Question
High Plains PLC (HP)
High Plains PLC (HP) owns 600 budget hotels. It operates in a rapidly growing market and has a 60 % market share of the budget hotel market.
Recent secondary market research on the hotel industry revealed:
- guests of luxury hotels are brand loyal
- 80 % of guests of budget hotels respond positively to a price reduction
- the budget hotel market is growing rapidly
- detailed statistics and information on all hotel chains.
HP’s directors aim to increase occupancy rates in HP’s hotels from the current 65 % to 80 % by the end of 2024. Each of HP’s hotels has 400 rooms. People on business trips account for only 15 % of the hotels’ bookings.
HP is considering two options.
Option 1: Price discounts on 100 of the rooms in each of HP’s hotels
The discounts would undercut prices charged by its major competitor, Kampfort Inns (KI), by 10 %. HP would also offer a price match guarantee, which means that it would match any lower price charged by KI for any room.
Option 2: Upgrade 100 of the standard rooms in each of HP’s hotels
Upgraded rooms, called HP+, would have improved IT facilities, new décor, a coffee machine and a better shower. HP+ rooms would be $20 per night more expensive than standard rooms. Estimated upgrade costs are $1500 per room, and the upgrades would take two years to complete. The HP+ rooms are targeted both at the business traveller market segment and at customers willing to pay slightly more for an enhanced hotel experience.
a. Define the term market segment.[2]
b.Construct a Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix for HP, identifying the correct segments for HP’s standard rooms and its HP+ upgraded rooms if Option 2 is chosen.[4]
c.Explain one advantage and one disadvantage for HP of using secondary market research.[4]
d. Discuss whether HP should choose Option 1 or Option 2.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:
a .A market segment is a sub-group or portion of a whole market who share similar characteristics.
For 2 marks candidates need to demonstrate that:
a market segment is a part / portion of a whole market
consumers in this segment share common characteristics.
Award [1] for a definition that shows some understanding of a market segment.
N.B. If a candidate writes a response similar to the following, award [1]: A market segment is a group of people who share one or more common characteristics.
b. 
Award [1] for a diagram that has either the correct axis labels OR the 4 correct segments labelled [1].
Award [2] for a diagram that is fully, correctly labelled [2].
Award [1] for either stating that HP rooms are a STAR or by placing this in the STAR segment the diagram drawn.
Award [1] for either stating that HP + rooms are a ? or a Problem Child or by placing this in the ? / Problem child segment in the diagram drawn.
c.
Application Advantage
- Get detailed stats on rival budget hotel chains.
- 80 % of budget hotel guests are price sensitive.
Application Disadvantage
- Some of data is not relevant e.g. data about 5-star hotels.
- Hotel market is rapidly growing so may be out of date very quickly.
Award [1] for identifying an advantage to HP from its use of secondary market research.
Award [1] for identifying a disadvantage to HP from its use of secondary market research.
In order to access the 3rd and 4th marks both answers must make use of the stimulus / be contextualised.
Mark as [2+2].
d.
Refer to Paper 2 markbands for 2016 forward, available under the “Your tests” tab > supplemental materials.
There is no “correct answer”.
Option 1
Pros
This is very simple to implement and can be done very quickly. There will be additional costs as this price change will need to be heavily advertised to create customer awareness. Above and below the line advertising can be used.
Advertisements on TV, in the press and on social media will need to be used but HP can also use its database of customers to send then direct mail. As most budget hotel customers are price sensitive then this is likely to increase demand It is likely that they will be able to raise occupancy rates above the 65 % rate and this can be achieved quickly.
Cons
How successful this option depends on how its main rival reacts. Kampfort may react by matching the price cuts that HP makes – if this happens then occupancy rates may only rise minimally – the price cuts may grow the market slightly. It could also lead to a price war – Kampfort Inns may even cut its prices below those of HP in which case HP occupancy rates may fall. However, it may have some impact on its profitability – occupancy rates must rise by more than 10 % if sales revenue is not to fall.
Option 2
Pros
The upgraded rooms are more likely to appeal to business guests and they account for 15 % of its target market. Secondary market research data shows that 20 % of budget hotel customers are not price sensitive and therefore the upgraded rooms may appeal to this market segment.
The upgraded rooms bring in more revenue per room per night as they are $20 per night more expensive than standard rooms – if they hit the target of 80 % occupancy then revenue per night would increase (80 × $20 × 600) = $960 000 per night.
The change differentiates HP from a major rival. This may allow HP to raise its status as it now offers a better “product” at all of its hotels compared to the offer of its rival.
Cons
This will have higher initial costs. Each upgraded room costs $1500, that is $150 000 per hotel. It has 600 hotels so the total cost would be $90 million. This is likely to be far greater than the promotion costs of option A.
There will also be lost revenue at each hotel whilst the 100 rooms are upgraded. This will impact both profits and occupancy rates. Occupancy rates will fall initially and as it will take 2 years for all the upgrades to be undertaken.
There is also the danger of brand cannibalisation – HP may find that occupancy rates stay the same, with more customers staying in the HP+ rooms rather than standard rooms – they would not achieve their target of 80 % occupancy rates BUT sales revenue would increase.
It is expected that candidates provide a conclusion with a substantiated judgment.
Marks should be allocated according to the paper 2 markbands for May 2016 forward.
If a candidate evaluates / addresses only one option, award a maximum of [5].
A balanced response is one that provides at least one argument for and one argument against each option.
Candidates may contrast one option with another for a balance as long as at least two arguments are given for each option.
Award a maximum of [6] if the answer is of a standard that shows balanced analysis and understanding throughout the response with reference to the stimulus material but there is no judgment/conclusion.
Candidates cannot reach the [7–8] markband if they give judgment/conclusions that are not based on analysis/explanation already given in the answer.
Question
JVS
JVS is a successful manufacturer of designer clothing. A marketing expert described JVS’s brand name, Izzys, as one of the business’s major strengths. Because of its market orientation approach, JVS spends significantly more on market research than its competitors.
JVS’s products are:
- Izzys, a range of high-quality fashion jeans, which contributes $70 \%$ towards JVS’s revenue and profit. The market for this range is not growing.
- IzzDen, a range of denim jackets, which is near the end of the product life cycle. Manufacturing of this product will cease later this year.
Izzys and IzzDen are sold through high-end independent retailers throughout countries in Europe. JVS uses a price leadership strategy for these two products. Consumers perceive JVS as fashionable. They also believe that JVS’s products are worth the premium price.
JVS is considering launching a new product, a range of fashionable shorts – Izzless – aimed at the 15-19 age group. With this product, JVS would reach a different, but highly competitive, market. Focus groups revealed that many low-income young consumers want to purchase fashion shorts. JVS would sell the new shorts to mass market discount retail stores. Consumers would also be able to order online for next-day delivery.[Source: (c) International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
a. State two stages of the product life cycle.[2]
b. Apply the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix to JVS’s current product portfolio.[4]
c. Explain one advantage and one disadvantage for JVS of using focus groups for its market research.[4]
d. Recommend whether JVS should launch the new product, Izzless.[10]
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:
a. Award [1] per stage identified. Acceptable answers are:
• Introduction
• Growth
• Maturity (or Saturation)
• Decline
• Withdrawal.
b.
Award [1] for a basic answer that shows some understanding of the Boston Consulting Group matrix.
Award [2] for an answer that shows a good understanding of the Boston Consulting Group matrix. This may be descriptive or in the form of a drawn diagram.
Award [3] for an answer that shows a good understanding of the Boston Consulting Group matrix and places both of JVS’s products (Izzys and IzzDen) in their correct segments in a BCG matrix or explains their positions. Izzys is a cash cow, IzzDen is a dog.
If a candidate correctly links the products to the BCG matrix but provides no explanation. Award [1] for each correctly linked product up to a maximum of [2].
Example:
Izzy – cash cow
IzzDen – dog
Award [2].
For Izzy – star
IzzDen – dog
Award [1].
If a candidate draws the matrix but does not label the axes but otherwise draws it correctly and correctly links and explains both products to the matrix, award [3]. If a candidate draws the matrix but does not label the axes but otherwise draws it correctly and correctly links one product, award [2].
N.B. Candidates are asked to apply the matrix to JVS’s current product range – do not penalize if a candidate also includes their proposed product (IzzLess) and places this as a question mark (problem child).
Award [4] for an answer that shows a good understanding of the Boston Consulting Group matrix and places both of JVS’s products (Izzys and IzzDen) in their correct segments in a BCG matrix (or explains their positions) AND explains clearly why they are in these segments.
c.
Advantages of focus groups include:
• They can provide detailed information about customer feelings, perceptions and opinions. The introduction of Izzless would represent a risky move by JVS, as the mass-market product could undermine Izzy’s established reputation as “high end”.
• They are cheaper than performing individual interviews. Already, JVS spends more on market research than its competitors. By relying on focus groups rather than individual interviews, JVS can get detailed information at a lower cost than individual interviews.
• They provide opportunities to clarify any issues or problems. The target market of Izzless is 15 to 19-year-olds, many of whom have low incomes. JVS has limited to no experience with this group. Focus groups, which allow for dialogue and back-and-forth, can allow JVS to get a clearer idea of issues and potential obstacles.
Disadvantages of focus groups include:
• They can be hard to control and manage. JVS will probably have two different types of focus groups: its traditional customers and the new 15 to 19-year-old group who would buy Izzless. Especially with the latter group, controlling and managing them could prove challenging.
• the results are difficult to analyse. Focus group feedback can be inconsistent and contradictory, a problem made worse because of the young age of participants.
• Members may not reveal their own feelings but are swayed by the majority view. This potential problem is true of any focus group but is especially heightened for the product Izzless. Teenagers tend to be more swayed by peer pressure than other groups.
• They may not be representative of the target market as a whole. Unless JVS is willing to go to considerable expense to have focus group participants flown in from across its market area (all of Europe), participants are likely to come from a handful of cities, or as few as one or two cities. These participants may not be representative of the whole market.
Accept any other relevant advantage/disadvantage. However, advantages and disadvantages that could apply to any form of market research should not be credited.
Accept any other relevant explanation.
N.B. Just using the name JVS does not constitute application to the stimulus.
Mark as 2 + 2.
Award [1] for each correct advantage/disadvantage identified or described and [1] for a relevant explanation with application to JVS. Award up to a maximum of [2].
Candidates should not be awarded [2] per advantage/disadvantage if the response lacks either explanation or application.
d.
JVS currently only has two products in its portfolio and will cease production of one of them, IzzDen, later this year. A business with just one product puts itself in a dangerous position, as if demand for that product falls the business could faces losses and possibly failure.
The launch of the new product would take the business into a new market targeting low-income young consumers want to purchase fashion shorts. It would also broaden JVS’s distribution channels as it would now use mass market retail discount stores and online delivery – at present the business only sells through high end independent retailers. Low-income consumers may relish the chance to buy shorts that have a brand name that is associated with high quality and designer fashion at affordable prices – this may give JVS a competitive edge in this highly competitive market.
However, the move is not without risk. The market is very competitive and JVS’s products may not be able to establish a foothold in the market. There is also the danger that this new product may impact of the sales of their cash cow, Izzys. This down-market product may damage its brand image, which, according to a marketing expert, is one of the business’s major strengths. It would end up with two products aimed at very different markets using premium prices for one product and competitive pricing for the other – this clash of images may not work. Perhaps JVS should consider launching a range of shorts at their current target market and work to its strengths.
Marks should be allocated according to the Paper 2 markbands for May 2016 forward with further guidance below.
A balanced response is one that provides at least two arguments for and two arguments against the option of launching the new range of shorts, Izzless.
For one relevant issue that is one-sided, award up to [3]. For more than one relevant issue that is one-sided, award up to a maximum of [4].
Award a maximum of [6] if the answer is of a standard that shows balanced analysis and understanding throughout the response with reference to the stimulus material but there is no judgment/conclusion.
Candidates cannot reach the [7–8] markband if they give judgment/conclusions that are not based on analysis/explanation already given in their answer.
