IBDP Maths AA: Topic: SL 2.1: equation of a straight line: IB style Questions HL Paper 1

Question

P (4, 1) and Q (0, –5) are points on the coordinate plane. Determine the

a. (i) coordinates of M, the midpoint of P and Q.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: (2, – 2) parentheses not required.     (A1)

 

(ii) gradient of the line drawn through P and Q.
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: gradient of PQ \( = \left( {\frac{{ – 5 – 1}}{{0 – 4}}} \right) = \frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}(1.5)\)     (M1)(A1)

(M1) for gradient formula with correct substitution

Award (A1) for \(y = \frac{3}{2}x – 5\) with no other working

(iii) gradient of the line drawn through M, perpendicular to PQ.[4]
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: gradient of perpendicular is \( – \frac{2}{3}\)     (A1)(ft)     (C4)[4 marks]

b.The perpendicular line drawn through M meets the y-axis at R (0, k). Find k.[2]
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(\left( {\frac{{k + 2}}{{0 – 2}}} \right) =  – \frac{2}{3}\), \(k =  – \frac{2}{3}\) or \(y =  – \frac{2}{3}x + c\), \(c =  – \frac{2}{3}\therefore k =  – \frac{2}{3}\)     (M1)(A1)(ft)

Allow (\(0, – \frac{2}{3}\))

(M1) is for equating gradients or substituting gradient into \(y = mx + c\)     (C2)[2 marks]

 

Question

The mid-point, M, of the line joining A(s , 8) to B(−2, t) has coordinates M(2, 3).

a. Calculate the values of s and t.[2]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:

\(s = 6\)     (A1)

\(t = – 2\)     (A1)     (C2)[2 marks]

b. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to AB, passing through the point M.[4]
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: \({\text{gradient of AB}} = \frac{{ – 2 – 8}}{{ – 2 – 6}} = \frac{{ – 10}}{{ – 8}} = \frac{5}{4}\)     (A1)(ft)

(A1) for gradient of AM or BM \( = \frac{5}{4}\)

\({\text{Perpendicular gradient}} = – \frac{4}{5}\)     (A1)(ft)

Equation of perpendicular bisector is

\(y = – \frac{4}{5}x + c\)

\(3 = – \frac{4}{5}(2) + c\)     (M1)

\(c = 4.6\)

\(y = -0.8x + 4.6\)

or \(5y = -4x + 23\)     (A1)(ft)     (C4)[4 marks]

 

Question

a.Write down the gradient of the line \(y = 3x + 4\).[1]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(3\)     (A1)     (C1)[1 mark]

b. Find the gradient of the line which is perpendicular to the line \(y = 3x + 4\).[1]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:  \( – 1/3\)     (ft) from (a)     (A1)(ft)     (C1)[1 mark]

c.Find the equation of the line which is perpendicular to \(y = 3x + 4\) and which passes through the point \((6{\text{, }}7)\).[2]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: Substituting \((6{\text{, }}7)\) in \(y ={\text{their }}mx + c\) or equivalent to find \(c\).     (M1)

\(y = \frac{{ – 1}}{3}x + 9\) or equivalent     (A1)(ft)      (C2)[2 marks]

d. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of these two lines.[2]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \((1.5{\text{, }}8.5)\)      (A1)(A1)(ft)     (C2)

Note: Award (A1) for \(1.5\), (A1) for \(8.5\). (ft) from (c), brackets not required.[2 marks]

Question

A straight line, \({L_1}\) , has equation \(x + 4y + 34 = 0\) .

Find the gradient of \({L_1}\) .[2]

a. The equation of line \({L_2}\) is \(y = mx\) . \({L_2}\) is perpendicular to \({L_1}\) .

Find the value of \(m\).[2]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(4y = – x – 34\) or similar rearrangement     (M1)

\({\text{Gradient}} = – \frac{1}{4}\)     (A1)     (C2)

b. The equation of line \({L_2}\) is \(y = mx\) . \({L_2}\) is perpendicular to \({L_1}\) .
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(m = 4\)     (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)     (C2)

Note: (A1) Change of sign
(A1) Use of reciprocal[2 marks]

c.Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines \({L_1}\) and \({L_2}\) .[2]
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: Reasonable attempt to solve equations simultaneously     (M1)

\(( – 2{\text{, }} – 8)\)     (A1)(ft)     (C2)

Note: Accept \(x = – 2\)  \(y = – 8\). Award (A0) if brackets not included.[2 marks]

 

Question

A and B are points on a straight line as shown on the graph below.

a.Write down the y-intercept of the line AB.[1]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 6

OR

(0, 6)     (A1)     (C1)[1 mark]

b.Calculate the gradient of the line AB.[2]
▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(\frac{{(2 – 5)}}{{(8 – 2)}}\)     (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution in gradient formula.

\( =  – \frac{1}{2}\)    (A1)     (C2)[2 marks]

c.The acute angle between the line AB and the x-axis is θ.

Show θ on the diagram.[1]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: Angle clearly identified.     (A1)     (C1)[1 mark]

d.The acute angle between the line AB and the x-axis is θ.

Calculate the size of θ.[2]

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: \(\tan \theta  = \frac{1}{2}\) (or equivalent fraction)     (M1)

\(\theta = 26.6^\circ\)     (A1)(ft)     (C2)

Note: (ft) from (b).

Accept alternative correct trigonometrical methods.[2 marks]

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