Question
In which changes do the particles move further apart?
A W and X B W and Z C X and Y D Y and Z
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
Gases are separated from liquid air by fractional distillation.
The boiling points of four gases are shown.
Which gas is both monoatomic and a liquid at \(–200^o\) C?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Impurities change the melting and boiling points of substances.
Sodium chloride is added to a sample of pure water.
How does the addition of sodium chloride affect the melting point and the boiling point of the
water?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
The apparatus used to separate a mixture of sand, methanol and ethanol is shown.
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
A neutral atom, J, contains 45 neutrons and 35 electrons.
Which row is correct for atom J?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Lithium and fluorine react to form lithium fluoride.
A student writes three statements about the reaction.
1 Lithium atoms lose an electron when they react.
2 Each fluoride ion has one more electron than a fluorine atom.
3 Lithium fluoride is a mixture of elements.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Which definition of isotopes is correct?
A atoms of the same element that have the same number of electrons and nucleons
B atoms of the same element that have the same number of neutrons and protons
C atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of
electrons
D atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of
nucleons
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
In which molecule are all the outer shell electrons from each atom used to form covalent bonds?
A \(CH_4\) B \(Cl_2\) C \(H_2O\) D \(NH_3\)
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium and water?
A \(Ca + H_2O \rightarrow CaOH + H_2\)
B \(Ca + H_2O \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2 + H_2\)
C \(Ca + 2H_2O \rightarrow CaOH + H_2\)
D \(Ca + 2H_2O \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2 + H_2\)
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
A compound has the formula \(XF_2\) and has a relative mass of 70.
What is element X?
A gallium
B germanium
C sulfur
D ytterbium
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
The diagram shows a section of an overhead power cable.
Which statement explains why a particular substance is used?
A Aluminium has a low density and is a good conductor of electricity.
B Ceramic is a good conductor of electricity.
C Steel can rust in damp air.
D Steel is more dense than aluminium.
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Three substances are electrolysed using inert electrodes.
Which substances produce hydrogen at the negative electrode?
1 concentrated hydrochloric acid
2 concentrated aqueous sodium chloride
3 dilute sulfuric acid
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Which row describes an endothermic reaction?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Fuels release heat energy when they burn.
Which substances are used as fuels?
1 argon
2 butane
3 hydrogen
4 methane
A 1 and 3 only B 1, 3 and 4 C 2, 3 and 4 D 2 and 4 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
When zinc carbonate is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid a change, M, takes place.
When carbon is heated with copper(II) oxide a change, N, takes place.
Which row describes changes M and N?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
The apparatus shown is used to measure the rate of a reaction.
Which equation represents a reaction where the rate can be measured using this apparatus?
A \(Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow MgCl_2(aq) + H_2(g)\)
B \(HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O(l)\)
C \(Fe(s) + CuSO_4(aq) \rightarrow Cu(s) + FeSO_4(aq)\)
D \(2Na(s) + Br_2(l) \rightarrow 2NaBr(s)\)
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
P is a hydrated metal salt with a blue colour. When P is heated, water is given off, leaving solid Q.
R is a hydrated metal salt with a pink colour. When R is heated, water is given off, leaving solid S.
Which row gives the name of P and the colour of S?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Which property is shown by the alkali sodium hydroxide?
A It has a pH less than pH 7.
B It produces a gas when it is warmed with ammonium chloride.
C It turns blue litmus red.
D It turns universal indicator green.
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which element forms an acidic oxide?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of a metal ion, a grey-green precipitate forms, which dissolves in excess to form a dark green solution.
What is the identity of the metal ion?
A chromium(III)
B iron(II)
C iron(III)
D copper(II)
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Which statements describe the Periodic Table?
1 The elements are arranged in order of their nucleon number.
2 The elements are arranged in order of their proton number.
3 It is used to predict the properties of elements.
A 1 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 2 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Which row shows how the properties of the Group I elements change on descending the group?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Copper is a transition element.
Two compounds of copper are copper(II) oxide and copper(II) carbonate.
Which row describes the two compounds?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
The metal beryllium does not react with cold water.
It reacts with hydrochloric acid but cannot be extracted from its ore by using carbon.
Where is beryllium placed in the reactivity series?
magnesium
A
zinc
B
iron
C
copper
D
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
Pure iron is a soft metal.
When mixed with small amounts of tungsten it produces a hard alloy called tungsten steel.
Which statements are correct?
1 Pure iron is a transition element.
2 The particles in pure iron are arranged in ordered layers.
3 Tungsten steel is a compound.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Which row describes magnesium?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
Four equations are shown.
1\( C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2\)
2 \(CaCO_3 \rightarrow CaO + CO_2\)
3 \(SiO_2 + 2CO \rightarrow Si + 2CO_2\)
4 \(Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2\)
Which equations represent reactions that take place during the extraction of iron from hematite?
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 2, 3 and 4 D 3 and 4 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Copper is used to make saucepans.
Which properties of copper make it suitable for this use?
1 Copper has a relatively high melting point.
2 Copper has a low density.
3 Copper is a good conductor of electricity.
4 Copper is a good conductor of heat.
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Which pollutants are responsible for the erosion of buildings and statues?
1 carbon monoxide
2 oxides of nitrogen
3 sulfur dioxide
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 only
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Which combination of chemical compounds can be used to produce the fertiliser shown?
A \((NH_4)_3PO_4, KCl\)
B \(NH_4NO_3, Ca_3(PO_4)_2\)
C \(NH_4NO_3, CO(NH_2)_2\)
D \(NH_4NO_3, K_2SO_4, (NH_4)2SO_4\)
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Question
X is produced when petrol burns completely in air.
What is X?
A argon
B carbon dioxide
C carbon monoxide
D hydrogen
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Which substance is used as a bleach in the manufacture of paper?
A carbon dioxide
B nitrogen dioxide
C silicon dioxide
D sulfur dioxide
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
What is an industrial use of calcium carbonate?
A cracking of hydrocarbons
B manufacture of aluminium
C manufacture of cement
D purification of water
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Which product is formed when calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition?
A calcium
B calcium hydroxide
C calcium oxide
D calcium silicate
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
The pie chart represents the composition of natural gas.
Which sector represents methane?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Question
Which fraction, obtained from petroleum, is used for jet fuel?
A bitumen
B gasoline
C kerosene
D naphtha
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
The formula of a hydrocarbon is \(C_xH_y\).
The equation for its complete combustion is shown.
\(CxHy + 8O_2 \rightarrow 5CO_2 + 6H_2O\)
What are the values of x and y?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Pentane is an alkane and pentene is an alkene.
What is observed when bromine water is added to a sample of each compound?
Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Question
Molecule 1 undergoes a process to make molecule 2.
Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Question
Which substance has long-chain molecules and is a constituent of food?
A carbohydrate
B nylon
C poly(ethene)
D Terylene
Answer/Explanation
Ans: A