Question
The diagram shows the result of dropping a purple crystal into water.
Which processes take place in this experiment?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which row about elements, mixtures and compounds is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The atomic structures of four particles, W, X, Y and Z, are shown.
Which particles are isotopes of the same element?
A W and \(\mathrm{X}\)
B W and \(Y\)
C \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\)
D \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Z}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statement explains why isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?
A They have the same number of outer shell electrons.
B They have the same number of neutrons.
C They have different numbers of protons.
D They have different mass numbers.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Nitrogen forms a nitride ion with the formula \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\).
Which particle does not have the same electronic configuration as the nitride ion?
A \(\mathrm{Al} l^{3+}\)
B \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\)
C \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)
D \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which row describes the formation of single covalent bonds in methane?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which formula is an empirical formula?
A \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4 \mathrm{O}\)
B \(\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_8 \mathrm{O}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_7 \mathrm{COOH}\)
D \(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Heating iron sulfide, \(\mathrm{FeS}_2\), in air produces sulfur dioxide.
$
4 \mathrm{FeS}_2+11 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+8 \mathrm{SO}_2
$
What is the maximum mass of sulfur dioxide produced from \(120 \mathrm{~kg}\) of iron sulfide?
A \(\quad 64 \mathrm{~kg}\)
B \(\quad 128 \mathrm{~kg}\)
C \(\quad 240 \mathrm{~kg}\)
D \(\quad 512 \mathrm{~kg}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which substance produces hydrogen and bromine when electrolysed?
A concentrated aqueous copper(II) bromide
B concentrated aqueous sodium bromide
C dilute aqueous potassium bromide
D molten lead(II) bromide
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statements about hydrogen fuel cells are correct?
1 Water is formed as the only waste product.
2 Both water and carbon dioxide are formed as waste products.
3 The overall reaction is \(2 \mathrm{H}_2+\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\).
4 The overall reaction is endothermic.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Ethene gas, \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4\), is completely burned in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
The equation for this exothermic reaction is shown.
$
\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}
$
The table shows the bond energies involved in the reaction.
What is the total energy change in this reaction?
A \(\quad-954 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
B \(-1010 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
C \(-1313 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
D \(-1369 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which row describes the effect on the activation energy and the frequency of particle collisions when the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
13 Solid copper(II) sulfate exists in two different forms, anhydrous and hydrated.
One of these forms is blue and the other is white.
The change between these two forms is reversible.
blue form \(\rightleftharpoons\) white form
What is the blue form and how is the change from the blue form to the white form brought about?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Sodium ions, \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), and oxygen ions, \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\), combine with chromium ions to form a salt.
The salt sodium dichromate has the formula \(\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7\).
What is the oxidation state of chromium in this salt?
A +2
B +3
C +6
D +12
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The concentration of hydrogen ions in \(100 \mathrm{~cm}^3\) of \(0.1 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{dm}^3\) hydrochloric acid is higher than the concentration of hydrogen ions in \(100 \mathrm{~cm}^3\) of \(0.1 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{dm}^3\) ethanoic acid.
Which statement explains the difference in hydrogen ion concentration?
A Ethanoic acid is an organic acid.
B Ethanoic acid has a lower \(\mathrm{pH}\) than hydrochloric acid.
C Ethanoic acid is partially dissociated.
D Ethanoic acid is a strong acid.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which oxide is classified as an amphoteric oxide?
A aluminium oxide
B calcium oxide
C copper(II) oxide
D nitrogen oxide
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which method produces the salt copper(II) carbonate?
A Add copper(II) oxide to water, then add excess aqueous sodium carbonate. Filter off the precipitate.
B Add copper(II) oxide to dilute sulfuric acid, then add excess aqueous sodium carbonate. Filter off the precipitate.
C Add copper to dilute hydrochloric acid, then add aqueous sodium carbonate. Filter off the precipitate.
D Add copper(II) oxide to excess aqueous sodium carbonate. Filter off the precipitate.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statements about the trends across a period of the Periodic Table are correct?
1 Aluminium is more metallic than sodium.
2 Beryllium is more metallic than carbon.
3 Boron is more metallic than lithium.
4 Magnesium is more metallic than silicon.
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Some information about elements in Group II of the Periodic Table is shown.
Which row shows the correct trends in reactivity, density and melting point of the elements going down Group II of the Periodic Table?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
A new element oxfordium, Ox, was discovered with the following properties.
In which group of the Periodic Table should the new element be placed?
A Group III
B Group V
C Group VII
D Group VIII
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
21 Which row describes a similarity and a difference between chlorine and bromine?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statement describes transition elements?
A They have high densities and high melting points.
B They have high densities and low melting points.
C They have low densities and high melting points.
D They have low densities and low melting points.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
23 Which gas is made when powdered zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
A carbon dioxide
B chlorine
C hydrogen
D oxygen
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The diagram represents the structure of a solid.
Which solids does the diagram represent?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Steel is an alloy of iron.
Which statement explains why steel is stronger than iron?
A Steel contains carbon which is a very hard substance.
B The carbon atoms in steel bond together very strongly.
C The carbon atoms in steel make the iron atoms bond together very strongly.
D The carbon atoms prevent layers of iron atoms from sliding over each other.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
26 Three students, \(X, Y\) and \(Z\), are told that solid \(P\) reacts with dilute acids and also conducts electricity.
The table shows the students’ suggestions about the identity of \(P\).
Which students are correct?
A \(\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}\) and \(\mathrm{Z}\)
B X only
C Yonly
D Z only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which statement explains why aluminium appears to be unreactive?
A It is coated in an oxide layer.
B It has a low density.
C It is low in the reactivity series.
D It is solid at room temperature.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the mass of the carbon anode changes.
Which row describes the change and gives a reason for this change?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Several processes are used to treat domestic water.
Which row identifies a reason for the given process?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
A \(\mathrm{CO}_2+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
B \(6 \mathrm{CO}_2+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6+6 \mathrm{O}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{OH}+2 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
D \(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6+6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statement describes how the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds in methane gas in the atmosphere contribute to global warming?
A They absorb thermal energy from the Sun and emit some of this energy into space.
B They absorb thermal energy from the Sun and emit all of this energy towards the Earth.
C They absorb thermal energy from the Earth and emit all of this energy towards the Earth.
D They absorb thermal energy from the Earth and emit some of this energy towards the Earth.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The structural formulae of two hydrocarbons are shown.
$
\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3 \quad \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right) \mathrm{CH}_3
$
Which statement about the hydrocarbons is correct?
A They are both alkenes.
B They decolourise aqueous bromine.
C They are structural isomers.
D They undergo addition reactions.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The structural formula of compound \(Q\) is given.
$
\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3
$
What is compound Q?
A butyl butanoate
B butyl propanoate
C propyl butanoate
D propyl propanoate
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The fractional distillation of petroleum is shown.
Which fraction contains hydrocarbons with the longest chain length?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which equation represents the cracking of an alkane?
A \(3 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12}\)
B \(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12}+\mathrm{H}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14}\)
C \(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14} \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{C}+7 \mathrm{H}_2\)
D \(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_{10}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
What is the structure of the product of the reaction of propene with bromine?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
In reaction \(\mathrm{R}, 2000\) molecules of \(\mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2\) react to form a single molecule \(\mathrm{X}\) only.
$
2000 \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{X}
$
Which terms describe reaction \(\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2\) and \(\mathrm{X}\) ?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Part of the structure of a polymer is shown.
Which statements about the polymer are correct?
1 The polymer is nylon.
2 The polymer is formed by condensation polymerisation.
3 There are ester linkages between the monomers.
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 2 only
D 3 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The concentration of acids and alkalis can be determined by titration.
Which pieces of equipment are needed to perform a titration?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which chromatogram shows how the \(R_{\mathrm{f}}\) value of a substance is calculated?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B