Question
Kwashiorkor disease is due to [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
(a) simultaneous deficiency of proteins and fats
(b) simultaneous deficiency of protein and calories
(c) deficiency of carbohydrates
(d) protein deficiency not accompanied by calorie deficiency
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Kwashiorkor disease is due to protein deficiency not accompanied by calorie deficiency in the children af age 1-5 years. It’s symptoms are weak muscle, thin limbs, retarded growth of the body and brain, swelling of legs due to retention of water (oedemal reddish hair, pot belly, etc.
Question
Good vision depends on adequate intake of carotene rich food. Select the best option from the following statements. [NEET 2017]
I. Vitamin-A derivatives are formed from carotene.
II. The photopigments are embedded in the membrane discs of the inner segment.
III. Retinal is a derivative of vitamin-A.
IV. Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the visual photopigments. (a)(I)and (II) (b) (IL (III) and (IV) (c)(I) and (III) $\quad$ (d) (II), (III) and (IV)
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Vitamin-A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinal, retinal, retinoic acid and $\beta$-carotene.
Vitamin-A is needed by the retina of eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhadopsin, the light absorbing molecule.
Question
Anxiety and eating spicy food together in an otherwise normal human, may lead to [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(a) indigestion
(b) jaundice
(c) diarrhoea
(d) vomiting
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Unhealthy eating habits together with anxiety, stress or panic attacks may cause indigestion, stomach ache, stomach palpitations, nausea, etc.
Question
When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
(a) marasmus
(b) rickets
(c) kwashiorkor
(d) pellagra
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Prolonged starvation causes marasmus disease due to a generalised wasting of body because of both energy and protein deficiency. The body becomes lean and weak, eyes depressed and skin wrinkled. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by continued deficiency of proteins in diet although energy intake may be adequate. Rickets (in children) occurs due to the deficiency of vitamin-D.
Pellagra occurs due to the deficiency of nicotinamide (vitamin- $B_5$ ).
Question
Which one of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin and it’s related deficiency disease? [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
(a) Ascorbic acid – Scurvy
(b) Retinol $\quad$ Xerophthalmia
(c) Cobalamine – Beri-beri
(d) Calciferol – Pellagra
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
Xerophthalmia is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin-A(retinol). Retinal and calciferol are fat soluble vitamins but pellagra is not the deficiency disease of calciferol.
Question
A patient is generally advised to specially, consume more meat, lentils, milk and eggs in diet only when he suffers from [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(a) kwashiorkor
(b) rickets
(c) anaemia
(d) scurvy
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
The deficiency of proteins within the body is responsible for a disease, known as kwashiorkor. So, a kwashiorkor diseased patient is generally advised to specially, consume more meat, lentils, milk and eggs because these are rich sources of protein.
Question
Which group of three of the following five statements (A-E) contains all three correct statements regarding beri-beri? [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
A. A crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub-Sahara Africa.
B. A deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin-B $\mathrm{B}_1$ ).
C. A nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is persistently deficient in essential protein.
D. Occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice.
E. The symptoms are pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting, progressive oedema, mental deterioration and finally heart failure.
(a) $A, B$ and $D$
(b) B, C and $E$
(c) A, C and $E$
(d) B, D and $E$
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
The deficiency of vitamin- $B_1$ or thiamine causes the disease beri-beri. This disease occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice.
The symptoms of this disease are pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting. progressive aedema, mental deteriaration and finally heart failure.
Question
Which one of the following is the correct matching of a vitamin, its nature and its deficiency disease? [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(a) Vitamin-A-Fat soluble-Night. blindness
(b) Vitamin-K-Fat soluble-Beri-beri
(c) Vitamin-A-Fat soluble-Beri-beri
(d) Vitamin-K-Water soluble-Pellagra
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Fat soluble vitamins are $A, D, E$ and $K$. Deficiency of vitamin-A leads to night blindness or nyctalopia because vitamin-A is essential for synthesis of visual pigments (rhodopsin).
Question
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? [CBSE AIPMT 2003, 04]
(a) Vitamin-B $B_{12}-$ Pernicious anaemia
(b) Vitamin $B_1-$ Beri-beri
(c) Vitamin-C – Scurvy
(d) Vitamin-B $B_2-$ Pellagra
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Pellagra (Italian Pelle = skin, agra $=$ rough) is a skin disease which is caused by the deficiency of vitamin- $B$, or niacin. Pellagra is especially frequent among the people eating food with low tryptophan (an essential amino acid).
Question
Stool of a person contains whitish grey colour due to malfunction of which type of organ ? [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(a)Pancreas
(b) Spleen
(c) Kidney
(d) Liver
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (d)
Bilirubin is broken down to urabilinagen and stereobilinagen. Yellowish brown colour of stool is due to the stereobilinogen. Due to the malfunctioning of liver, insufficient production of stereobilinogen leads to white stool.
Question
In a person of advanced age, the hair become thinner gradually. It happens because of decrease in [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
(a) synthesis of glucose
(b) synthesis of proteins
(c)energy availability
(d) blood supply
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
In vertebrates, $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$-keratin (a protein) constitutes almost the entire dry weight of hair. Therefore, as the person ages, metabolism decreases, synthesis of protein decreases leading to thinning of hair.
Question
Which of the following is mismatched? [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(a) Vitamin-K – Beri-beri
(b) Vitamin-D – Rickets
(c) Vitamin-C – Scurvy
(d) Vitamin-A – Xerophthalmia
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of vitamin- $B_1$ (thiamine). Vitamin-Kis also known as antihaemorrhagic factor. The main sources of vitamin-K are green leafy vegetables such as cauliflower. cabbage, spinach, etc. It is also found in animal sources like egg yolk, liver, etc. Vitamin- $K$ is essential for blood clotting and deficiency of it causes haemorrhage.
Question
Which one of the following is a protein deficiency disease? [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
(a) Eczema
(b) Cirrhosis
(c) Kwashiorkor
(d) Night blindness
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease (no calorie deficiency but structural). Its common symptoms are wasting of muscles, thinning af limbs, failure of growth and brain development. and diarrhoea.
Question
For person suffering from high blood cholesterol, the physicians recommend [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
(a) pure ‘deshi ghee’ or butter
(b) vegetable oil such as groundnut oil
(c) red meat with layers of fats
(d) vanaspati margarine
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (b)
A patient of high blood cholesterol is suggested to take unsaturated fats as vegetable oils. Such as ground nut ail because high intake of saturated fat causes high blood cholesterol which ultimately gets deposited in the walls of arteries causing their blockage resulting in various cardiac-disease. Ghee, butter, red meat vanaspati, they all are rich sources of saturated fats.
Question
The vitamin-C or ascorbic acid prevents [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
(a) rickets
(b) pellagra
(c) scurvy
(d) antibody synthesis
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Vitamin-C or ascorbic acid prevents scurvy (failure to form connective tissuel. Characterised by bleeding gums, anaemia, loose teeth, painful and swollen joints, delayed healing of wounds and emaciation.
Question
Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) D
(b) C
(c) E
(d) B
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (a)
Vitamin-D (calciferol/antirachitic factor) mainly helps in $\mathrm{Ca} / \mathrm{P}$ balance in the body fluids. It increases absarption of calcium. from intestine so, it is necessary for formation of healthy bones and teeth. Deficiency of vitamin-D causes increased loss of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ in urine, so, no $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ gets deposited in the bones. This cause rickets in children and in pregnant woman it causes osteomalacia.
Question
Which of the following pair is characterised by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs and irritability? [CBSE AIPMT 1993, 94, 96]
(a) Thiamine – Beri-beri
(b) Protein – Kwashiorkor
(c) Nicotinamide – Pellagra
(d) lodine – Goitre
Answer/Explanation
Ans. (c)
Pellagra is characterised by swollen lips, pigmented skin of hands, legs and irritability. This disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin $\mathrm{B}_3$ or niacin. This is pellagra protective vitamin and can be synthesised in the body from amino acid tryptophan.