Question
The three rectangles show the arrangements of the particles in each of the three states of matter. \(\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}\) and \(\mathrm{Z}\) represent the processes needed to change from one state to another.
What are the processes \(\mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Y}\) and \(\mathrm{Z}\) ?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which substance is a pure compound?
A air
B brass
C ethanol
D petroleum
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The Group I element potassium forms an ionic bond with the Group VII element fluorine.
Which two ions are produced?
A \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)
B \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)
C \(\mathrm{K}^{-}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)
D \(\mathrm{K}^{-}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
An isotope of lithium has the symbol \({ }_3^7 \mathrm{Li}\).
What is the arrangement of electrons in one atom of this isotope of lithium?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Fluorine, \(\mathrm{F}_2\), is in the same group of the Periodic Table as chlorine, \(\mathrm{Cl}_2\).
Which diagram represents the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in a molecule of fluorine?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which use of graphite depends on the layers of carbon atoms being able to slide over each other?
A cutting tools
B electrodes
C jewellery
D lubricant
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which equations are balanced?
\(1 \mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+3 \mathrm{CO} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}+3 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
\(2 \mathrm{ZnCO}_3+2 \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnCl}_2+\mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
\(3 \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_2+2 \mathrm{NaNO}_3\)
\(4 \mathrm{CaCO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO}_4+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2\)
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The equation for the combustion of methane is shown.
$
\mathrm{CH}_4+2 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}
$
Which mass of methane produces \(36 \mathrm{~g}\) of water?
A \(16 \mathrm{~g}\)
B \(18 \mathrm{~g}\)
C \(32 \mathrm{~g}\)
D \(64 \mathrm{~g}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
What is produced at each electrode during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions using inert electrodes?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which statement about a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in a car is correct?
A The fuel cell produces heat, which powers the car.
B The fuel cell is supplied with hydrogen directly from the air.
C The only emission from the fuel cell is nitrogen gas, which is non-polluting.
D The fuel cell produces electricity, which powers an electric motor.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The reaction pathway diagram for a reaction is shown.
Which statements are correct?
1 The reaction is exothermic.
2 The reaction is endothermic.
3 The temperature of the surroundings increases.
4 The temperature of the surroundings decreases.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which process involves a chemical change?
A adding sodium to water
B boiling water
C dissolving sodium chloride in water
D producing water from aqueous sodium chloride
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
An experiment is carried out to find the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc.
$
\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnCl}_2(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g})
$
The results of the experiment are shown.
What is the label on the \(y\)-axis?
A amount of \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_2\) produced
B concentration of \(\mathrm{HCl}\)
C mass of \(\mathrm{Zn}\) reacted
D volume of \(\mathrm{H}_2\) produced
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Solid S changes colour from white to blue when water is added.
What is \(\mathrm{S}\) ?
A anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
B anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
C hydrated cobalt(II) chloride
D hydrated copper(II) sulfate
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which equation shows the reduction of copper?
A \(\mathrm{CuO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{CO}\)
B \(2 \mathrm{CuS}+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CuO}+2 \mathrm{SO}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{l})\)
D \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s})\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which solids react with dilute sulfuric acid to form aqueous magnesium sulfate?
1 magnesium
2 magnesium hydroxide
3 magnesium nitrate
4 magnesium oxide
A 1,2 and 4
B 1 and 3
C 2, 3 and 4
D 2 and 4 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which statements about an aqueous acid are correct?
1 Ammonia is formed when solid ammonium nitrate is added to an aqueous acid.
2 Effervescence is seen when sodium carbonate is added to an aqueous acid.
3 Methyl orange becomes yellow when added to an aqueous acid.
4 Red litmus remains red when added to an aqueous acid.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Copper(II) sulfate is formed by reacting excess solid copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
Which processes are part of the preparation of solid copper(II) sulfate?
1 crystallisation
2 distillation
3 filtration
4 titration
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Element \(\mathrm{X}\) forms ions with the formula \(\mathrm{X}^{2-}\).
Which row describes element \(X\) ?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which compound is likely to be coloured?
A \(\mathrm{KMnO}_4\)
B \(\quad \mathrm{KNO}_3\)
C \(\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3\)
D \(\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Chlorine, bromine and iodine are in the same group of the Periodic Table.
Which statements about these three elements are correct?
1 lodine is more reactive than chlorine.
2 They are diatomic covalent molecules.
3 They are all gases at room temperature.
4 Their atoms have seven electrons in their outer shell.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The electronic configurations of four elements, \(P, Q, R\) and \(S\), are shown.
Which elements are unreactive monatomic gases?
A P and Q
B \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{S}\)
C \(\mathrm{Q}\) and \(\mathrm{R}\)
D S only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The table shows some physical properties of four different substances.
Which row describes the properties of a non-metallic element?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The equation shows the reaction between a halogen and the aqueous ions of another halogen.
$
X_2+2 Y^{-} \rightarrow 2 X^{-}+Y_2
$
What is \(X_2\) and the colour of \(Y^{-}\)?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Zinc oxide reacts with carbon to produce zinc.
Which equation represents this reaction?
A \(2 \mathrm{ZnO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{CO}\)
B \(2 \mathrm{ZnO}+2 \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Zn}+2 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{ZnO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{CO}\)
D \(\mathrm{ZnO}+2 \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+2 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Iron nails are stored in an airtight container.
The nails begin to rust after a few days.
How can the rusting of the nails be prevented?
A Leave the lid off.
B Replace the air with argon.
C Put the container in a warm place.
D Seal the container in a bag.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Four substances present in the blast furnace during iron extraction are listed.
1 calcium carbonate
2 carbon dioxide
3 carbon monoxide
4 iron(III) oxide
Which substances are both a reactant and a product during the reactions occurring in the blast furnace?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which test is used to show that a sample of water is pure?
A Evaporate the water to see if any solids remain.
B Heat the water to check its boiling point.
C Test with anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
D Use universal indicator paper to check its \(\mathrm{pH}\).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which mixture of salts produces an NPK fertiliser?
A ammonium phosphate + potassium sulfate
B calcium phosphate + sodium nitrate
C potassium nitrate + calcium sulfate
D sodium phosphate + ammonium nitrate
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
What are the main products obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air?
A carbon dioxide and oxygen
B carbon dioxide and water vapour
C nitrogen and oxygen
D nitrogen and water vapour
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
In which reaction is the rate of reaction increased by light?
A carbon dioxide + water \(\rightarrow\) glucose + oxygen
B ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate \(\rightarrow\) sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
C ethene + bromine \(\rightarrow\) dibromoethane
D methane + oxygen \(\rightarrow\) carbon dioxide + water
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The structures of three organic molecules are shown.
Which description of the three molecules is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Petroleum is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
Which row describes a use of the named fraction?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which statement about alkanes is correct?
A They are saturated.
B They are very reactive.
C They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
D They contain double bonds.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
What is the approximate volume of nitrogen in \(200 \mathrm{~cm}^3\) of air?
A \(20 \mathrm{~cm}^3\)
B \(40 \mathrm{~cm}^3\)
C \(80 \mathrm{~cm}^3\)
D \(160 \mathrm{~cm}^3\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The apparatus used to investigate the rate at which hydrogen gas is given off when a piece of magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid is shown.
Which additional piece of apparatus is needed to determine the rate of reaction?
A balance
B burette
C stop-watch
D volumetric pipette
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which diagram shows the displayed formula of ethanol?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Ethane is used as a fuel.
Which equation shows the complete combustion of ethane?
A \(2 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6+7 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{CO}_2+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
B \(2 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6+5 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{CO}+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
C \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
D \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+2 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium nitrate and aqueous sodium hydroxide is shown.
$
\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{NaNO}_3(\mathrm{aq})
$
Which process is used to remove calcium hydroxide from the mixture?
A chromatography
B crystallisation
C distillation
D filtration
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The results of two tests on aqueous compound \(X\) are given.
What is \(X\) ?
A iron(III) nitrate
B iron(II) nitrate
C iron(III) sulfate
D iron(II) sulfate
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A