Question
A mixture of ice and water is left to stand and the ice melts.
Which row describes what happens as the ice is melting?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which piece of apparatus should be used to measure exactly $21.4 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ of water?
A $25 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ beaker
B $25 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ pipette
C $50 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ burette
D $50 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ measuring cylinder
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The chromatogram for an unknown dye is shown.
What is the $R_{\mathrm{f}}$ value of the dye?
A 0.60
B 0.64
C $\quad \mathbf{0 . 7 5}$
D 0.82
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The atomic number and nucleon number of a potassium atom are shown.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in a potassium ion, $\mathrm{K}^{+}$?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The electronic structures of two atoms, P and Q, are shown.
P and Q combine together to form a compound.
What is the type of bonding in the compound and what is the formula of the compound?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which row contains a description of metallic bonding and a property that is explained by reference to metallic bonding?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statement explains why methane has a lower boiling point than water?
A Methane has weaker covalent bonds than water.
B Methane has weaker attractive forces than water.
C Methane molecules are heavier than water molecules.
D Methane molecules have more bonds than water molecules.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
A solution of iron(III) sulfate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a red-brown precipitate.
What is the balanced equation, including state symbols, for the reaction?
A $\mathrm{FeSO}_4(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(\mathrm{aq})$
B $\mathrm{FeSO}_4(\mathrm{l})+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(\mathrm{l})$
C $\mathrm{Fe}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_3(\mathrm{aq})+6 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_3(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(\mathrm{aq})$
D $\mathrm{Fe}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_3(\mathrm{l})+6 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_3(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(\mathrm{l})$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The Haber process is a reversible reaction.
$
\mathrm{N}_2(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NH}_3(\mathrm{~g})
$
The reaction has a $30 \%$ yield of ammonia.
Which volume of ammonia gas, $\mathrm{NH}_3$, measured at room temperature and pressure, is obtained by reacting 0.75 moles of hydrogen with excess nitrogen?
A $3600 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
B $5400 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
C $12000 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
D $18000 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Dilute aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed using platinum electrodes.
What is the half-equation for the reaction at the cathode?
A $2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2$
B $\mathrm{Na}^{+}+\mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}$
C $2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_2+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
D $4 \mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{O}_2+4 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate, using inert electrodes, is shown.
Which statement about a reaction at an electrode is correct?
A Copper ions gain electrons at the negative electrode.
B Copper ions gain electrons at the positive electrode.
C Hydrogen ions gain electrons at the negative electrode.
D Hydrogen ions gain electrons at the positive electrode.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The equation for the complete combustion of methane gas is shown.
$\mathrm{CH}_4(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$
Bond energies are shown.
What is the overall energy change, in kJ /mol, for the above reaction?
A –1192 B –694 C +694 D +1192
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statements about hydrogen fuel cells are correct?
1 Water is formed as the only waste product.
2 Both water and carbon dioxide are formed as waste products.
3 The overall reaction is $2 \mathrm{H}_2+\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$.
4 The overall reaction is endothermic.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which diagram represents a chemical change?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The rate of reaction between calcium carbonate chips and hydrochloric acid is studied by collecting the volume of gas released in one minute at different temperatures. A graph of rate of reaction against temperature is shown.
Which statement fully explains why increasing the temperature has this effect on the rate?
A The kinetic energy of the particles increases so the collisions are harder.
B The number of collisions between particles increases.
C The activation energy needed for the particles to react is reduced.
D There are more frequent collisions between particles with enough energy to react.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The equation shows the equilibrium between dinitrogen tetroxide, $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}_4$, and nitrogen dioxide, $\mathrm{NO}_2$.
The colours of the reactant and product are also shown.
$
\begin{aligned}
& \mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}_4(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \\
& \text { colourless brown } \\
&
\end{aligned}
$
The forward reaction is endothermic.
Which statement is not correct?
A At equilibrium the concentrations of the reactant and the product are constant.
B At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
C When the pressure is increased a darker brown colour is seen.
D When the temperature is increased a darker brown colour is seen.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The equations for two reactions of iodide ions are shown.
reaction $1 \quad 2 \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{I}_2(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})$
reaction $2 \quad \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \operatorname{AgI}(\mathrm{s})$
Which statement is correct?
A Both reactions are redox reactions.
B Neither reaction is a redox reaction.
C Only reaction 1 is a redox reaction.
D Only reaction 2 is a redox reaction.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The graph shows how the pH of a solution changes as an acid is added to an alkali.
acid + alkali → salt + water
Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statement describes a weak acid?
A It is a proton acceptor and is fully ionised in aqueous solution.
B It is a proton acceptor and is partially ionised in aqueous solution.
C It is a proton donor and is fully ionised in aqueous solution.
D It is a proton donor and is partially ionised in aqueous solution.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The apparatus shown is used to prepare aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
What are X and Y?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Lead(II) sulfate is an insoluble salt. Which method is suitable for obtaining solid lead(II) sulfate?
A Mix aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous potassium sulfate, heat to evaporate all of the water, collect the solid and then wash and dry it.
B Mix aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous potassium sulfate, filter, collect the filtrate, crystallise, then wash and dry the crystals.
C Mix aqueous lead(II) nitrate and dilute sulfuric acid, filter, then wash and dry the residue.
D Titrate aqueous lead(II) hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid, crystallise, then wash and dry the crystals.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
A Group I metal (lithium, sodium or potassium) is reacted with a Group VII element (chlorine, bromine or iodine).
Which compound is formed when the Group I metal of highest density reacts with the Group VII
element of lowest density?
A lithium chloride
B potassium chloride
C potassium iodide
D lithium iodide
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The properties of the element titanium, Ti, can be predicted from its position in the Periodic Table.
Which row identifies the properties of titanium?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
A balloon is filled with helium. Helium is a noble gas and makes the balloon rise up in the air. The density of air is $1.23 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{dm}^3$. Which gas is helium?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which property is shown by all metals?
A They are extracted from their ores by heating with carbon.
B They conduct electricity.
C They form acidic oxides.
D They react with hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Sodium nitrate is a white crystalline solid that decomposes on heating.
Which row describes the decomposition products formed when sodium nitrate is heated strongly?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Molten iron from the blast furnace contains impurities.
The process of turning the impure iron into steel involves blowing oxygen into the molten iron and adding calcium oxide.
What are the reasons for blowing in oxygen and adding calcium oxide?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Element $Y$ reacts with copper(II) oxide to form copper. Element $Y$ will not react with zinc oxide. Copper has no reaction with zinc oxide. What is the order of reactivity of these three elements, most reactive first?
A $\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Y} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}$
B $\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Y}$
C $\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Y}$
D $\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Y} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statement shows that a liquid is pure water?
A It boils at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
B It has a $\mathrm{pH}$ value of 7 .
C It turns blue cobalt(II) chloride pink.
D It turns white copper(II) sulfate blue.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A combustion
B decomposition
C photosynthesis
D respiration
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process.
$
\mathrm{N}_2(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NH}_3(\mathrm{~g})
$
What are the conditions used in the Haber process?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Coating iron helps to prevent rusting. Which coating will continue to protect the iron even when the coating is damaged?
A copper
B paint
C plastic
D zinc
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
A student suggests three uses of calcium carbonate (limestone).
1 manufacture of cement
2 manufacture of iron
3 treating alkaline soils
Which suggestions are correct?
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The Contact process is used to manufacture concentrated sulfuric acid and consists of four steps.
Which step involves a catalyst?
A production of sulfur dioxide gas
B production of sulfur trioxide gas
C production of oleum
D production of concentrated sulfuric acid
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which row about the production of ethanol by fermentation is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statement about homologous series is correct?
A Members of a homologous series have the same structural formula.
B Members of a homologous series all have similar chemical properties.
C Members of a homologous series all have similar physical properties.
D Members of all homologous series are hydrocarbons.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Increasing the number of atoms in one molecule of a hydrocarbon increases the amount of energy released when it burns.
What is the correct order?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Some properties of an organic compound J are listed.
● It is a liquid at room temperature.
● It is soluble in water.
● A solution of J reacts with calcium carbonate to form carbon dioxide.
● A solution of J has a pH of 3.
In which homologous series does J belong?
A alkane
B alkene
C alcohol
D carboxylic acid
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Ethane, $\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6$, reacts with chlorine in a substitution reaction.
What are the products of this reaction?
A chloroethane and hydrogen
B chloroethane and hydrogen chloride
C chloroethene and hydrogen
D chloroethene and hydrogen chloride
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which polymers or types of polymer are synthetic?
1 carbohydrates
2 nylon
3 proteins
4 Terylene
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D