 families are landless, i.e., 150 families. Most of them are dalits, and have no land for cultivation.

240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. Cultivation of such plots doesn’t bring adequate income to the farmer’s family.

On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size.
In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.