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Question 1:

Topic 7.1 – Diet

Which process provides an organism with the raw materials needed for tissue repair?
(A)  excretion
(B)  growth
(C)  nutrition
(D) respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 2:

Topic 1.3 – Features of organisms

Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?
(A)  a genus
(B)  a kingdom
(C)  a species
(D)  an organ system

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 3:

Topic 2.1 – Cell structure

Root hair cells are found on plant roots.
Which feature is present in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?
(A)  cell membrane
(B)  cell wall
(C)  chloroplasts
(D)  cytoplasm

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 4:

Topic 2.1 – Cell structure

The cells listed have specialised structures that allow them to carry out their functions.

1  ciliated cell
2  nerve cell
3  root cortex cell
4  sperm cell

Which cells have structures that can move?
(A)  1 and 2

(B)  1 and 4

(C)  2 and 3

(D)  3 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 5:

Topic 3.3 – Active transport

Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.
1  glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2  nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair cells
3  water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf
For which examples must oxygen be present?

(A)  1, 2 and 3

(B)  1 and 2 only

(C)  1 and 3 only

(D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 6:

Topic 3.2 – Osmosis

Plant tissue is placed in a solution.
What would cause plasmolysis of the plant cells?
1  the external solution having a higher water potential than the plant cells
2  the external solution having a lower water potential than the plant cells
3  water moving out of the plant cells
4  water moving into the plant cells
(A)  1 and 3

(B)  1 and 4

(C)  2 and 3

(D) 2 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 7:

Topic 17.1 – Chromosomes, genes and proteins

DNA is a molecule consisting of two linked strands.
Part of a single strand of DNA has the sequence of bases shown.

                            ACCGTTGAA
What is the sequence of bases in the second strand?
(A)  ACCGTTGAA
(B)  GTTACCAGG
(C)  TGGCAACTT
(D)  CAATGGTCC

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 8:

Topic 5.1 – Enzymes

The graph shows the concentration of a substance during the course of an enzyme-controlled reaction.

Which substance is this?
(A)  enzyme
(B)  enzyme-substrate complex
(C)  product
(D)  substrate

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 9:

Topic 5.1 – Enzymes

The graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.

At which temperature do effective collisions happen most frequently?
(A)  15 ºC

(B)  40 ºC

(C)  60 ºC

(D)  80 ºC

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 10:

Topic 5.1 – Enzymes

Which statement about enzymes is correct?
(A)  They are made of carbohydrates.
(B)  Their activity is unaffected by pH.
(C)  They are used up during the reaction.
(D)  They have a complementary shape to their substrate.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 11:

Topic 6.1 – Photosynthesis

Two test-tubes were filled with hydrogencarbonate indicator. An aquatic plant was placed into each test-tube and the test-tubes were sealed with bungs, as shown.

Test-tube X was illuminated and test-tube Y was kept in the dark. The results are shown.

What causes the colour changes in the hydrogencarbonate indicator in X and Y?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 12:

Topic 6.1 – Photosynthesis

The substances listed are found in the leaf of a plant.
Which substance is obtained from the soil?
(A)  carbon dioxide
(B)  chlorophyll
(C)  glucose
(D)  mineral ions

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 13:

Topic 3.2 – Osmosis

The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine.
What is the immediate effect of this on the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries, and on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 14:

Topic 7.4 – Chemical digestion

The graph shows the concentration of maltose in different parts of the alimentary canal.

What causes the change in concentration at X?
(A)  absorption of maltose
(B)  action of amylase
(C)  action of maltase
(D)  assimilation of maltose

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 15:

Topic 8.2 – Water uptake

The diagram shows a bean seedling soon after it has germinated.
Where is most water absorbed?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 16:

Topic 8.4 – Translocation

Scientists investigate the movement of substances in a plant.
They cut a ring of tissue from the stem.
Removing the tissue removes some of the transport vessels found around the edge of the stem.
A few days later they notice swelling above the area where the tissue has been removed.

What causes the swelling?
(A)  Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the sink.
(B)  Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the source.
(C)  Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the sink.
(D)  Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the source.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 17:

Topic 9.2 – Heart

The diagram shows the outside of a human heart.
Which structure is a coronary artery?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 18:

Topic 9.4 – Blood

The photomicrograph shows some different types of blood cell.

What is the function of the cell labelled X?
(A)  clotting blood
(B)  phagocytosis
(C)  producing antibodies
(D)  transporting oxygen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 19:

Topic 10.1 – Diseases and immunity

Campylobacter is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning.
Which word describes Campylobacter?
(A)  antibody
(B)  disease
(C)  pathogen
(D)  symptom

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 20:

Topic 11.1 – Gas exchange

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?
(A)  0.04%

(B)  4%

(C)  16%

(D)  21%

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 21:

Topic 3.2 – Osmosis

Which process could continue without energy from respiration?
(A)  active transport
(B)  growth
(C)  osmosis
(D)  protein synthesis

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 22:

Topic 12.3 – Anaerobic respiration

Which row shows the products of anaerobic respiration in humans and yeast?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 23:

Topic 13.1 – Excretion in humans

A person eats foods containing proteins. Some of the amino acids in the proteins are converted to urea and excreted from the body.

Which row identifies the sites of processes 1, 2 and 3?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 24:

Topic 14.4 – Homeostasis

What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?
(A)  Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
(B)  Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
(C)  Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
(D)  Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 25:

Topic 14.3 – Hormones

Which hormone causes an increase in breathing rate, an increase in heart rate and the widening of pupils?
(A)  insulin
(B)  adrenaline
(C)  oestrogen
(D)  testosterone

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 26:

Topic 14.5 – Tropic responses

Which row about tropic responses is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 27:

Topic 15.1 – Drugs

What is the definition of a drug?
(A)  a substance produced by a gland that is carried in the blood and alters the activity of target organs
(B)  a substance produced by white blood cells that is carried in the blood and destroys bacteria and viruses
(C)  a substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions carried out in the body
(D)  a substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions in the body and is not changed by the reaction

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 28:

Topic 16.3 – Sexual reproduction in plants

What is the sequence of events in sexual reproduction in plants?
(A)  growth of pollen tube → fertilisation → pollination
(B)  growth of pollen tube → pollination → fertilisation
(C)  pollination → fertilisation → growth of pollen tube
(D)  pollination → growth of pollen tube → fertilisation

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 29:

Topic 10.1 – Diseases and immunity

Which statement describes passive immunity?
(A)  the process of antigen production in the body
(B)  defence against pathogens by antibodies acquired from another individual
(C)  the type of immunity that results from vaccination
(D)  immunity that results in the production of memory cells

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 30:

Topic 17.3 – Meiosis

What happens to the number of chromosomes when a cell divides by meiosis?
(A)  doubles from diploid to haploid
(B)  doubles from haploid to diploid
(C)  halves from diploid to haploid
(D)  halves from haploid to diploid

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 31:

Topic 17.4 – Monohybrid inheritance

A sex-linked condition is caused by a recessive allele. A healthy male and female are both unaffected by the condition but the female has one copy of the recessive allele.
What is the chance of their offspring being affected by the sex-linked condition?
(A)  50% of all their offspring
(B)  100% of male offspring and 0% of female offspring
(C)  25% of all their offspring
(D)  50% of male offspring and 25% of female offspring

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 32:

Topic 17.2 – Mitosis

The diagram shows the unspecialised cells of a mammalian embryo soon after fertilisation.

What is the correct description of these cells?
(A)  embryo cells undergoing meiosis
(B)  gametes undergoing mitosis
(C)  stem cells undergoing mitosis
(D)  zygote undergoing meiosis

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 33:

Topic 18.2 – Adaptive features

Which feature is a leaf adaptation for a xerophyte?
(A)  hair-like structures on the leaves
(B)  large surface area
(C)  many stomata
(D)  thin waxy cuticle

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 34:

Topic 18.3 – Selection

What is an example of evolution?
(A)  the genetic engineering of bacteria to produce human insulin
(B)  the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
(C)  the changes made to livestock as a result of artificial selection
(D)  the production of lactose-free milk

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 35:

Topic 19.1 – Energy flow

The diagram shows the flow of energy through living organisms.

Which term should be placed in both boxes to complete the diagram?
(A)  chemical
(B)  heat
(C)  kinetic
(D)  light

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 36:

Topic 19.3 – Nutrient cycles

The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle in the ocean.
Which stage represents nitrification?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 37:

Topic 21.2 – Biotechnology

The graph shows how much penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium in a fermenter. It also shows the concentrations of sugars, ammonium ions and Penicillium. Penicillium uses sugars as a food source and needs ammonium ions.

What does the graph show about the conditions needed for penicillin production?
(A)  A high concentration of ammonium ions must be maintained.
(B)  Most penicillin is produced when nutrient concentrations are low.
(C)  Penicillium cannot produce penicillin when its concentration decreases.
(D)  Sugars must be added constantly to the fermenter.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 38:

Topic 21.3 – Genetic modification

The list shows some of the steps in the production of human insulin by genetic engineering.
1   The human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid using DNA ligase.
2   A recombinant plasmid is inserted into a bacterium.
3   The bacterium containing the recombinant plasmid replicates.
4   The insulin gene is removed from human DNA using a restriction enzyme.
What is the correct sequence of these steps?
(A)    1 → 2 → 4 → 3
(B)    2 → 4 → 3 → 1
(C)    3 → 2 → 1 → 4
(D)   4 → 1 → 2 → 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 39:

Topic 20.2 – Habitat destruction

Deforestation results in an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What is the correct explanation?
(A)  There is less decay.
(B)  There is less photosynthesis.
(C)  There is less respiration.
(D) There is less transpiration.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 40:

Topic 20.4 – Conservation

Which definition of sustainable development is correct?
(A)  providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment
(B)  using a resource more quickly than it can be replaced
(C)  using increasing areas of land for crops, livestock production and housing
(D) conservation of endangered species by captive breeding programmes and seed banks

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

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