Question 1:
Fig. 1.1 shows leaves from five different species of tree.
(a) (i) Use the key to identify each tree species in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter of each tree species (A, B, C, D, E) in the correct box beside the key.
(ii) State the genus of Quercus robur.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) Define the term species.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Organisms are classified into kingdoms based on their features.
State two features of plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 1(a)(i)
1(a)(ii) Quercus ;
1(b)(i) (a group of) organisms that can reproduce ;
to produce fertile offspring ;
1(b)(ii) any two from:
chloroplast / chlorophyll / photosynthesise ;
cell wall ;
(permanent) vacuole ;
presence of starch ;
AVP ;
Question 2:
(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a diagram of an animal cell.
(i) State the name of structure W on Fig. 2.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Write the letter X on Fig. 2.1 to show where chromosomes are found.
(iii) State what chromosomes are made from.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) State the sex chromosomes that are found in the body cells of a human male.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) A man and a woman have a child.
Complete the genetic diagram to show the inheritance of sex.
State the probability of the child being female.
probability of the child being female ………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 2(a)(i) cell membrane ;
2(a)(ii) X drawn in the nucleus ;
2(a)(iii) DNA ;
2(b)(i) XY ;
2(b)(ii)
1 in 2 / 50% / half / 0.5 / 1 : 1 ;
Question 3:
Eggs can be part of a balanced diet.
(a) Egg yolks are a source of iron and vitamin D.
State the dietary importance of iron and vitamin D.
iron …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
vitamin D …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Chickens lay eggs. Fig. 3.1 is a photograph of a chicken.
A farmer wanted to increase the size of his chickens.
Describe how the farmer could use selective breeding to produce larger chickens.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) New alleles are formed by mutation.
(i) Define the term mutation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) State two factors that increase the risk of mutation.
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 3(a) iron: formation of haemoglobin / transporting oxygen ;
vitamin D: absorption of calcium / formation of strong, bones or teeth / repair or maintain
skin / AVP ;
3(b) any three from:
select the chickens that are largest ;
breed these chickens together ;
select the offspring that are largest ;
repeat for (many) generations / AW ;
AVP ;
3(c)(i) genetic change ;
3(c)(ii) ionising radiation ;
(named) chemicals ;
Question 4:
(a) Fig. 4.1 shows a small pond.
A student investigated a pond ecosystem and found that:
• Frogs eat pond snails.
• The pond contains aquatic plants.
• Pond snails eat aquatic plants.
Construct a food chain for these organisms. Do not draw the organisms.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The student then investigated a seashore ecosystem.
The food web for this seashore is shown in Fig. 4.2.
(i) Complete Table 4.1 by counting the number of each type of organism in the food web.
(ii) A new species of starfish was introduced to the seashore food web in Fig. 4.2.
The starfish species eats limpets.
Predict what would happen to the number of dogwhelks and algae in this area after the starfish were introduced.
dogwhelks ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
algae …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Some bacteria that live on the seashore feed on dead material.
State the term used to describe organisms that get energy from dead or waste organic material.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 4(a) aquatic plants → snails → frogs ;;
4(b)(i)
4(b)(ii) dogwhelks: decrease ;
algae: increase ;
4(c) decomposers ;
Question 5:
Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf.
(a) (i) State the letter in Fig. 5.1 which shows where water evaporates from during transpiration.
………………………..
(ii) State the letter in Fig. 5.1 which shows where water vapour moves out of the leaf during transpiration.
………………………..
(b) Some students investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.
The apparatus they used is shown in Fig. 5.2.
They measured the rate of movement of the air bubble in the capillary tube.
(i) Water travels to the leaf along tube A.
State the name of the vessels in a plant stem that tube A represents.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The distance moved by the air bubble in three minutes was measured at different
environmental temperatures.
Table 5.1 shows the results.
(ii) Using the information in Table 5.1, calculate the rate of movement of the air bubble when the environmental temperature is 30°C.
Give your answer to two decimal places.
………………………………… mm per minute
(iii) Describe the effect of an increase in environmental temperature on the rate of transpiration shown in Table 5.1.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Water is absorbed by plants.
(i) State the name of the cells where water enters a plant.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of the process by which water moves into plant cells.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 5(a)(i) E ;
5(a)(ii) D ;
5(b)(i) xylem ;
5(b)(ii) 7.67 ;;
5(b)(iii) (increase temperature causes) increase (in the rate of transpiration) ;
5(c)(i) root hair (cell) ;
5(c)(ii) osmosis ;
Question 6:
Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a section through a human heart.
(a) (i) Complete the table to identify the labelled structures in the heart shown in Fig. 6.1.
(ii) State the name of the artery that takes blood from the heart to the lungs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Doctors sometimes monitor the activity of the heart.
State two methods for monitoring heart activity.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 6(a)(i)
6(a)(ii) pulmonary (artery) ;
6(b) ECG ;
measure, pulse / heart, rate ;
listening to valve sounds / stethoscope / ultrasound ;
AVP ;
Question 7:
(a) Fig. 7.1 shows some names and functions of structures in the alimentary canal and associated organs.
The boxes on the left show the names of structures.
The boxes on the right show functions.
Draw a straight line from each structure to the correct function.
Draw three lines.
(b) (i) Bread is a food that contains carbohydrates. A piece of bread is ingested.
Describe what happens to a piece of bread from the moment it enters the mouth until it reaches the stomach.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of a structure in the alimentary canal or an associated organ, that secretes protease.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) (i) Water is absorbed into the blood from the alimentary canal.
State where most of the water is absorbed in the alimentary canal.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Diarrhoea occurs when less water is absorbed from the alimentary canal.
State a treatment for diarrhoea.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 7(a)
7(b)(i) any four from:
mechanical digestion ;
by teeth ;
to increase surface area ;
ref. to incisors cutting / molars grinding ;
correct ref. to saliva ;
(description of) chemical digestion ;
by (salivary) amylase ;
breaks down starch ;
into sugars / glucose ;
(bolus) moved down oesophagus ;
7(b)(ii) pancreas / stomach ;
7(c)(i) small intestine ;
7(c)(ii) oral rehydration therapy ;
AVP ;
Question 8:
(a) Large molecules are made from smaller molecules.
State the name of the two small molecules that make fats and oils.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Palm oil is used in many food products. Oil palm plants can be grown as a large-scale monoculture.
Table 8.1 shows the total area used for growing oil palm plants from 1970 to 2010, in one country.
(i) Using the information in Table 8.1, calculate the percentage increase in the total area of land used for growing oil palm plants between 1980 and 2005.
…………………………………………………… %
(ii) Describe the negative impacts to an ecosystem of growing plants such as oil palm as a large-scale monoculture.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 8(a) glycerol ;
fatty acids ;
8(b)(i) 2100 (%) ;;
8(b)(ii) any three from:
reduction, in rainforest / natural habitat area ;
reduction in biodiversity ;
increase in pests ;
increase in pesticide use ;
increase in disease ;
loss of food sources for animals / food chain disruption ;
lack of light for other plants to grow ;
risk of extinction for some species ;
AVP ; e.g. decrease of nutrients in soil / loss of soil fertility
Question 9:
(a) Complete the description of the endocrine system, using words from the list.
Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.
Hormones are ……………………………………….. substances that are produced by glands and
carried by the ……………………………………….. . A hormone alters the activity of a target organ.
An example of a hormone is adrenaline, which is produced in the
……………………………………….. . Adrenaline ……………………………………….. the
breathing rate, ……………………………………….. the pulse rate and
……………………………………….. the pupils.
(b) Fig. 9.1 is a diagram of some human organs.
(i) State the letter in Fig. 9.1 that identifies the organ that produces insulin.
………………………..
(ii) State the function of insulin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State the letter in Fig. 9.1 that identifies the organ that produces urea.
………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 9(a) chemical ;
blood ;
adrenal glands ;
increases ;
increases ;
widens ;
9(b)(i) B ;
9(b)(ii) reduce blood glucose (concentration) ;
9(b)(iii) D ;
Question 10:
Proteins have many functions in the body.
(a) Circle the elements in the list that are present in all proteins.
calcium carbon hydrogen iron
magnesium nitrogen oxygen
(b) Enzymes are proteins that catalyse reactions in the body.
A scientist investigated the effect of pH on digestive enzymes K, L and M.
Their results are shown in Fig. 10.1.
(i) The pH inside the ileum is 7.4.
Use the information in Fig. 10.1 to identify which enzyme is most active in the ileum.
………………………
(ii) On Fig. 10.1, draw the expected activity of an enzyme from the stomach.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 10(a) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ;
nitrogen ;
10(b)(i) K ;
10(b)(ii) shape correct ;
positioned in the acidic pH range ;