IB DP Geography: Past Years Question Bank with Solution

Time: 90 minutes (40 marks)
Answer the questions in two options
No marks deducted from incorrect answers
The accompanying geography resource booklet is required for this examination paper.

Option Questions

Option	Questions
Option A — Freshwater	1 – 2
Option B — Oceans and coastal margins	3 – 4
Option C — Extreme environments	5 – 6
Option D — Geophysical hazards	7 – 8
Option E — Leisure, tourism and sport	9 – 10
Option F — Food and health	11 – 12
Option G — Urban environments	13 – 14

Time: 135 minutes (60 marks)
Answer the questions in three options.
No marks deducted from incorrect answers
The accompanying geography resource booklet is required for this examination paper.

Option Questions

Option	Questions
Option A — Freshwater	1 – 2
Option B — Oceans and coastal margins	3 – 4
Option C — Extreme environments	5 – 6
Option D — Geophysical hazards	7 – 8
Option E — Leisure, tourism and sport	9 – 10
Option F — Food and health	11 – 12
Option G — Urban environments	13 – 14

Topic 1 – Core: Populations in transition

Topic 2 – Core: Disparities in wealth and development

Topic 3 – Core: Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability

Topic 4 – Core: Patterns in resource consumption

Option A: Freshwater—issues and conflicts

The water system
- The hydrological cycle
- The water balance
Drainage basins and flooding
- Drainage basins
- Discharge
- Hydrographs
- Floods
Management issues and strategies
- Dams and reservoirs
- Floodplain management
- Groundwater management
- Freshwater wetland management
- Irrigation and agriculture
Competing demands for water
- Conflicts at the local or national scale
- Conflicts at the international scale

Option B: Oceans and their coastal margins

Introduction to oceans
- Distribution of oceans
- Morphology of oceans
- Oceanic water
Oceans and climate
- Energy transfers
- El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)\
- Carbon dioxide
The value of oceans
- Resource base
- Fishing
- Case study
- Waste
Geopolitics of oceans
- Sovereignty rights
- Conflict
Coastal margins
- Physical characteristics
- Management strategies
- Case study
Coral reefs and mangroves
- Development
- Causes and consequences

Option C: Extreme environments

Challenging environments
- Global distribution of extreme environments
- Population
The physical characteristics of extreme environments
- Glacial environment
- Periglacial environment
- Hot, arid environments (hot deserts and semi‑arid areas)
Opportunities and challenges for management
- Agriculture
- Mineral extraction
- Tourism
Sustainability
- Human activity
- Impact

Option D: Hazards and disasters—risk assessment and response

Characteristics of hazards
- Characteristics
Vulnerability
- Vulnerable populations
- Vulnerability
Risk and risk assessment
- Analysis of risk
- Hazard event prediction
Disasters
- Definition
- Measuring disasters
Adjustments and responses to hazards and disasters
- Responses to the risk of hazard events
- Before the event
- Short‑term, mid‑term and long‑term responses after the event

Option E: Leisure, sport and tourism

Leisure
- Definitions
Leisure at the international scale: tourism
- Changes in demand
- Changes in supply
Leisure at the international scale: sport
- International participation and success
- Case study of a contemporary international sports event
Leisure at the national/regional scale: tourism
- Case study of a national tourist industry
- Case study of ecotourism
- Tourism as a development strategy
Leisure at the national/regional scale: sport
- Case study of a national sports league
Leisure at the local scale: tourism
- Tourism management in urban areas
- Tourism management in rural areas
Leisure at the local scale: sport and recreation
- The leisure hierarchy
- Intra‑urban spatial patterns
- Urban regeneration
Sustainable tourism
- Sustainable tourism

Option F: The geography of food and health

Health
- Variations in health
- Measuring health
- Prevention relative to treatment
Food
- Global availability of food
- Areas of food sufficiency and deficiency
- Case study
- Production and markets
- Addressing imbalances
- Sustainable agriculture
Disease
- Global patterns of disease
- The spread of disease
- Geographic factors and impacts

Option G: Urban environments

Urban populations
- Urbanization
- Inward movement
- Outward movement
- Natural change
- The global megacity
Urban land use
- Residential areas
- Areas of economic activity
Urban stress
- Urban microclimate
- Other types of environmental and social stress
The sustainable city
- The city as a system
- Case studies
- Sustainable strategies

HL extension: Global interactions

Measuring global interactions
- Global participation
- Global core and periphery
Changing space—the shrinking world
- Time–space convergence and the reduction in the friction of distance
- Extension and density of networks
Economic interactions and flows
- Financial flows
- Labour flows
- Information flows
Environmental change
- Degradation through raw material production
- The effects of transnational manufacturing and services
- Transboundary pollution
- Homogenization of landscapes
Sociocultural exchanges
- Cultural diffusion: the process
- Consumerism and culture
- Sociocultural integration
Political outcomes
- Loss of sovereignty
- Responses
Global interactions at the local level
- Defining glocalization
- Adoption of globalization
- Local responses to globalization
  Alternatives