Question
ADH plays a key role in osmoregulation. When the blood’s solute concentration is above normal, the pituitary gland releases ADH.
Which statement explains how ADH helps to reduce the solute concentration of blood?
A. It increases ultrafiltration of solutes in the glomerulus, so blood becomes more diluted.
B. It increases reabsorption of sodium ions in the loop of Henle, so less water is excreted.
C. It causes selective reabsorption of some solutes in the distal convoluted tubule.
D. It changes the collecting duct’s permeability to water to produce more concentrated urine.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans. D
- Osmoregulation: ADH helps maintain tonicity homeostasis by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps return osmolarity to baseline.
- Blood pressure control: ADH helps constrict blood vessels, which helps control blood pressure.
- Urine production: ADH helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body, which helps control the amount of urine that is made.
ADH is produced in the hypothalamus, a small region in the brain, and released into the blood by the pituitary gland.A condition called syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) occurs when the body produces too much ADH, causing the body to retain too much water. Certain types of tumors can also release high amounts of ADH, which can cause low levels of sodium in the blood
Question
What sequence shows the route taken by nitrogenous wastes in insects from their production in body cells to their removal from the insect’s body?
A. Hemolymph → Malpighian tubule → hindgut → rectum
B. Hindgut → hemolymph → kidney tubule → bladder
C. Malpighian corpuscle → nephron → ureter → bladder
D. Neonicotinoid → rectum → antagonistic muscles → anus
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Where in the nephron is most glucose reabsorbed?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Glucose moves from the filtrate in the nephron into the bloodstream during normal kidney function. Which location and method describe this movement of glucose?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D