Home / Digital SAT / Digital SAT R&W Vocabulary Flashcards

Digital SAT R&W Vocabulary Flashcards

[qdeck ” ]

[h] Digital SAT R&W Vocabulary Flashcards

[q] Abate

[a] Abate

v. to become less active, less intense, or less in amount. As I began my speech, my feelings of nervousness quickly abated.
 

[q] Abstract

[a] Abstract

adj. existing purely in the mind; not representing actual reality. Julie had trouble understanding the appeal of the abstract painting.
 

[q] Abysmal

[a] Abysmal

adj. extremely bad. I got an abysmal grade on my research paper!
 

[q] Accordingly

[a] Accordingly

adv. in accordance with; in a way that is appropriate to the particular circumstances. All students must behave accordingly.
 

[q] Acquisition

[a] Acquisition

n. the act of gaining a skill or possession of something. There is a popular myth that language acquisition is easier for kids than it is for adults.

[q] Acclaim

[a] Public praise or approval

Example:

The athlete was acclaimed for her gold medal-winning performance

[q] Accrete

[a]

To grow or become attached by the gradual accumulation of matter

Examples:

Planet Formation: Planets form when dust and gas in a nebula gradually clump together, with larger particles attracting more matter and growing into planets.

[q] Adapt

[a] Adapt

v. to make suit a new purpose
v. to accommodate oneself to a new condition, setting, or situation. The US has adapted many foreign foods to better suit the tastes of Americans. Dogs are known for their ability to quickly adapt to their environments.
 

[q] Adept

[a] Adept

adj. having knowledge or skill (usu. in a particular area). Beth loves playing the piano, but she’s especially adept at the violin.
 

[q] Adequate

[a] Adequate

adj. having sufficient qualifications to meet a specific task or purpose. Though his resume was adequate, the company doubted whether he’d be a good fit.
 

[q] Advent

[a] Advent

n. the arrival or creation of something (usu. historic or religious). The world has never been the same since the advent of the light bulb.
 

[q] Adversarial

[a] Adversarial

adj. relating to hostile opposition. An adversarial attitude will make you many enemies in life.
 

[q] Advocate

[a] Advocate

n. someone who promotes or defends something
v. to defend or promote something (usu. a belief, theory, opinion, etc.) I am an advocate for free higher education. Environmental protesters often advocate for cleaner energy practices.
 

[q] Aethetic

[a] Aethetic

adj. relating to beauty or refined taste. The aesthetic decorations at the wedding reception made you feel as if you were a character in a fairy tale.
 

[q] Afford

[a] Afford

v. to be able to buy. v. to be able to spare. He’s saving money so he can afford to buy a new car. I can’t afford to lose any more pencils!
 

[q] Agitate

[a] Agitate

v. to promote something (usu. a cause). They’re agitating for better health care.
 

[q] Allow

[a] Allow

v. to permit or consent to. US law allows citizens to speak freely.
 

[q] Allude

[a] Allude

v. to make a secretive mention of something. She alluded to the problem at hand but didn’t say anything more about it.
 

[q] Altercation

[a] Altercation

n. a noisy argument or confrontation. Greg got into an altercation with a stranger at the bar.

[q] Ambidextrous

[a]

Ambidextrous means being able to use both hands equally well. It comes from the Latin words “ambi” (both) and “dexter” (right hand).

Examples:

Sports: Some athletes can perform tasks like throwing, catching, or batting with either hand. This gives them a significant advantage in sports like baseball, basketball, and tennis.

 

[q] Ambiguous

[a] Ambiguous

adj. unclear or vague in meaning. Her ambiguous statement made me question whether she could be trusted.
 

[q] Ambitious

[a] Ambitious

adj. having a powerful desire for success or achievement. Penny is so ambitious, she wants to be president someday.
 

[q] Ambivalence

[a] Ambivalence

n. the state of being uncertain or stuck between two or more options. His ambivalence prevented him from immediately signing the contract.
 
[q] Ameliorate
[a]

Ameliorate means to make something bad or unsatisfactory better. It implies an improvement in a situation, condition, or thing that was previously negative or problematic.

Examples:

  • Environmental issues: Planting trees can help to ameliorate the effects of pollution.

[q]Amorphous

[a]

Amorphous means without a clearly defined shape or form. It can refer to physical objects that lack a distinct structure, or to abstract concepts that are vague and ill-defined.

Examples:

  • Physical objects: Amorphous solids: Some solids, like glass or rubber, lack the ordered structure of crystals and are therefore considered amorphous.

[q]Amplify

[a]

Amplify means to increase the magnitude, strength, or intensity of something. It can refer to physical things like sound or electrical signals, or to abstract concepts like emotions or ideas.

Examples:

  • Sound: A microphone and amplifier are used to amplify sound waves, making them louder.

[q] Analogical

[a]

Analogical means based on or involving an analogy. An analogy is a comparison between two things that are otherwise dissimilar, highlighting their similarities to explain or clarify something.

Examples:

  • Explaining complex concepts:

    “The human brain is like a computer, processing information and storing memories.” This analogy helps to understand the brain’s functions by comparing it to a familiar device.

[q] Analogous

[a] Analogous

adj. similar but not identical. SAT test is considered analogous to ACT test.
 

[q] Annihilate

[a] Annihilate

v. to destroy or cause devastating destruction. The dictator sent orders to annihilate the group of rebels.
 

[q] Anomaly

[a] Anomaly

n. something different from the norm. This result is an anomaly and very rarely happens.
 

[q] Anticipate

[a] Anticipate

v. assume to be likely to happen. The party was just as fun as I had anticipated it would be.
 

[q] Anticipated

[a]

“Anticipated” means to expect or predict that something will happen. It implies a degree of foresight and often involves preparing for the expected event.

Examples:

  • Planning for the future:

    • “The company anticipated increased demand for its product and ramped up production.” This means the company expected more people to want their product, so they made more of it beforehand.

[q] Antipathy

[a] Antipathy

n. a strong feeling of dislike. Her antipathy toward the professor was obvious: she rolled her eyes whenever he entered the classroom.
 

[q] Apathy

[a]

Apathy is a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern about things that others find important or exciting. It’s a state of indifference or a suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, or passion.

Examples:

  • Political apathy: Not voting in elections because of a lack of interest in politics.

[q] Aperture

[a]

An aperture is an opening, hole, or gap. The term is used in various contexts, but it most commonly refers to the opening in a camera lens that allows light to pass through and reach the image sensor or film.

Examples:

  • Photography: In photography, the aperture is a crucial element that controls the amount of light entering the camera. It also affects the depth of field, which is the area of the image that appears in focus.

[q]Appeased

[a]

Appeased” means to pacify or soothe someone, typically by acceding to their demands or giving them what they want. It often implies that the person was initially angry, upset, or demanding.

Examples:

  • Resolving conflict:

    • “The company appeased its striking workers by agreeing to their demands for higher wages.” This means the company ended the strike by giving the workers the pay raise they wanted.

[q] Apex

[a] Apex

n. the highest point of something. The spring play was the apex of our school year.
 

[q] Apprehension

[a] Apprehension

n. fearful expectation of something. Her apprehension to leave her house resulted in her missing the train.
 

[q]Apprised

[a]

“Apprised” means to inform or make someone aware of something. It often implies conveying information of some importance or significance.

Examples:

  • Keeping someone informed:

    • “The manager apprised the team of the latest project updates.” This means the manager informed the team about the most recent developments in the project.

[q] Articulate

[a] Articulate

v. to clearly express in words. She articulated her opinion on the price of the house.
 

[q] Artificial

[a] Artificial

adj. something made; not occurring naturally. Many candies use artificial flavors to make them taste fruity.
 

[q] Ascribed

[a]

Ascribed is the past participle of the verb ascribe, which means to attribute something to a cause, person, or source. It suggests an external attribution rather than something inherent.

Examples:

  • Attributing authorship:

    • “The play ‘Hamlet’ is ascribed to William Shakespeare.” This means it is believed that Shakespeare wrote the play.

[q]Assertive

[a]

Assertive describes a way of behaving and communicating that is confident, clear, and respectful of both oneself and others.

Example

  • “She gave an assertive presentation, clearly outlining her ideas and confidently answering questions.

[a]

[q] Assertion

[a] Assertion

n. a strong declaration. His assertion that sharks are mammals made everyone laugh.
 
[q] Assuage
[a]
Assuage means to make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense. It can refer to easing pain, grief, or other negative emotions, or to satisfying a desire or appetite.

Example

  • “The mother held her crying child to assuage his fears.

[q] Augmented

[a]

Augmented means having been made greater in size, amount, or degree. It implies an addition or enhancement to something that already exists.

Example

  • “The company augmented its workforce with 20 new employees.”

[q] Austere

[a] Austere

adj. extremely plain. adj. stern and forbidding. adj. relating to self-denial. He lived in a small, austere cabin in the middle of the woods. My boss had an austere expression on her face. An austere lifestyle, like that of monks, isn’t for everybody.
 

[q] Authenticity

[a] Authenticity

n. the quality of being real and true instead of fake and contrived. The police officer doubted the authenticity of the suspect’s story.
 

[q] Avenue

[a] Avenue

n. an intangible path or approach to something. The company has decided to pursue other avenues.
 

[q] Avid

[a] Avid

adj. actively interested in or enthusiastic about something. Gerald is an avid gamer.
 

[q] Bear 

[a] Bear 

v. to have as a characteristic. v. to have (a child). v. to bring forth. v. to put up with. She bears a strong resemblance to your mother. Judy will bear her first child last year. My garden is going to bear pumpkins this year. I can’t bear her complaining any longer!
 
[q]Belies 
[a]
Belies means to give a false impression of something, or to show something to be untrue. It suggests a contradiction between appearance and reality.

Example

  • “Her calm demeanor belies the anxiety she’s feeling inside.”

[q] Benevolent

[a] Benevolent

adj. kind, generous. Many cultures believe in benevolent spirits.
 

[q] Bestowed

[a]

Bestowed means to confer or present a gift, right, or honor. It often implies a formal or gracious act of giving.

Example

  • “The university bestowed an honorary degree upon the renowned scientist.”

[q] Bias

[a] Bias

n. a preconception that prevents objectivity. It’s important to avoid bias when investigating a crime.
 

[q] Bittersweet

[a] Bittersweet

adj. tinged with a feeling of sadness. The ending of the romance movie was bittersweet.
 

[q] Bolster

[a] Bolster

/ˈbəʊlstə/ v. to support, strengthen, or fortify. The boss hired a motivation coach to bolster our work ethic.
 

[q] Boost

[a] Boost

/buːst/ n. an increase or growth. v. to increase or make grow. The boost in profits was a welcome change. In order to boost profits, you need to cater to your customers.
 

[q] Brawl

[a] Brawl

/brɔːl/ n. an intense, loud fight. v. to fight loudly and disruptively. A brawl broke out at school today after one student accused another of cheating. The two students brawled for an hour.
 

[q] Brevity

[a] Brevity

/ˈbrɛvɪti/ n. the quality of being brief or concise. The brevity of their time together made it all the more romantic.
 

[q]Brooded

[a]

Brooded means to think deeply about something that makes one unhappy, worried, or angry. It implies a prolonged and often gloomy contemplation.

Example

  • “He brooded over his lost job for weeks, unable to move on.”

[q]Buttress

[a]

A buttress is a structure built against or projecting from a wall to provide support and reinforcement.

Example

  • “The cathedral’s walls are supported by massive stone buttresses.”

[q] Candid

[a] Candid

/ˈkandɪd/ adj. direct, blunt. Josh is candid about his desire to become an actor.
 

[q] Candor

[a] Candor

/ˈkandə/ n. the trait of being honest and frank. I admire her candor, especially when nobody else bothers to speak up.
 

[q]Capitalizing

[a]

This refers to supplying a business with the financial resources it needs to operate and grow.

Example

Providing capital for a business: “Investors are capitalizing new tech startups with the hopes of high returns.”

[q] Capitalize

[a] Capitalize

/ˈkapɪt(ə)lʌɪz/ v. to use to your advantage. I’d like to capitalize on your math skills by having your work the cash register.
 

[q] Capture

[a] Capture

 /ˈkæp.t͡ʃɚ/ v. to trap or take possession of. v. to successfully represent or imitate. v. to captivate, mesmerize. v. to catch or seize. The spy was captured by the enemy. Your painting beautifully captures the ephemerality of life. I was captured by her beauty. The cops captured the criminal three days after the incident.
 

[q] Civic

[a] Civic

/ˈsɪvɪk/ adj. relating to the city or citizens. Voting is a civic duty.
 

[q] Clinical

[a] Clinical

/ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l/ adj. emotionally unattached (usu. used in medical or scientific setting). Her clinical approach to situations allows her to handle them more effectively.
 

[q] Clout

[a] Clout

/klaʊt/ n. special advantage or power. Children of rich and famous people often believe they have a lot of clout.
 

[q] Clumsily

[a]

Clumsily means in an awkward or unskillful way. It suggests a lack of grace, coordination, or finesse in movement or action.

Example

  • “He clumsily knocked over a glass of water while reaching for the salt.”

[q] Coarse

[a] Coarse

/kɔːs/ adj. indicating a rough texture. adj. lacking refinement or sophistication. The horse’s mane was coarse, as if it had never been washed. The queen’s coarse way of speaking surprised the other members of royalty.
 

[q] Coincide

[a] Coincide

/ˌkəʊɪnˈsʌɪd/ v. to happen at the same time. It wasn’t until after I booked my ticket that I realized the concert coincided with my finals.
 

[q] Colloquialism

[a]

A colloquialism is a word or phrase that is used in informal conversation but not usually in formal speech or writing.

Example

  • “gonna” instead of “going to”

[q]Commended

[a]

Commended means to praise formally or officially. It suggests an act of giving public acknowledgment or approval for an achievement or action.

Example

  • “The firefighter was commended for his bravery in rescuing the trapped family.”

[q] Commission

[a] Commission

/kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. the use of payment to request something (e.g., a service or product). This painting was commissioned by a rich merchant in 1589.
 

[q] Comparable

[a] Comparable

/ˈkɒmp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adj. able to be compared. This novel is comparable to Huckleberry Finn.
 

[q] Competent

[a] Competent

/ˈkɒmpɪt(ə)nt/ adj. sufficiently qualified. We need to hire a competent web developer to create a good website for our company.
 

[q]Concealed

[a]

Concealed means kept secret or hidden from sight; prevented from being seen or discovered.

[q] Concede

[a] Concede

/kənˈsiːd/ v. to be forced to agree or surrender. v. to admit to a transgression. With no chance of winning the battle, the army at last conceded. Dan conceded to pranking his sister.
 

[q]Concealment

[a]

Concealment is the act of hiding something or the state of being hidden. It implies an intentional effort to prevent something from being seen or known.

Example

  • “The spy’s concealment was so effective that he was never detected.”

[q]Conceivable

[a]

Conceivable means capable of being imagined or grasped mentally; believable. It suggests something is possible or within the realm of possibility.

Example

  • “It’s conceivable that we could finish the project on time if we work hard.”

[q] Conceive

[a] Conceive

/kənˈsiːv/ v. to imagine or come up with. The plan to build the city was originally conceived in the early 1900s.
 
 

[q] Condone

[a] Condone

v. to overlook, approve, or allow. She couldn’t condone her daughter’s rebellious behavior.
 
 

[q] Conducive

[a] Conducive

/kənˈdjuːsɪv/ adj. able to bring about or be suitable for. The noisy students hardly made the campus library conducive to studying.
 

[q] Conduct

[a] Conduct

/ˈkɒndʌkt/ v. to control or manage. v. to behave a certain way. The group conducted their research abroad last year. Be sure to conduct yourself accordingly.
 

[q] Confide

[a] Confide

/ˈkɒnfʌɪn/ v. to share something secretive with someone. She confided all of her biggest secrets in her best friend.
 

[q] Confine

[a] Confine

/kɒnfʌɪn/ v. to put limits on; to restrict. We are going to confine the use of this drinking fountain.
 

[q]Confounded

[a]

To mix up (something) with something else so that the individual elements become difficult to distinguish. This meaning is closer to “confuse” in the sense of mixing things together.

Example

  • “The sudden change in weather confounded their travel plans.” 

[q]Conjecture

[a]

Conjecture is an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; a guess or speculation. It implies a degree of uncertainty.

Example

  • “The cause of the fire is still a matter of conjecture.”

[q] Conscientious

[a]

Conscientious means wishing to do what is right, especially to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly. It implies being careful, diligent, and responsible.

Example

  • “She is a conscientious student who always completes her assignments on time.”

[q] Consensus

[a] Consensus

/kənˈsɛnsəs/ n. overall agreement. After weeks of debating, the panel finally came to a consensus.

 

[q] Constitute

[a] Constitute

/ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v. to form or compose (part of) something. The desire for equality constituted the civil rights movement.
 

[q] Contingent

[a]

Dependent on certain conditions: This is the most common meaning. It means that something is conditional or reliant on something else happening.

Example

  • Dependent on certain conditions: “Our trip is contingent on the weather.” (The trip will only happen if the weather is good.)

[q] Contemplate

[a] Contemplate

/ˈkɒntɛmpleɪt/ v. to think deeply about. She contemplated telling her teacher about the cheating student.
 

[q] Contend

[a] Contend

/kənˈtɛnd/ v. to maintain or assert (an opinion). The president contends that the US government will not negotiate with terrorists.
 

[q] Contradict

[a] Contradict

v. to be in contrast with. The camera footage contradicts his ability.
 

[q] Controversial

[a] Controversial

/kɒntrəˈvəːʃ(ə)l/ adj. highly debatable and causing contention. Millions of viewers watched the controversial debate take place.
 

[q] Conventional

[a] Conventional

/kənˈvɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. abiding by accepted standards. She lives a conventional life in the suburbs.
 

[q] Continuity

[a]

Continuity refers to the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over time. It implies a lack of interruption or significant change.

Example

  • “There has been a lack of continuity in the company’s management, with frequent changes in leadership.”

[q] Convened

[a]

Convened means to come together for a formal meeting or assembly; to cause to assemble. It implies a planned gathering for a specific purpose.

Example

  • “The committee convened to discuss the new budget.”

[q] Convey

[a] Convey

/kənˈveɪ/ v. to pass on or transfer (information). I have trouble conveying my thoughts in French.
 

[q] Conviction

[a] Conviction

/kənˈvɪkʃ(ə)n/ n. a firm belief in something. Her religious convictions prevent her from eating meat.
 

[q] Corroborate

[a] Corroborate

/kəˈrɒbəreɪt/ v. to provide evidence for; to back up (a claim). The note signed by her father corroboratesher claim that she was absent from class that day.
 

[q]corroborated

[a]

Corroborated means to confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or finding). It implies strengthening an idea or claim with additional evidence or proof.

Example

  • “The witness’s testimony corroborated the victim’s account of the incident.”

[q] Customary

[a]

Customary means according to custom or usual practice; habitual. It describes something that is commonly done or observed in a particular society or situation.

Example

  • “It is customary to remove your shoes before entering a Japanese home.”

[q] Counterproductive

[a]

Counterproductive means having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than promote a desired outcome.

Example

  • “Trying to force the child to eat his vegetables was counterproductive; he just became more resistant.”

[q] Counteract

[a] Counteract

/kaʊntərˈakt/ v. to work in opposition to. This ingredient seems to counteract the other ones.
 

[q] Counterargument

[a] Counterargument

/ˈkaʊntəˌɑːɡjʊm(ə)nt/ n. an argument used to criticize or dismantle another argument. Make sure to include a counterargumentin your essay so that you can show you’ve considered the topic from all perspectives.
 

[q] Counterproductive

[a] Counterproductive

/ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv/ adj. hindering the achievement of a goal. Bill’s idea to take a shortcut was ultimately counterproductive: it took us twice as long to get to the train station.
 

[q]Ceremoniously

[a]

Ceremoniously means in a way that is characterized by ceremony; with formal politeness or elaborate ritual. It implies a careful observance of traditional forms and procedures.

Example

  • “The dignitaries ceremoniously cut the ribbon to open the new museum.”

[q] Culmination

[a] Culmination

/kʌlmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. the final act or climax. The culmination of the performance was unforgettable.
 

[q] Cultivate

[a] Cultivate

/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v. to foster the growth of. Teachers don’t just pass on new information to students—they cultivate their academic potential.
 

[q] Decree

[a] Decree

/dɪˈkriː/ v. to declare formally and with authority. The president decreed that Halloween would henceforth be a national holiday.
 
 

[q] Deference

[a] Deference

/ˈdɛf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. respect; regard. Her deference to the elderly makes her the perfect candidate for an internship at the retirement center.
 

[q] Deficient

[a] Deficient

/dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adj. not enough in degree or amount. I feel as though the sources for my paper are deficient.
 

[q] Defunct

[a]

Defunct means no longer existing or functioning. It describes something that has ceased to exist or operate.

Example

  • “The typewriter is now a defunct piece of technology.”

[q] Defy

[a]

Defy means to openly resist or refuse to obey. It can also mean to challenge someone to do something considered impossible, or to resist attempts at something.

Example

  • “The protesters defied the police orders to disperse.”

[q] Demarcate

[a]

Demarcate means to set the boundaries or limits of something. It often involves clearly distinguishing or separating things.

Example

  • “The treaty demarcated the border between the two countries.”

[q] Demonstrate

[a] Demonstrate

/ˈdɛmənstreɪt/
v. to do as an example. v. gives evidence for. Could you demonstrate the dance move for me? This book’s use of words such as “grim” and “bleak” demonstrates the author’s mournful tone.
 

[q] Demur

[a] Demur

/dɪˈməː/ v. to object to. She demurred at my request to transfer to a different department.
 

[q] Denounce

[a]

Denounce means to publicly declare to be wrong or evil. It implies strong disapproval and condemnation.

Example

  • “The human rights organization denounced the government’s use of torture.”

[q] Deplete

[a] Deplete

/dɪˈpliːt/ v. to (over)use over time (usu. resources). The lost campers quickly depleted their supply of food.
 

[q] Desolate

[a] Desolate

/ˈdɛs(ə)lət/ adj. bare, barren, empty. The moon is one giant, desolate landscape.
 
 

[q] Devise

[a] Devise

/dɪˈvʌɪz/ v. to come up with (a plan). Lana devised a plan to make herself famous.
 

[q] Dilemma

[a] Dilemma

/dɪˈlɛmə/ n. a problem, usually requiring a choice between two options. The main dilemma is whether to pay for a commercial or not.
 

[q] Diligence

[a] Diligence

/ˈdɪlɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. conscientiousness; the quality of being committed to a task. Diligence and confidence will get you far in life.
 

[q] Diminish

[a] Diminish

/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v. to become smaller in scope or degree. The itchiness of mosquito bites usually starts to diminish after a few days.
 

[q] Dire

[a] Dire

/ˈdʌɪə/ adj. hopeless; dangerous or fearful. When the police didn’t explain what was happening right away, Jane knew that the situation must be dire.
 

[q] Discern

[a]

Discern means to perceive or recognize something indistinctly; to distinguish or discriminate. It implies careful observation and understanding.

Example

  • “It was difficult to discern the ship through the thick fog.”

[q] Discredit

[a]

Discredit means to harm the good reputation of (someone or something). It can also mean to cause (an idea or piece of evidence) to seem false or unreliable.

Example

  • “The scandal discredited the politician and ruined his career.”

[q] Discrepancy

[a]

A discrepancy is a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. It implies an inconsistency or difference that needs to be explained.

Example

  • “There was a discrepancy between the witness’s account and the police report.”

[q] Dispassionate

[a]

Dispassionate means not influenced by strong emotion, and so able to be rational and impartial. It suggests an objective and unbiased perspective.

 

Example

  • “The journalist provided a dispassionate account of the events, avoiding any personal opinions or biases.”

[q] Discord

[a] Discord

/ˈdɪskɔːd/ n. disagreement. Disputes over money caused intense discord in the family.
 

[q] Disdain

[a] Disdain

/dɪsˈdeɪn/ n. a lack of respect and strong dislike (toward something or someone). He looked at me with such disdain that I immediately knew the job wouldn’t work out.
 

[q] Dismay

[a] Dismay

/dɪsˈmeɪ/ n. hopelessness, stress, or consternation. v. to fill with woe or apprehension. To Nick’s dismay, he got an F on the test. Many were dismayed by the town’s implementation of metered parking.
 

[q] Disparage

[a] Disparage

/dɪˈsparɪdʒ/ v. to belittle or speak down to. A good boss is stern but never disparages his or her employees.
 

[q] Discrepancy

[a]

A discrepancy is a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. It implies an inconsistency or difference that needs to be explained.

Example:

  • “There was a discrepancy between the witness’s account and the police report.”

[q] Dispatch

[a] Dispatch

/dɪˈspatʃ/ v. to send off a message or messenger. The mother dispatched her daughter to their neighbor’s house.
 

[q] Diversification

[a] Diversification

/dʌɪvəːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. the act of becoming diverse. Lately, there’s been noticeable diversification of students at higher institutions.
 

[q] Doctrine

[a] Doctrine

/ˈdɒktrɪn/ n. a principle, theory, or position, usu. advocated by a religion or gov’t. Devoutly religious people often live their lives according to their doctrines.
 

[q]Dogmatic

[a]

Dogmatic means inclined to lay down principles as undeniably true. It implies being assertive in one’s beliefs, often without considering evidence or other viewpoints.

Example

  • “The professor was known for his dogmatic approach to teaching, refusing to consider any alternative interpretations.”

[q] Dominion

[a] Dominion

/dəˈmɪnjən/ n. power and authority (usu. over a territory). n. a legal territory. The country claimed to have dominion over parts of Russia. Puerto Rico is a dominion of the US.

[q] Dreary

[a] Dreary

/ˈdrɪəri/ adj. sad, gloomy, dull. The gray clouds in the sky made the day feel dreary.
 

[q] Dubious

[a] Dubious

/ˈdjuːbɪəs/ adj. doubtful, questionable. The man’s claims to the throne were dubious since nobody knew where he’d come from.
 

[q] Dwindling

[a]

Dwindling means gradually diminishing in size, quantity, or strength. It suggests a slow and steady decline.

Example

  • “The company’s profits have been dwindling in recent years.”

[q] Eccentric

[a] Eccentric

/ɪkˈsɛntrɪk/ adj. peculiar or odd; deviating from the norm. She’s a little eccentric but still fun to be around.
 

[q]Eclipsed

[a]

Eclipsed means to deprive of importance or prominence. It can also refer to obscuring the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and a source of illumination.

Example

  • “The popularity of streaming services has eclipsed that of traditional television.”

[q] Efficacy

[a]

Efficacy is the ability to produce a desired or intended result. It refers to the power or capacity to be effective.

  • “The efficacy of the new vaccine was demonstrated in clinical trials.”

[q] Egregious

[a] Egregious

/ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/ adj. extremely bad. After cheating on the exam, Emily began to feel as though she’d made an egregious mistake.
 

[q] Eliciting

[a]

Eliciting means to evoke or draw out (a response, answer, or fact) from someone in reaction to one’s own actions or questions. 1 It implies prompting or stimulating a reaction.   

Example

  • “The comedian’s jokes were eliciting laughter from the audience.”

[q] Eloquent

[a] Eloquent

/ˈɛləkwənt/ adj. having refined or expressive communication skills (in speaking or writing). His speech was not only eloquent but also extremely compelling.
 

[q] Emissaries

[a]

Emissaries are people sent on a special mission, usually as diplomatic representatives. They act as agents or messengers for a government, organization, or individual.

  • “The president sent emissaries to negotiate a peace treaty with the neighboring country.”

[q] Eminent

[a] Eminent

\ ˈe-mə-nənt  \ adj. superior or distinguished; high in position or status. Our town made news when the eminent magician came to perform at our local theater.
 

[q] Emit

[a] Emit

ɪˈmɪt/ v. to discharge, give forth, or release. Plants consume carbon dioxide and emit oxygen.
 

[q] Emphatic

[a] Emphatic

/ɪmˈfatɪk/ adj. very expressive; using emphasis. Her emphatic smile told me she was excited to ride the roller coaster.
 

[q] Empirical

[a] Empirical

/ɛmˈpɪrɪk(ə)/ adj. derived from experience, observation, or an experiment. You need empirical evidence to support your claim.
 

[q] Endow

[a] Endow

/ɪnˈdaʊ/ v. to equip or bestow (usu. a quality or ability). According to the myth, the gods endowed him with the gift of healing.
 

[q] Endure

[a] Endure

/ɪnˈdjʊə/ v. to withstand, sustain, or hold out against. I can’t endure this wait any longer. Will Stanford accept or reject me?
 

[q] Entail

[a] Entail

/ɪnˈteɪl/ v. to involve or include. A doctoral program entails long nights and a heavy workload.

[q]Entail 

[a]

Entail means to involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. It suggests something is required or implied as a result of something else.

  • “The job entails a lot of travel.” (The job requires a lot of travel.)

[q] Entrenched

[a] Entrenched

/ɪnˈtrɛn(t)ʃt/ adj. firmly established. Her face will forever be entrenched in my memory.

[q] Enumerate

[a] Enumerate

/ɪˈnjuːməreɪt/ v. to specify or count. I can’t enumerate how many times I’ve had to remind my students when their papers are due.

[q] Envisioned

[a]

Envisioned means to imagine as a future possibility; to visualize. It implies forming a mental picture of something that is not yet real.

Image

Example

  • “The architect envisioned a city with sustainable buildings and green spaces.”

[q] Epitomized

[a]

Epitomized means to be a perfect example of something. It implies representing the essence or most characteristic qualities of something.

Example

  • “The Eiffel Tower epitomizes the city of Paris.” (The Eiffel Tower is a perfect symbol of Paris.)

[q] Equivocal 

[a]

Equivocal means open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous. It can also mean uncertain or questionable in nature.

Image

Example

  • “His response to the question was equivocal, leaving us unsure of his true position.”

[q] Enticed

[a]

Enticed means to attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage. It implies persuasion through the promise of something desirable.

Example

  • “The company enticed new customers with a special discount.”

[q] Envy

[a] Envy

/ˈɛnvi/ n. excessive jealousy. v. to admire and be jealous of. His envy of her is quite obvious. She envies her coworker’s social skills.

[q] Enumerate

[a]

Enumerate means to mention (a number of things) one by one. It implies listing or counting things individually.

Example

  • “Let me enumerate the reasons why I think this is a bad idea.”

[q] Envisioned

[a]

Envisioned means to imagine as a future possibility; to visualize. It implies forming a mental picture of something that is not yet real.

Example

  • “The architect envisioned a city with sustainable buildings and green spaces.”

[q] Epitomized

[a]

Epitomized means to be a perfect example of something. It implies representing the essence or most characteristic qualities of something.

Example

  • “The Eiffel Tower epitomizes the city of Paris.” (The Eiffel Tower is a perfect symbol of Paris)

[q] Erratic

[a] Erratic

/ɪˈratɪk/ adj. having no fixed course; deviating from the norm. The car became erratic after slipping on ice.
 

[q] Establish

[a] Establish

/ɪˈstablɪʃ/ v. to enact. v. to found (a business, group, school, etc.). They established a law that made it illegal to drive after drinking any amount of alcohol. Our group established a new branch in Chicago.
 

[q] Esteem

[a]

Esteem can be used as both a verb and a noun.

  • As a verb: To respect and admire someone or something greatly. To hold in high regard.
  • As a noun: Respect and admiration, typically for a person.

Example

  • Verb: “I esteem her for her dedication to helping others.”
  • Noun: “She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.”

[q] Evoke

[a] Evoke

/ɪˈvəʊk/ v. to draw forth or call up. Horror movies are great at evoking fear.
 

[q] Exacerbate

[a] Exacerbate

/ɪɡˈzasəbeɪt/ v. to make worse or increase the severity of. The doctor told me not to run as it can exacerbate my knee injury.

[q] Excel

[a] Excel

/ɪkˈsɛl/ v. to do something extremely well or to be superior in. She was a well-rounded student but excelled especially in science.
 

[q] Exemplifications

[a]

Exemplifications are instances that serve as examples or illustrations of something. They provide concrete evidence or demonstrations to clarify or support a point.

Example

  • “The essay provided several exemplifications of the author’s use of symbolism, citing specific passages from the text.”

[q] Exert

[a] Exert

v. to put into use (usu. as effort). Don’t exert all of your energy at once.
 

[q] Exhilarating

[a] Exhilarating

/ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/ adj. invigorating, stimulating, or exciting. The music playing at the club was catchy and exhilarating.

[q] Expend

[a] Expend

/ɪkˈspɛnd/ v. to use up (as in energy or money). Be careful not to expend all your energy in the first half of a marathon.

[q] Explicable

[a]

Explicable means capable of being explained or accounted for; understandable. It suggests that there is a logical reason or cause that can be identified and understood.

Example

  • “His strange behavior was explicable once we learned about the stressful situation he was going through.”

[q] Exploit

[a] Exploit

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ v. to use selfishly or for profit. The shoddy company exploited its workers by paying them extremely low wages.

[q] Facilitate

[a] Facilitate

/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. to aid the progress of. In grad school, advisors facilitate students’ research and offer constructive criticism.

[q] Feasibility

[a] Feasibility

/fiːzɪˈbɪlɪti/ n. the practicality or possibility of something. The feasibility of her project was doubtful; she’d have to go all the way to Antarctica and back before the school year ended.
 

[q] Ferocity

[a] Ferocity

/fəˈrɒsɪti/ n. viciousness, violence. The lion is just one wild animal known for its ferocity.
 

[q] Fictitious

[a] 

Fictitious means not real or true, being imaginary or having been fabricated. It often implies something is invented or made up.

Example

  • “The suspect gave the police a fictitious name and address.”

[q] Fiscal

[a] Fiscal

/ˈfɪsk(ə)l/ adj. related to (government) money. Fiscal policy is how the government uses money to influence the economy.
 

[q] Flourish

[a] Flourish

/ˈflʌrɪʃ/ v. to prosper, grow, or make fast progress. After one year, the tiny plants had flourished into a breathtaking garden.
 

[q] Fluctuate

[a] Fluctuate

/ˈflʌktʃʊeɪt/ v. to be unstable; to rise and fall. Stocks can fluctuate on a daily basis, making it difficult to determine when to buy or sell one.
 

[q] Foment

[a] Foment

/fə(ʊ)ˈmɛnt/ v. to stir up. The civilians accused their leader of fomenting political unrest.

[q] Foreseeable

[a] Foreseeable

/fɔːˈsiːəbl/ adj. capable of being predicted or anticipated. I can’t imagine aliens visiting us in the foreseeable future.

[q] Foresight

[a] 

Foresight is the ability to predict or anticipate future events or trends and plan accordingly. It involves thinking ahead and considering the potential consequences of actions.

Example

  • “The company’s success was due to the CEO’s foresight in investing in new technologies.”

[q] Forestalls

[a]

Forestalls means to prevent (something anticipated) by taking action ahead of time. It implies anticipating a problem or event and taking measures to avert it.

Example

  • “The company took steps to forestall any potential negative publicity by issuing a preemptive statement.”

[q] Frankly

[a] Frankly

/ˈfraŋkli/ adv. directly, clearly. I frankly don’t see the point in learning to drive.

[q] Freewheeling

[a] Freewheeling

/ˌfriːˈwiːlɪŋ/ adj. carefree. His freewheeling attitude often got him in trouble at work.

[q] Fundamental

[a] Fundamental

/fʌndəˈmɛnt(ə)l/ adj. the most essential or most basic part. A thesis is arguably the most fundamental part of an essay.
 

[q] Galvanizing

[a] Galvanizing

/ˈɡalvənʌɪzɪŋ/ adj. thrilling, exciting, stimulating. The galvanizing performance left everyone spellbound.

[q] Grudgingly

[a]

Grudgingly means in a reluctant or unwilling manner. It suggests doing something without enthusiasm or with some resentment.

Example

  • “He grudgingly admitted that I was right.”

[q] Geriatric

[a] Geriatric

/ˌdʒɛrɪˈatrɪk/ adj. relating to old age. I became interested in geriatric medicine shortly after my grandfather passed away from cancer.

[q] Hallmark

[a]

A hallmark is a distinctive feature or characteristic of something, especially one of excellence. It can also refer to an official mark stamped on gold and silver articles to guarantee their purity.

Example

  • “Honesty and integrity are the hallmarks of a good leader.”

[q] Halting

[a]

Halting describes something that is hesitant, faltering, or characterized by pauses and interruptions. It often applies to speech, movement, or progress.

Example

  • “He spoke in a halting voice, struggling to find the right words.”

[q] Harbingers

[a]

Harbingers are things that foreshadow a future event; signs or omens of what is to come. They can also be people who announce or signal the approach of someone or something.

Example

  • “The early signs of economic recession were harbingers of a larger financial crisis.”

[q] Heterogeneous

[a]

Heterogeneous means diverse in character or content; consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or constituents.

Example

  • “The student body at the university is quite heterogeneous, with students from all over the world.”

[q] Homogeneous

[a]

Homogeneous means of the same or similar kind or nature; of uniform structure or composition throughout.

Example

  • “The population of the island is relatively homogeneous, with most residents sharing the same cultural background.”

[q]Hostile

[a] Hostile

adj. harmful, dangerous. The voices around the corner sounded angry, hostile even.

[q] Hypothetical

[a] Hypothetical

/ˌhʌɪpəˈθɛtɪk(ə)l/ adj. supposed; related to a hypothesis. For my physics homework, I must come up with a hypothetical situation.

[q] Idiosyncratic

[a]

Idiosyncratic means relating to or characteristic of a particular individual; peculiar or individual. It describes something that is unique to a specific person or thing.

Example

  • “He had some idiosyncratic habits, like always wearing mismatched socks.”

[q] Ignominious

[a] Ignominious

/ˌɪɡnəˈmɪnɪəs/ adj. publicly shameful or humiliating. The politician’s expensive campaign ultimately ended in ignominious defeat.

[q] Imitation

[a]

Imitation is the act of copying or mimicking someone or something else. It can refer to actions, speech, style, or even the creation of a copy of an object.

Example

  • “The comedian’s imitation of famous politicians was hilarious.”

[q] Impart

[a] Impart

/ɪmˈpɑːt/ v. to transmit, bestow, or disclose; make (information) known. Parents must impart common sense to their children.

[q] Impartiality

[a] Impartiality

/ɪmpɑːʃɪˈalɪti/ n. the equal and objective treatment of opposing views. To ensure impartiality, we require everyone to follow these general guidelines.

[q] Imposing

[a] Imposing

/ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ/ adj. impressive (esp. in size or appearance). The old mansion was imposing in its huge size and gothic architecture.
 

[q] Imposition

[a] Imposition

/ɪmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n. an unnecessary burden. If it’s not too much of an imposition, could you proofread my paper?
 

[q] Imprudent

[a] Imprudent

/ɪmˈpruːd(ə)nt/ adj. not cautious or prudent; rash. Backpacking abroad can be fun, but don’t be imprudent about money.

[q] Incite

[a] Incite

/ɪnˈsʌɪt/ v. to encourage or stir up. Her hateful words incited anger in the crowd.

[q] Indifference

[a] Indifference

/ɪnˈdɪf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. apathy, emotional detachment. The girl’s indifference toward her brother upset their parents.
 

[q] Indiscriminately

[a] Indiscriminately

/ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnətli/ adv. randomly; with little or no distinction. Lottery winners are chosen indiscriminately.

[q] Indulge

[a] Indulge

/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ v. to give into; to satisfy or gratify. My friend loves to indulge in cheesy romance movies.

[q] Incongruous

[a]

Incongruous means not in harmony with the surroundings or other aspects of something. It suggests something is out of place, inappropriate, or inconsistent.

Example

  • “His casual attire was incongruous with the formal atmosphere of the event.”

[q] Indoctrinated

[a]

Indoctrinated means to teach (someone) to accept a set of beliefs uncritically. It often implies forcefully or persistently instilling a particular doctrine or ideology, especially in a way that discourages independent thought.

Example:

  • “The children were indoctrinated with nationalistic propaganda from a young age.”

[q]Inextricable from

[a]

When something is inextricable from something else, it means that the two things are so closely connected or intertwined that it’s impossible to separate or distinguish them.

Example

  • “The history of the city is inextricable from its port, as its growth and development have always been tied to maritime trade.”

[q]Ingenious

[a]

Ingenious means cleverly inventive and original. It describes something that is marked by skill, originality, and cleverness in design, conception, or execution.

Example

  • “The inventor came up with an ingenious solution to the problem.”

[q] Infer

[a] Infer

/ɪnˈfəː/ v. to guess, conclude, or derive by reasoning. You can infer from this quotation that the writer didn’t care for “pretty” language.

[q] Innovative

[a] Innovative

/ˈɪnəvətɪv/ adj. novel or new (esp. as an idea or invention). Her invention was incredibly innovative and won her multiple awards.

[q] Insatiable

[a] Insatiable

/ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l/ adj. can’t be satisfied. A vampire’s thirst for blood is said to be insatiable.

[q] Insurmountable

[a]

Insurmountable means too great to be overcome. It describes a problem, obstacle, or difficulty that appears impossible to solve or deal with successfully.

Example

  • “The team faced insurmountable odds in the final game, as their star player was injured.”

Intercede

[q] Inversion

[a] Inversion

/ɪnˈvəːʃ(ə)n/ n. a reversal. The culture’s norms were an inversion of our own.
 

[q] Invoke

[a] Invoke

/ɪnˈvəʊk v. to call on; to appeal to (e.g., a higher power). The shaman attempted to invoke a demon.

[q] Intercede

[a]

Intercede means to intervene on behalf of someone else, especially to prevent or resolve a conflict or dispute. It implies acting as a mediator or go-between.

Example

  • “A neutral party interceded to help the two sides reach an agreement.”

[q] Intrigued

[a]

Intrigued means to be very interested in something and wanting to know more about it. It suggests a sense of curiosity, fascination, or captivation.

Example:

  • “I was intrigued by the strange story she told me.”

[q] Irreconcilable

[a] Irreconcilable

/ɪˌrɛk(ə)nˈsʌɪləb(ə)l/ adj. incapable of being in harmony or agreed upon. The couple’s differences were ultimately irreconcilable, giving them no choice but to break up.
[q] Lamented

[a]

Lamented means to express sorrow or regret for something, often someone’s death or a loss. It implies mourning or grieving.

Example:

  • “Many lamented the loss of the historic building after it was destroyed in the fire.”

 [q] Lament

[a] Lament

/ləˈmɛnt/ v. to feel sorrow for; to mourn. Susan lamented her missed chance at going to Europe with her high school class.
 

[q] Lighthearted

[a]

Lighthearted means cheerful and carefree; not serious or burdened by worry. It describes a mood, atmosphere, or person that is happy, relaxed, and optimistic.

Example:

  • “The atmosphere at the party was lighthearted and festive.”

[q] Locomotion

[a] Locomotion

/ləʊkəˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. movement. Physics involves the study of locomotion.

[q] Lucrative

[a] Lucrative

/ˈluːkrətɪv/ adj. capable of making a lot of money; profitable. Writing books isn’t a particularly lucrativecareer, unless you’re J.K. Rowling.

[q]Meager

[a]

Meager means lacking in quantity or quality; deficient; scanty. It suggests a small or inadequate amount of something.

Example:

  • “They survived on a meager diet of bread and water.” Meticulous

[q]Meticulous

[a]

Meticulous means showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise. It suggests extreme care and thoroughness in doing something.

Example:

  • “The detective conducted a meticulous investigation of the crime scene.”

[q]Misanthropic

[a]

Misanthropic describes someone who dislikes humankind and avoids human society. It implies a general hatred, distrust, or contempt for human beings.

Example:

  • “His misanthropic views led him to isolate himself from others.”

[q] Malicious

[a] Malicious

/məˈlɪʃəs adj. harmful, spiteful. The malicious spirit drove out the inhabitants from their home.

[q] Malleable

[a] Malleable

/ˈmalɪəb(ə)l/ adj. capable of being molded or changed. Children’s minds are malleable but only for so long.

[q] Materialistic

[a] Materialistic

/məˌtɪərɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. superficial; focus on material possessions. Many people accuse Americans of being materialistic.
 

[q] Melodramatic

[a] Melodramatic

/mɛlədrəˈmatɪk/ adj. extravagant or exaggerated (as of a melodrama). The melodramatic play was well liked by the audience.

[q] Mock

[a]

Mock has several meanings as both a verb and an adjective:

As a verb:

  • To tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner.

As an adjective:

  • Not authentic or real, but an imitation or sham.

Example:

  • Verb (tease): “The other children mocked him for his stutter.”
  • Adjective: “The soldiers engaged in a mock battle as part of their training.”

[q] Modest

[a] Modest

adj. simple and humble. adj. small in size or amount. They moved into a modest house in the countryside. I received a modest sum of money for my help at the company event.

[q] Modify

[a] Modify

v. to change, alter, or tweak. Dr. Nguyen modified the gene so that it wouldn’t carry the disease.

[q] Momentous

[a] Momentous

/mə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəs/ adj. historically significant. Her win in the election was momentous.

[q] Mutable

[a]

Mutable means liable to change. It describes something that is capable of being changed or that is constantly changing.

Example:

  • “Opinions on the matter are mutable and may change with new information.

[q] Nebulous

[a]

Nebulous means hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused. It describes something that lacks clear form, shape, or content, making it difficult to understand or define precisely.

Example:

  • “The suspect gave a nebulous account of his whereabouts on the night of the crime.”

[q] Novel

[a] Novel

/ˈnɒv(ə)l/ adj. new, innovative, unusual. We are looking for novel ways to approach the project.

[q] Nuance

[a] Nuance

/ˈnjuːɑːns/ n. a subtle difference in meaning. Body-language experts even understand the nuances of facial expressions.

[q] Null

[a] Null

/nʌl/ adj. void and ineffective; having no legal or binding force. The government declared their marriage null.

[q] Obfuscate

[a]

Obfuscate means to make something unclear, obscure, or difficult to understand, especially intentionally. It implies a deliberate attempt to confuse or mislead.

Example:

  • “The company used complex jargon to obfuscate its financial losses.”

[q] Objectivity

[a] Objectivity

/ˌɒbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ n. judgment based on observations instead of emotions or opinions. In scientific research, objectivity is of utmost importance.

[q] Obligated

[a]

Obligated means feeling morally or legally bound to do something. It suggests a sense of duty, responsibility, or compulsion.

Example:

  • “I felt obligated to help my friend move, since he had helped me in the past.”

[q] Obliged

[a]

Obliged has a couple of related meanings:

  1. Feeling grateful or indebted to someone for a favor or service. This is a common polite expression.

Example:

  • Grateful: “I’m much obliged to you for your help.” (This is a polite way of saying “thank you very much.”)

[q] Obsolete

[a] Obsolete

/ˈɒbsəliːt/ adj. no longer used; rare or uncommon. Historians assumed record players would be obsolete by now, but in fact they’re making a huge comeback.

[q] Omnipotent

[a] Omnipotent

/ɒmˈnɪpət(ə)nt/ adj. almighty and all powerful. Gods are omnipotent beings who can control human destiny.

[q] Onset

[a] Onset

/ˈɒnsɛt/ n. the beginning or early stages. At the onset of her career as a lawyer, things were looking up.

[q] Opine

[a] Opine

/ə(ʊ)ˈpʌɪn/ v. to openly express an opinion. The new employee opined at the company meeting.

[q] Opportune

[a]

pportune means occurring at an appropriate or advantageous time; well-timed. It describes something that is suitable or favorable for a particular purpose or situation.

Image:

Example:

  • “The politician’s speech was timed to take advantage of an opportune moment in the national debate.”

[q] Ornate

[a] Ornate

/ɔːˈneɪt/ adj. highly detailed and decorated. That ornate silverware must be worth thousands of dollars!

[q] Oust

[a] Oust

/aʊst/ v. to remove or force out of (usu. a position or office). Sick and tired of putting up with his bad moods, the pirates ousted their captain.

[q] Overshadows

[a]

Overshadows means to appear more prominent or important than; to cast a shadow over. It implies that one thing makes another seem less significant or noticeable.

Example:

  • “The team’s victory was overshadowed by the news of the coach’s sudden resignation.”

[q] Palpable

[a]

Palpable means (of a feeling or atmosphere) so intense as to seem almost tangible; able to be touched or felt. It describes something that is easily perceptible or obvious.

Example:

  • “The tension in the room was palpable as everyone waited for the results.”

[q] Paramount

[a] Paramount

ˈparəmaʊnt/ adj. predominant, superior, most important. Our paramount concern is the safety of our employees.

[q]Perceptible

[a]

Perceptible means able to be noticed or felt by the senses. It describes something that is discernible or observable.

Example:

  • “There was a perceptible change in the weather as the storm approached.”

[q] Peculiar

[a] Peculiar

/pɪˈkjuːlɪə/ adj. strange, bizarre. Upon entering the abandoned house, Kate experienced a peculiar feeling, as if someone was watching her.

[q] Perish

[a] Perish

/ˈpɛrɪʃ/ v. to die; to pass away. According to the news, nobody perished in the fire.

[q] Persecute

[a] Persecute

/ˈpəːsɪkjuːt/ v. to cause suffering to. They will persecute anyone who doesn’t agree with their views of the world.

[q]Persuade

[a]

Persuade means to cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument. It implies convincing someone to adopt a particular belief or course of action.

Example:

  • “The salesperson persuaded the customer to buy the more expensive model.”

[q] Persuasive

[a]

Persuasive means good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument. It describes something that is effective in convincing others.

Image:

Example:

  • “He made a persuasive argument for why we should invest in the new project.”

[q]Pervasive

[a]

Pervasive means spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people. It suggests something that is present everywhere or has a widespread effect.

Example:

  • “The influence of social media is pervasive in modern society.”

[q] Petulant

[a] Petulant

/ˈpɛtjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. cranky, pouty, irritable; bad-tempered. Petulant children are especially difficult to care for.

[q] Pinnacle

[a] Pinnacle

/ˈpɪnək(ə)l/ n. highest level or degree. Many believe that composers such as Beethoven and Mozart represent the pinnacle of classical music.
 

[q] Pitiable

[a] Pitiable

/ˈpɪtɪəb(ə)l/ adj. deserving pity. The frail-looking dog was pitiable, so I gave it some food and took it inside to care for it.

[q]Placated

[a]

Placated means to make (someone) less angry or hostile. It implies appeasing or pacifying someone, often by offering concessions or making amends.

Example:

  • “The company offered a refund to placate angry customers.”

[q] Plausible

[a] Plausible

/ˈplɔːzɪb(ə)l/ adj. reasonable and possibly true. Her story is plausible, but that doesn’t mean she’s telling the truth.
 

[q] Postulate

[a] Postulate

/ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/ v. to assert; suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. The literary critic postulates that romanticism and naturalism are actually interconnected.
 

[q] Potent

[a] Potent

/ˈpəʊt(ə)nt/ adj. having great influence. adj. having a strong, chemical effect. The bald eagle is a potent symbol of the US. The potion was definitely potent—it healed my wounds immediately!
 

[q] Pragmatic

[a] Pragmatic

/praɡˈmatɪk/ adj. practical, useful. It’s not necessarily more pragmatic to study engineering than it is to study philosophy.
 

[q] Precedent

[a] Precedent

/ˈprɛsɪd(ə)nt/ n. an example or subject from earlier in time. This change in law is without historical precedent.

[q] Predecessor

[a] Predecessor

/ˈpriːdɪsɛsə/ n.  someone who comes before you (usu. in position or office). My predecessor gave me many tips for running the office.
 

[q] Preliminary

[a]

Preliminary means coming before the main part of something; introductory or preparatory. It describes something that precedes or leads up to a more important action, event, or process.

Example:

  • “The researchers conducted a preliminary study to test their hypothesis.”

[q] Prescribe

[a] Prescribe

v. to command orders. v. to issue authorization for medications. The directions for our essay prescribe a length of at least ten pages. A doctor must prescribe you this medication before you can begin taking it.

[q] Presumptuous

[a]

Presumptuous means failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate. It describes someone who is excessively forward or confident, often in a way that shows a lack of respect for others.

Example:

  • “It was presumptuous of him to assume that I would agree with his plan.”

[q] Pretentiousness

[a]

Pretentiousness is the quality of trying to appear more important, intelligent, or cultured than one actually is. It involves an exaggerated display of knowledge, talent, or sophistication, often in a way that is artificial or insincere.

Example:

  • “The pretentiousness of the art exhibition made it difficult to enjoy the actual artwork.”

[q]Prevail

[a]

To prove more powerful or superior: To win or triumph, especially after a struggle or against opposition.

Example:

  • To prove superior: “Despite the challenges, our team prevailed in the championship game.”

[q] Principle

[a] Principle

/ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l/ n. basic truth, assumption, or rule. Remember the universal principle: treat others as you want them to treat you.

[q]Pristine

[a]

Pristine means in its original condition; unspoiled. It describes something that is pure, untouched, or in perfect condition, as if it were brand new.

Example:

  • “The remote mountain lake was surrounded by pristine wilderness.”

[q]Profound

[a]

Profound means having or showing great knowledge or understanding; deep or intense. It can also refer to something that is situated at or extending to a great depth.

Example:

  • “The philosopher’s writings explored profound questions about the nature of existence.”

[q] Prohibit

[a] Prohibit

/prə(ʊ)ˈhɪbɪt/ v. to command against, to outlaw. Alcohol was prohibited in the US in the 1920s.
 

[q] Prolong

[a]

Prolong means to lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to cause to continue longer.

Example:

  • “The doctor prescribed medication to prolong the patient’s life.”

[q] Prompt

[a] Prompt

/prɒm(p)t/ adj. punctual, on time. n. a cue to begin something; instructions. v. to incite, propel, or cause to act. She is always prompt when it comes to turning in her homework. I had to write an essay based on a prompt. The possibility of a scholarship promptedhim to apply to Harvard.

[q] Promulgate

[a] Promulgate

/ˈprɒm(ə)lɡeɪt/ v. to put into law or formally declare. The ruler will at last promulgate an amnesty with the neighboring countries.
 

[q] Prosecute

[a] Prosecute

/ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/ v. to bring criminal action against someone (in a trial). The suspect was prosecuted yesterday.
 

[q] Provocative

[a] Provocative

/prəˈvɒkətɪv/ dj. intending to provoke, inspire, or arouse. Her nude paintings are considered quite provocative.

[q] Qualitative

[a] Qualitative

/ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv/ adj. involving qualities of something (features and content). I noticed a qualitative change in her paintings.

[q] Quantitative

[a] Quantitative

/ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/ adj. involving quantities (numbers and amounts). We must conduct a quantitative analysis

[q] Quirk

[a] Quirk

/kwəːk/ n. a strange habit. His biggest quirk is his love of old marbles.

[q] Ramify

[a] Ramify

/ˈramɪfʌɪ/ v. to split into two or more branches. Cars ramified throughout the world in the twentieth century
 

[q] Rash

[a] Rash

/raʃ/ adj. without attention to danger or risk. Her rash decision to pass the car nearly resulted in a crash.
 

[q] Rationalize

[a]

Rationalize means to attempt to justify or explain (behavior or attitudes) with logical reasons, even if these are not true or appropriate.

Example:

  • “He rationalized his cheating by saying that everyone else was doing it.”

[q] Raw

[a] Raw

/rɔː/ adj. unrefined. adj. not processed; uncooked (as in food). He’s got raw talent as a singer, but he needs to work on his performance skills. In some countries, such as Japan, it is normal to eat raw fish.
 

[q] Readily

[a] Readily

/ˈrɛdɪli/ adv. right away and without difficulty. Water was readily available at different points in the race.
 

[q] Recant

[a]

Recant means to say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one that was formerly stated publicly.

Example:

  • “Under pressure from the church, Galileo was forced to recant his belief that the Earth revolved around the sun.”

[q] Reception

[a]

The act or process of receiving something: This can refer to receiving guests, mail, signals, or information.

Example:

  • Act of receiving: “The hotel provides 24-hour reception service.”

[q] Reconsideration

[a] Reconsideration

/ˌriːkənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. thinking again about a previously made choice. The judges’ reconsideration of her performance resulted in her victory.
 

[q] Reform 

[a] Reform

/rɪˈfɔːm/ n. a change for the better; improvement. v. to improve via change. The reform made it so that only those 18 and older can legally drive. The government reformed its vague policies on marijuana use.
 

[q] Refute

[a] Refute

/rɪˈfjuːt/ v. to prove to be untrue, unfounded, or incorrect. The student refuted the professor’s claim in class.

[q] Reinforce

[a] Reinforce

/riːɪnˈfɔːs/ v. to strengthen or add support to. We can use these pipes to reinforce the structure.
 

[q] Reluctantly

[a] Reluctantly

/rɪˈlʌkt(ə)ntli/ adv. somewhat unwillingly. Max reluctantly agreed to see the horror movie with his friends.
 

[q] Renounce

[a] Renounce

/rɪˈnaʊns/ v. to give up (usu. power or a position). v. to cast off. Our CEO renounced her position yesterday. He renounced his friend after he caught her stealing money from him
 

[q] Reprieve

[a]

As a verb: To cancel or postpone the punishment of (someone, especially someone condemned to death). More generally, to postpone or cancel a bad situation or event.

Example:

  • Verb (postpone punishment): “The governor reprieved the convicted murderer just hours before his scheduled execution.”

[q] Reproach

[a] Reproach

/rɪˈprəʊtʃ/ v. to criticize. The mother reproached her daughter’s school for making students come in during a blizzard.
 

[q] Repudiate

[a] Repudiate

/rɪˈpjuːdɪeɪt/ v. to refuse to recognize as true. v. to cast off. The father repudiated his son’s marriage. She repudiated her son once she found out he’d married someone without telling her.
 

[q] Resonance

[a]

The quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating: This refers to the prolongation of a sound by reflection or by vibration of other objects.

Example:

  • Sound: “The singer’s voice had a rich resonance that filled the concert hall.”

[q]Retaliate

[a]

Retaliate means to make an attack in return for a similar attack. It implies taking revenge or getting even for a wrong or injury.

Example:

  • “The country retaliated with airstrikes after being attacked by enemy forces.”

[q] Retention

[a] Retention

/rɪˈtɛnʃ(ə)n/ n. the act of keeping something. Water retention can make you weigh more on certain days.
 

[q] Retrieving

[a]

Retrieving means to get or bring (something) back; to regain possession of. It can also mean to recover or restore something that has been lost or damaged, or to recall information from memory or storage.

Example:

  • “The dog was trained to retrieve the thrown ball.”

[q]Retroactively

[a]

Retroactively means taking effect from a date in the past. It describes something that applies to a period before it was officially enacted or implemented.

Example:

  • “The pay raise was applied retroactively to January 1st.” (Meaning the increased pay will cover the period from January 1st until the present date, even though the decision was made later.)

[q]Sanction

[a]

To give official permission or approval for an action: This meaning implies authorization or endorsement.

Example:

  • Approval: “The city council sanctioned the construction of the new stadium.” (Meaning they officially approved it.)

[q] Secluded

[a]

Secluded means (of a place) not seen or visited by many people; sheltered and private. It implies being hidden away or isolated from others.

Example:

  • “They found a secluded spot in the park for their picnic.”

[q] Sanguine

[a]

Sanguine means optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation. It can also mean having a reddish complexion.

Example:

  • “Despite the setbacks, she remained sanguine about the future of the project.”

[q] Satirized

[a]

atirized means to ridicule or criticize by means of satire. Satire is the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. 

Example:

  • “The comedian satirized the absurdities of modern life in his stand-up routine.”

[q] Satiated

[a] Satiated

/ˈseɪʃɪeɪt/ adj. satisfied (usu. in hunger). I felt satiated after eating a snack.
 

[q] Savvy

[a] Savvy

/ˈsavi/ adj. having practical intelligence or knowledge. My brother is not very savvy when it comes to using public transportation.
 

[q] Scandalous

[a] Scandalous

/ˈskandələs/ adj. morally offensive, often causing damage to one’s reputation. The scandalous politician decided it was best to resign from office.
 

[q] Scorn

[a] Scorn

/skɔːn/ v. to look down on with disdain. It’s difficult for me not to scorn those who use improper grammar.
 

[q] Scrupulous

[a] Scrupulous

/ˈskruːpjʊləs/ adj. paying great attention to detail. I am a scrupulous proofreader and never miss an error.
 

[q] Scrutinize

[a] Scrutinize

/ˈskruːtɪnʌɪz/ v. to examine carefully and critically. The teacher scrutinized her students’ essays.
 

[q] Secrete

[a] Secrete

/sɪˈkriːt/ v. to produce or release (a substance). Trees secrete a sticky substance called sap.

[q] Self-servingly

[a]

Self-servingly means acting in a way that primarily benefits oneself, often without regard for the needs or interests of others. It implies selfishness and a focus on personal gain.

Example:

  • “He self-servingly used his position of power to enrich himself and his friends.”

[q] Sentiment

[a] Sentiment

/ˈsɛntɪm(ə)nt/ n. opinion. n. a tender or moving gesture. I am of the sentiment that you should never give out your passwords to anyone. Even though I’m not a big fan of porcelain dolls, I appreciated the sentiment.
 

[q] Skepticism

[a]

Skepticism is an attitude of doubting the truth of something (such as a claim or statement). It can also be a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain.

Example:

  • “There was widespread skepticism about the government’s claims.”

[q] Sheer

[a] Sheer

/ʃɪə/ adj. so thin that light can shine through. The curtains on the window were so sheeryou could clearly see inside the house.
 

[q] Simple

[a] Simple

adj. easy; not complex. adj. undecorated. This math problem is so simple even a first grader can solve it. The simple beauty of the ocean is what makes it memorable.

[q] Sinister

[a] Sinister

/ˈsɪnɪstə/ adj. ominous, evil. Medieval peasants believed sinisterdemons could harm humans.
 

[q] Sophistication

[a]

The quality of being sophisticated: This refers to having or showing a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion, culture, and other matters considered socially important. It can also refer to refinement, elegance, or good taste.

Example:

  • Worldly experience/refinement: “She possessed a sophistication beyond her years, having traveled extensively and experienced many different cultures.”

[q] Solidarity

[a] Solidarity

/ˌsɒlɪˈdarɪti/ n. the joining of commonalities or common purposes among a group. I stood in solidarity with other female students by refusing to wear the school’s sexist uniform.
 

[q] Sparingly

[a] Sparingly

/ˈspɛːrɪŋli/ adv. insufficiently, meagerly, or in a restricted manner. Due to my condition, I must eat salt sparingly.

[q] Spawn

[a] Spawn

/spɔːn/ v. to release eggs. v. to call forth or generate. Frogs typically spawn in ponds. The topic spawned an ongoing debate among his family members.

[q] Sporadic

[a]

Sporadic means occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered or isolated. It suggests that something happens occasionally or intermittently, rather than regularly or continuously.

Example:

  • “There were sporadic outbreaks of violence throughout the city.”

[q] Sporadically

[a]

Sporadically is the adverb form of “sporadic.” It means occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; in a scattered or isolated manner. It describes how something happens occasionally or intermittently, rather than regularly or continuously.

Example:

  • “He visited his family sporadically, only a few times a year.”

[q] Spur

[a] Spur

/spəː/ v. to stimulate or incite. Her bravery spurred others to act.

[q] Spurious

[a]

Spurious means not being what it purports to be; false or fake. It describes something that appears to be genuine but is actually counterfeit or illegitimate.

Example:

  • “The antique dealer discovered that the painting was a spurious copy.”

[q] Squalid

[a] Squalid

/ˈskwɒlɪd/ adj. run-down, sordid, or sleazy. The squalid cabin needed a new roof and an exterminator.

[q] Stark

[a] Stark

/stɑːk/ adj. very plain; devoid of any details or features. Looking out at the stark landscape, I felt a keen sense of isolation.

[q] Static

[a] Static

/ˈstatɪk/ adj. motionless. adj. changeless. The ball is static. Her life has been static for the past three years.

[q] Stipulated

[a]

Stipulated means demanded or specified as part of an agreement. It implies that something has been explicitly stated and agreed upon as a condition or requirement.

Example:

  • “The contract stipulated that the work must be completed by the end of the year.”

[q] Subordinate

[a] Subordinate

/səˈbɔːdɪnət/ adj. lower in rank. n. someone lower in rank. v. to make dependent on or put at a lower rank. The subordinate officers work every day. My subordinate will check you in. You aren’t my boss—you can’t subordinateme to the role of receptionist!

[q] Subsequently

[a] Subsequently

/ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/ adv. happening later or after something. subsequently went home.

[q] Substantial

[a] Substantial

/səbˈstanʃ(ə)l/ adj. very large in amount or degree. I was shocked to find a substantial amount of money beneath the park bench.

[q] Substantiate

[a] Substantiate

/səbˈstanʃɪeɪt/ v. to strengthen with new evidence or facts. It is important for scientists to substantiate their theories whenever possible.

[q] Subtle

[a] Subtle

/ˈsʌt(ə)l/ adj. hard to detect or analyze. I detected in her expression a subtle hint of irritation.

[q] Subtlety

[a]

Subtlety is the quality of being subtle; something that is not immediately obvious or noticeable, and therefore difficult to describe. It often refers to fine distinctions, delicate nuances, or indirect methods.

Example:

  • “The subtlety of her acting conveyed a range of complex emotions without her saying a word.”

[q] Sufficient

[a] Sufficient

/səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adj. enough; just meeting a requirement. These boxes should be sufficient for our move.

[q] Superfluous

[a]

Superfluous means exceeding what is sufficient or necessary; extra. It describes something that is more than is needed, useful, or wanted.

Example:

  • “The report contained a lot of superfluous information that could have been omitted.”

[q] Surly

[a] Surly

/ˈsəːli/ adj. unfriendly; inclined to anger. The bartender was a surly fellow who wasn’t afraid to start a fight.

[q] Surmount

[a] Surmount

/səˈmaʊnt/ v. to get on top of or overcome. They managed to surmount the language barrier by using a translation app.

[q] Susceptible

[a] Susceptible

/səˈsɛptɪb(ə)l/ adj. to be vulnerable (to something). Children are more susceptible to certain illnesses than adults are.

[q] Tactful

[a] Tactful

/ˈtaktfʊl/ adj. skilled at dealing with people. Her tactful attitude toward our class made her one of my favorite teachers.

[q] Taut

[a] Taut

/tɔːt/ adj. pulled tight. The rubber band was taut and ready to be fired.

[q] Teeming

[a] Teeming

/tiːmɪŋ/ adj. abundantly filled (usu. with living organisms). Doorknobs are not as clean as they look and are often teeming with germs.
 

[q] Temperament

[a] Temperament

/ˈtɛmp(ə)rəm(ə)nt/ n. usual mood or feelings. She had a hostile temperament, making her intimidating to most people.
 

[q] Tentative

[a] Tentative

/ˈtɛntətɪv/ adj. not yet finalized. We haven’t made any official arrangements yet, but the tentative location for our wedding is Hawaii.

[q] Terraced

[a]

Terraced refers to something that is formed into a series of flat areas or platforms, resembling steps, often on a slope.

Example:

  • “The terraced rice paddies created a beautiful landscape on the steep hillside.”

[q] Transparent

[a] Transparent

/tranˈspar(ə)nt/ adj. see-through; so thin that light can shine through. adj. truthful or easy to perceive. Stained window glass isn’t as transparentas regular window glass is. She was transparent about her plans to end her marriage.

[q] Treacherous

[a] Treacherous

/ˈtrɛtʃ(ə)rəs/ adj. dangerous and unstable. The journey was becoming treacherous,but they continued on regardless.

[q] Tremendous

[a] Tremendous

/trɪˈmɛndəs/ adj. very large, good, or bad in degree or size. Tremendous news! You don’t have to repay your loans!

[q] Ubiquitous

[a] Ubiquitous

/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ adj. being everywhere at once. Cell phones are ubiquitous these days.

[q] Unadorned

[a] Unadorned

/ʌnəˈdɔːnd/ adj. undecorated, plain. Though the dress was cheap and unadorned, it was by far her favorite one on the rack.

[q] Undermine

[a] Undermine

/ʌndəˈmʌɪn/ v. to weaken or subvert (usu. gradually or secretly). Parents should take care not to constantly undermine their children.

[q] Underscore

[a] Underscore

/ˈʌndəskɔː/ v. to emphasize or give additional weight to. This sentence seems to underscore the overall meaning of the passage.

[q] Undulate

[a] Undulate

/ˈʌndjʊleɪt/ v. to move as ripples or in a wavy pattern
Belly dancers are known for their ability to skillfully undulate their stomachs.

[q]Unfailingly

[a]

Unfailingly means in a way that never fails; always. It describes something that happens consistently and reliably, without exception.

Example:

  • “She was unfailingly polite to everyone, regardless of their social status.”

[q] Unilateral

[a] Unilateral

/juːnɪˈlat(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. one-sided. The unilateral decision was deemed unfair by the other party involved.
 

[q] Unjust

[a] Unjust

/ʌnˈdʒʌst/ adj. unfair; not justified. The court’s decision is unjust—he should not go free.
 

[q] Unmitigated

[a] Unmitigated

/ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/ adj. downright, utter, total. My speech was an unmitigated disaster!
 

[q] Unprecedented

[a] Unprecedented

/ʌnˈprɛsɪdɛntɪd/ adj. completely new and never having happened before; historic. The number of protestors was unprecedented.
 

[q] Unsurprising

[a]

Unsurprising means not causing surprise; expected. It describes something that is predictable or in line with what was anticipated.

Example:

  • “It was unsurprising that he failed the test, as he hadn’t studied at all.”

[q] Unveil

[a] Unveil

/ʌnˈveɪl/ v. to make visible; to reveal. We plan to unveil our plans for the new company project on Sunday.
 

[q] Unsympathetic

[a]

Unsympathetic means not feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy. It describes someone who is lacking in compassion, understanding, or concern for the suffering or difficulties of others.

Example:

  • “He was unsympathetic to her problems and offered no comfort.”

[q] Urge

[a] Urge

/ˈəːdʒ/ n. desire or impulse. v. to encourage or persuade. He had the urge to tell his parents about his acceptance to Columbia but decided against it. She urged her sister to apply to Stanford.
 

[q] Validate

[a] Validate

/ˈvalɪdeɪt/ v. to prove or declare valid. Your selfish actions do not validate your feelings for me.
 

[q] Viability

[a] Viability

/vʌɪəˈbɪlɪti/ n. ability to be done in a practical or useful way. The viability of the solution is questionable.
 

[q] Vigilance

[a]

Vigilance is the action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties. It implies being alert, watchful, and attentive to potential threats or problems.

Example:

  • “Security cameras and increased vigilance by the guards helped to prevent further thefts.”

[q] Vital

[a] Vital

/ˈvʌɪt(ə)l/ adj. urgently necessary. It is vital that you respond by the deadline.
 

[q] Vow

[a] Vow

/vaʊ/ v. to promise. My brother quickly broke his vow to never eat chocolate again.
 

[q] Warrant

[a] Warrant

/ˈwɒr(ə)nt/ v. to prove to be reasonable. Wanting to look cool in front of your friends doesn’t warrant breaking the law.

[q] Wrought

[a]

Worked into shape by artistry or effort: This refers to something that has been carefully shaped or formed, often by hand or with skill.

Example:

  • Worked into shape: “The wrought iron gate was a beautiful example of craftsmanship.”

[q] Yield

[a] Yield

/jiːld/ n. production of an amount. v. to give way to or surrender to. v. to produce or supply. The farmer’s annual pumpkin yield exceeded 10,000. Cars turning right on red must yield to oncoming traffic. Our experiment yielded many unique-looking vegetables.
 

[x] Exit text
(enter text or “Add Media”; select text to format)

[/qdeck]

Scroll to Top