IB DP Biology- B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization - IB Style Questions For HL Paper 1- New Syllabus
Question
Some viral infections can lead to the rupture of the lysosome membrane. Which prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely correct?
A. Enzymes will be released that will specifically target the virus.
B. Cellular osmotic concentrations will change, preventing viral entry into the cell.
C. Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell death.
D. Intracellular digestion of organic materials will increase, which will increase the energy available to the cell for fighting the virus.
Answer/Explanation
Answer: C. Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell death.
Explanation:
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes function to break down cellular waste, damaged organelles, and macromolecules.
Normally, lysosomes are compartmentalized to prevent these powerful enzymes from damaging healthy parts of the cell. If the lysosome membrane ruptures, its enzymes are released into the cytoplasm, where they can digest essential cellular components and lead to cell death.
Let’s analyze the options:
A. Incorrect – Lysosomal enzymes are not specific to viruses. They break down a wide range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—not targeted antiviral activity.
B. Incorrect – Lysosomal rupture does not affect osmotic balance or prevent viral entry. Osmotic concentration is managed primarily by the plasma membrane and solute channels, not lysosomes.
C. Correct – When the lysosome membrane ruptures, hydrolytic enzymes leak into the cytoplasm, leading to uncontrolled digestion of cellular components, which often results in cell death (a process called autolysis).
D. Incorrect – Rather than helping the cell, uncontrolled intracellular digestion damages it. Energy production does not increase, and in fact, the cell’s ability to function is compromised.