Question

Which one of the following organisms bears hollow and pneumatic long bones? [NEET 2021]

(a) Neophron

(b) Hemidactylus

(c) Macropus

(d) Ornithorhynchus

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)

Pneumatic bones are hollow bones found in birds, which enables them to fly. Neophron is a bird.
Other options are incorrect because
– Hemidactylus is a reptile.
– Macropus is a mammal.
– Ornithorhynchus is a mammal.

Question

 Match the following (Columns) group of organisms with their respective distinctive characteristics and select the correct option from the codes given belows [NEET (Oct.) 2020]

Codes
A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 1 2 3 4

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)
The option (a) is the correct match which is as follows
Platyhelminthes are bilaterally
symmetrical with incomplete digestive system, e.g. Taenia.
Echinoderms are radially symmetrical with indirect development, e.g. star fish, sea urchin etc.
– Hemichordates are cylindrical bodied animal with no segmentation, e.g. Balanoglossus. Aves are warm-blooded animals with direct development like pigeon. 

Question

Which one of the following in birds, indicates their reptilian ancestry? [CBSE AIPMT 2008]

(a) Scales on their hindlimbs

(b) Four chambered heart

(c) Two special chambers crop and gizzard in their digestive tract

(d) Eggs with a calcareous shell

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)
Nearly a century ago TH Huxley called birds ‘glorified reptiles’ thereby meaning that birds have evolved from some reptilian ancestor. Both birds and reptiles lay the same type of eggs, which are deposited outside water. Eggs are large and telolecithal. The ovum is surrounded by albumen, an egg membrane and a thick hard calcareous shell, which are all secreted by special glands located in the walls of oviduct. Like mammals birds also have complete four chambered heart with double circulation, in which there is no mixing of pure and impure bloods. Whereas, the ventricle is imperfectly divided in reptiles, resulting in partial mixing of blood.

Question

 Which of the following is not found in birds? [CBSE AIPMT 1999]

(a) Hind limb

(b) Pectoral girdle

(c) Pelvic girdle

(d) Fore limb

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)

Fore limbs of birds are modified into wings.

Question

The long bones are hollow and connected by air passage. They are the characteristics of [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
(a) Aves

(b) mammals

(c) Reptilia

(d) land vertebrates

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)

The bones of birds are pneumatic, (i.e. they have air cavities) to reduce weight which help them in flying. 

Question

Feet of kingfisher are modified for [CBSE AIPMT 1988]

(a) wading

(b) perching

(c) running

(d) catching

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)
Kingfisher is fish-eating bird and its feet are modified for wading. It is grouped into order-Coraciifermers, which comes in family- Alcedinidae.

Question

 Bird vertebrae are [CBSE AIPMT 1988]

(a) acoelous

(b) heterocoelous

(c)amphicoelous

(d) procoelous

Answer/Explanation

 Ans. (b)

Bird vertebrae are heterocoelous or saddle shaped.

Question

Pneumatic bones are expected to be found in [CBSE AIPMT 1996]

(a) pigeon

(b) house lizard

(c) frog’s tadpole

(d) flying fish

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)
In birds like pigeon bones are pneumatic or hollow and have no marrow, thus helps in reducing the body weight. 

Question

The flightless bird cassowary is found in [CBSE AIPMT 1996]

(a) Mauritius

(b) Australia

(c) New Zealand

(d) Indonesia

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Cassowary (Casuarius) is found in Australia and New Guinea. 

Question

What is common between ostrich, penguin and kiwi? [CBSE AIPMT 1993]

(a) Running birds

(b) Migratory birds

(c) Flightless birds

(d) Four toed birds

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (c)

Ostrich (Struthiol, penguin (Aptenodytes) and kiwi (Apteryx) all are flightless birds.

Question

144 Sound box of birds is called [CBSE AIPMT 1992]

(a) pygostyle

(b) larynx

(c) syrin $x$

(d) synsacrum

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (c)

Sound box of birds is called syrin $x$, this produces voice. It lies at or near junction of trachea and bronchi.

Question

 Flight muscles of bird are attached to[CBSE AIPMT 1989]

(a) clavicle

(b) keel of sternum

(c) scapula

(d) coracoid

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Sternum of birds is large, usually with a vertical, midneutral keel which provides attachment of flight muscles. 

Question

Wish bone of birds is formed from [CBSE AIPMT 1989]

(a) pelvic girdle

(b) skull

(c) hindlimbs

(d) pectoral girdle/clavicles

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)

Both clavicles and a single interclavicle fused to form a V-shaped bone called furcula or wish bone or merry-thought bone.

Question

147 Both male and female pigeons secrete milk, through [CBSE AIPMT 1988]

(a) salivary glands

(b) modified sweat glands

(c) crop

(d) gizzard

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (c)

Both male and female pigeon secrete milk through crop during breeding season.

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