Question
Which gas has the slowest rate of diffusion?
A $\mathrm{H}_2$
B $\mathrm{NH}_3$
C $\mathrm{CH}_4$
D $\mathrm{CO}_2$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
A mixture of colourless amino acids is separated using chromatography. The solvent used is propanol.
The chromatogram is sprayed with a locating agent.
Which row describes the purpose of the propanol and the locating agent?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which piece of apparatus can only measure a single fixed volume?
A $250 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ beaker
B $50 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ burette
C $100 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ measuring cylinder
D $25 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ pipette
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
In the chromatography experiment shown, which label represents the solvent front?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The atomic structure of four particles are shown.
Which particles have the same chemical properties?
A P and R only B P and S C P, Q and R D R and S
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The arrangements of the electrons in two ions formed from elements X and Y are shown.
Which equation represents the reaction between elements $X$ and $Y$ ?
A $X_2+2 Y \rightarrow 2 X^{+}+2 Y^{-}$
B $\mathrm{X}_2+2 \mathrm{Y} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{X}^{-}+2 \mathrm{Y}^{+}$
C $2 \mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{X}^{+}+2 \mathrm{Y}^{-}$
D $2 \mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{X}^{-}+2 \mathrm{Y}^{+}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which diagram shows the outer shell electron arrangement in a molecule of methanol, $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{OH}$ ?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which statement about silicon dioxide, SiO2, is correct?
A It conducts electricity because it contains free electrons.
B It is a macromolecule with four oxygen atoms bonded to each silicon atom.
C It is a simple covalent molecule.
D Its structure is similar to graphite.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Rubidium is in Group I of the Periodic Table and bromine is in Group VII.
Rubidium reacts with bromine to form an ionic compound.
Which row shows the electron change taking place for rubidium and the correct formula of the rubidium ion?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which statement explains why graphite is used as a lubricant?
A All bonds between the atoms are weak.
B It conducts electricity.
C It has a low melting point.
D Layers in the structure can slide over each other.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Sodium carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to form carbon dioxide, water and a sodium salt.
An incomplete equation for the reaction is shown.
$
\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+
$
What is the formula of the sodium salt?
A $\mathrm{Na}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_2$
B $\mathrm{Na}\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_2$
C $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$
D $\mathrm{NaSO}_4$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5 .
When calculating relative atomic mass, which particle is the mass of a chlorine atom compared to?
A a neutron
B a proton
C an atom of carbon-12
D an atom of hydrogen-1
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
What is the empirical formula of an oxide of iron, formed by reacting $2.24 \mathrm{~g}$ of iron with $0.96 \mathrm{~g}$ of oxygen?
A $\mathrm{FeO}$
B $\mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}$
C $\mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$
D $\mathrm{Fe}_3 \mathrm{O}_4$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which reaction takes place at the cathode during the electrolysis of molten nickel(II) chloride?
A $\mathrm{Cl}_2+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}$
B $2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_2+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
C $\mathrm{Ni} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
D $\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ni}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Sodium nitrate is added to water in a beaker and stirred until it dissolves.
At the end of the experiment, the beaker feels cold.
Which row describes the reaction?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which substance does not require oxygen in order to produce energy?
A coal
B hydrogen
C natural gas
D ${ }^{235} \mathrm{U}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Ethene reacts with hydrogen to form ethane.
The bond energies are shown in the table.
What is the energy change for the reaction?
A $-290 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
B $-120 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
C $+120 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
D $+290 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
A sign displayed in a flour mill is shown.
Which statement explains why there is a danger of explosion in a flour mill?
A Flour burns very quickly because it is a fine powder.
B Flour is a catalyst for combustion.
C Flour mills get hot and speed up the rate of combustion.
D The combustion of flour is exothermic.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
A student investigates the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. He follows the method shown.
- Place $1 \mathrm{~g}$ of calcium carbonate in a conical flask.
- Add excess hydrochloric acid.
- Let the reaction continue until no more gas is made.
- Repeat the experiment with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.
Which essential step has been left out of the method if he is to work out the rate of the reaction?
A heating the reaction mixture
B placing a bung in the flask
C timing the reaction
D using a catalyst
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen is shown.
$
2 \mathrm{SO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{SO}_3(\mathrm{~g})
$
The reaction is exothermic.
Which of the changes shifts the position of equilibrium to the right?
1 Increase the concentration of oxygen.
2 Increase the pressure.
3 Increase the temperature.
A $\quad 1,2$ and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The reaction between chlorine and bromide ions is a redox reaction.
$
\mathrm{Cl}_2+2 \mathrm{Br}^{-} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}+\mathrm{Br}_2
$
What is the change in oxidation state of the reducing agent in this reaction?
A -2 to 0
B -1 to 0
C 0 to -1
D 0 to +1
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
What is a characteristic of acids?
A Acids turn methyl orange indicator yellow.
B Acids have a high pH value.
C Acids react with ammonium salts to give ammonia gas.
D Acids react with carbonates to produce salts.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
Which row describes the reactions of zinc oxide?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
A student carries out an experiment to prepare pure magnesium sulfate crystals.
The diagram shows the first stage of the preparation.
He adds magnesium carbonate until no more reacts.
Which process should he use for the next stage?
A crystallisation
B evaporation
C filtration
D neutralisation
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Elements $\mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ have the same number of electron shells.
$Q$ has more electrons in its outer shell than $P$.
Which statements are correct?
$1 \mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ are in the same group of the Periodic Table.
$2 \mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ are in the same period of the Periodic Table.
$3 \mathrm{P}$ has a greater tendency to form positive ions than $\mathrm{Q}$.
$4$ The oxides of $Q$ are more basic than those of $P$.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The positions of four elements in the Periodic Table are shown.
Which element is a gas that displaces iodine from sodium iodide?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
A flammable gas needs to be removed from a tank at an industrial plant. For safety reasons, an inert gas is used.
Which gas is suitable?
A argon
B hydrogen
C methane
D oxygen
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
A strip of aluminium is placed into a test-tube containing aqueous lead(II) nitrate and left for several minutes.
Aluminium is higher than lead in the reactivity series.
Which statement explains why lead is not displaced by this strip of aluminium?
A A thin insoluble layer of aluminium nitrate forms on the aluminium.
B Nitrate ions are reduced in aqueous solution.
C The ionic bonds between lead and nitrate ions are too strong.
D There is an unreactive oxide layer on the aluminium.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statements about the metal zinc are correct?
1 It is extracted from the ore bauxite.
2 It is used to galvanise steel.
3 It is used to make the alloy brass.
4 It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.
A 2 and 3 only B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
What is the symbol of the metal used in the manufacture of aircraft because of its strength and low density?
A Al B Cu C Fe D Zn
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Ammonia is manufactured using the Haber process.
Which statement about this process is correct?
A The catalyst used for this reaction is vanadium pentoxide.
B The hydrogen used is extracted from air.
C Using a high pressure increases the yield of ammonia.
D Using a high temperature increases the yield of ammonia
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Iron can be protected from rusting by attaching a piece of a more reactive metal, e.g. magnesium, to the iron.
Which equation represents the reaction that takes place?
A $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
B $\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s})$
C $\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}$
D $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{s})$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which row describes two uses of sulfur dioxide?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Part of the carbon cycle is shown.
What are processes P, Q and R?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The structures of four organic molecules are shown.
Which molecules are structural isomers of structure 1?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which chemical equation for the substitution of an alkane with chlorine is correct?
A $\mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_8+\mathrm{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_7 \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{HCl}$
B $\mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_6+\mathrm{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_6 \mathrm{Cl}_2$
C $\mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_8+\mathrm{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_6 \mathrm{Cl}_2+\mathrm{H}_2$
D $\mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_6+\mathrm{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{HCl}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Propene is an alkene that reacts with bromine, steam and hydrogen as shown.
What are the products of these reactions?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The flow chart shows the preparation of ethanol and some important chemistry of ethanol.
$
\text { substance } X \stackrel{\text { fermentation }}{\longrightarrow} \text { ethanol } \stackrel{\text { process } Y}{\longrightarrow} \text { carbon dioxide }+ \text { substance } Z
$
What are $\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}$ and $\mathrm{Z}$ ?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statements about aqueous ethanoic acid are correct?
1 It is an alkane.
2 It reacts with sodium carbonate to form carbon dioxide.
3 It changes the colour of litmus solution from blue to red.
4 It is a hydrocarbon.
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The structure of a polymer is shown.
Which monomer forms this polymer?
A ethane
B ethene
C propane
D propene
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D