IBDP Geography: Study Guide and Notes

Drainage basin hydrology and geomorphology
- How physical processes influence drainage basin systems and landforms
Flooding and flood mitigation
- How physical and human factors exacerbate and mitigate flood risk for different places
Water scarcity and water quality
- The varying power of different actors in relation to water management issues
Water management futures
- Future possibilities for management intervention in drainage basins

Ocean–atmosphere interactions
- How physical processes link Earth’s atmospheric and ocean systems
Interactions between oceans and coastal places
- How coastal places are shaped by their interactions with oceans
Managing coastal margins
- The varying power of different stakeholders in relation to coastal margin management
Ocean management futures
- Future possibilities for managing the oceans as a global commons

The characteristics of extreme environments
- Why some places are considered to be extreme environments.
Physical processes and landscapes
- How physical processes create unique landscapes in extreme environments.
Managing extreme environments
- The varying power of different stakeholders to extract economic value from extreme environments.
Extreme environments futures
- Future possibilities for managing extreme environments and their communities

Geophysical systems
- How geological processes give rise to geophysical events of differing type and magnitude
Geophysical hazard risks
- How geophysical systems generate hazard risks for different places
Hazard risk and vulnerability
- The varying power of geophysical hazards to affect people in different local contexts
Future resilience and adaptation
- Future possibilities for lessening human vulnerability to geophysical hazards

Changing leisure patterns
- How human development processes give rise to leisure activities
Tourism and sport at the local and national scale
- How physical and human factors shape places into sites of leisure
Tourism and sport at the international scale
- The varying power of different countries to participate in global tourism and sport
Managing tourism and sport for the future
- Future possibilities for management of, and participation in, tourism and sport at varying scales

Measuring food and health
- Ways of measuring disparities in food and health between places
Food systems and spread of diseases
- How physical and human processes lead to changes in food production and consumption, and incidence and spread of disease
Stakeholders in food and health
- The power of different stakeholders in relation to influence over diets and health
Future health and food security and sustainability
- Future possibilities for sustainable agriculture and improved health

The variety of urban environments
- The characteristics and distribution of urban places, populations and economic activities
Changing urban systems
- How economic and demographic processes bring change over time to urban systems
Urban environmental and social stresses
- The varying power of different stakeholders in relation to the experience of, and management of, urban stresses
Building sustainable urban systems for the future
- Future possibilities for the sustainable management of urban system.

Population and economic development patterns
- How population varies between places
Changing populations and places
- Processes of population change and their effect on people and places
Challenges and opportunities
- Population possibilities and power over the decision-making process

Causes of global climate change
- How natural and human processes affect the global energy balance
Consequences of global climate change
- The effects of global climate change on places, societies and environmental systems
Responding to global climate change
- Possibilities for responding to climate change and power over the decision-making process

Global trends in consumption
- How natural and human processes affect the global energy balance
Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
- How pressure on resources affects the future security of places
Resource stewardship
- Possibilities for managing resources sustainably and power over the decision-making process

Global interactions and global power
- How global power and influence varies spatially
Global networks and flows
- How different places become interconnected by global interactions
Human and physical influences on global interactions
- How political, technological and physical processes influence global interactions

Development opportunities
- Ways of supporting the processes of human development
Changing identities and cultures
- How global interactions bring cultural influences and changes to places
Local responses to global interactions
- The varying power of local places and actors to resist or accept change

Geopolitical and economic risks
- How technological and globalizing processes create new geopolitical and economic risks for individuals and societies
Environmental risks
- How global interactions create environmental risks for particular places and people
Local and global resilience
- New and emerging possibilities for managing global risks