IB DP Biology- C1.2 Cell respiration - IB Style Questions For SL Paper 2 - New Syllabus

(a)

ATP can be converted to ADP to release energy for cellular processes. One example is active transport across membranes, where ATP supplies energy for the movement of substances against their concentration gradients.

Another example is the synthesis of macromolecules, such as proteins, polysaccharides or nucleic acids. Energy from ATP is also required for processes involving movement, such as muscle contraction or movement of chromosomes and cell components.

(b)

ATP is produced from energy released during cellular respiration. Organic carbon compounds, such as glucose, are broken down and the energy released is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

During aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water while generating ATP. Much of the ATP is produced in the mitochondria.

During anaerobic respiration, ATP can also be produced without oxygen. For example, glucose can be converted to lactic acid, producing ATP, but anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Therefore, ATP production involves the transfer of energy from carbon compounds to ATP, allowing ATP to act as an immediate energy source for cellular processes.