Question

The body of the ovule is fused within the funicle at [NEET (Sep.) 2020]

(a) micropyle

(b) nucellus

(c) chalaza

(d) hilum

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)

The attachment point of funicle and body of ovule is known as hilum. It is the point where ovule attaches to the base. It is generally present as an eye of the seed as it is present as a scar

Question

 Persistent nucellus in the seed is known as [NEET (National) 2019)

(a) perisperm

(b) hilum

(c) tegmen

(d) chalaza

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)

Persistent nucellus in the seed is known as perisperm.
The albuminous seeds usually retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development.
But in some seeds, remnants of nucellus are also persistent, e.g. black pepper and beet. 

Question

The morphological nature of the edible part of coconut is [NEET 2017]

(a) perisperm

(b) cotyledon

(c) endosperm

(d) pericarp

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (c)

The edible part of coconut is endosperm. Coconut water is free nuclear endosperm and white kernel is the cellular endosperm. 

Question

Which one of the following statements is correct? [CBSE AIPMT 2014]

(a) The seed in grasses is not endospermic

(b) Mango is a parthenocarpic fruit

(c) A proteinaceous aleurone layer is present in maize grain

(d) A sterile pistil is called a staminode

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (c)

A proteinaceous aleurone protein layer of maize start developing approximately $10-15$ days after pollination in stack that take 40 day for the aleurone to mature completely. Thus is the correct statement. Correct sentences for other options are

(a) Seed in grasses are endospermic

(b) Banana is a parthanocarpic fruit but mango is not a parthenocarpic fruit.

(c) Sterile pistil is called pistillode.

Question

Seed coat is not thin, membranous in [NEET 2013]

(a) maize

(b) coconut

(c) groundnut

(d) gram

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Seed coat is thick in coconut seed and thin, membranous in groundnut, gram and maize seeds.

Question

 Perisperm differs from endosperm in [NEET 2013]

(a) being a haploid tissue

(b) having no reserve food

(c) being a diploid tissue

(d) its formation by fusion of secondary nucleus with several sperms

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

The main difference between perisperm and endosperm is that perisperm is present in seeds and endosperm is present in developing embryo as its reserved food which is completely consumed by it during development.

Question

 Cotyledons and testa are edible parts of [CBSE AIPMT 2009]

(a) groundnut and pomegranate

(b)walnut and tamarind

(c) french bean and coconut

(d) cashew nut and litchi

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)

Cotyledons and testa are edible parts of groundnut and pomegranate respectively.
The edible part of walnut is cotyledon, tamarind-mesocarp, french bean-seeds, coconut-endosperm, testa, cotyledons and embryo, cashewnut-cotyledons and fleshy pedicels and of litchi is fleshy  

Question

An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm and caruncle is [CBSE AIPMT 2009]

(a) cotton

(b) coffee

(c) lily

(d) castor

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)

The seeds of castor (Ricinus communis, family-Euphorbiaceae) are endospermic dicot seeds. They possess, endosperm which acts as the food storage tissue of seed. They also possess perisperm and caruncle. 

Question

In a cereal grain the single cotyledon of embryo is represented by [CBSE AIPMT 2006]

(a) scutellum

(b) prophyll

(c) coleoptile

(d) coleorhiza

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (a)

In a cereal grain (e.g. wheat), the single cotyledon of embryo is represented by the scutellum. Scutellum is specialised for nutrient absorption from the endosperm.

Coleoptile is a modified ensheathing leaf that covers and protects the young primary leaves of a grass seedling.
Coleorhiza is a sheath like structure found on the radicle which covers and protects it during the growth into the soil.

Question

 The embryo in sunflower has [CBSE AIPMT 1998]

(a) one cotyledon

(b) two cotyledons

(c) many cotyledons

(d) no cotyledon

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Sunflower is a dicotyledonous plant, so the number of cotyledons in sunflower is two. Monocotyledons contain only one cotyledon in their embryo. It belong to order-Asterales and family-Asteraceae. 

Question

Heterospory and seed habit are often discussed in relation to a structure called [CBSE AIPMT 1997]

(a) spathe

(b) bract

(c) petiole

(d) ligule

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)
Heterospory and seed habit are discussed mostly with respect to ligule. Development of two types of spores (microspores and megaspores) is called heterospory. Though all seed-bearing plants are heterosporous, it evolved in some pteridophytes. In early heterosporous plants, megaspores were released from the parent.
But in seed plants, these are retained and fertilised to become seed. This habit is seen in Selaginella which bears a small multicellular scale-like structure called ligule at the base of leaf on adaxial side.

Question

Plant having column of vascular tissues, bearing fruits and having a tap root system is [CBSE AIPMT 1994]

(a) monocot

(b) dicot

(c) gymnosperm or dicot

(d) gymnosperm or monocot

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Dicotyledoneae is the group of angiosperm with two cotyledons, flower bi or pentamerous, leaves net-viened, stem with open collateral vascular bundle arranged in a ring and roots form tap root system. 

Question

Vivipary is [CBSE AIPMT 1992]

(a) seed germination with subterranean cotyledons

(b) seed germination with epiterranean cotyledons

(c) fruit development without pollination

(d) seed germination inside the fruit while attached to the plant

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)

Germination of seeds inside the fruit which is still attached to the parent tree is called vivipary. It is a special type of seed germination occurring in plants growing in sea coasts and salt lakes, (e.g. man-groves). These seeds lack any dormant period. 

Question

Oil reserve of groundnut is present in [CBSE AIPMT 1990]

(a) embryo

(b) cotyledons

(c) endosperm

(d) underground tubers

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (b)

Cotyledons are the leaves of embryo, usually store food for the use of embryo during development. Groundnut, a dicot stores food in the form of oil reserve in the cotyledons.

Question

Vivipary is characteristics of [CBSE AIPMT 1990]

(a) mesophytes

(b)xerophytes

(c) hygrophytes

(d)halophytes

Answer/Explanation

Ans. (d)
Vivipary is a special type of seed germination, known to occur in halophytes, e.g. Rhizophora where seeds germinate inside the fruit, while it is still attached to the parent plant. The embryo get nourishment from the parent plant and grows out of seed as well as fruit. Projecting out in the form of a green seedling.

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