Question
A gas is placed in a sealed container. The gas has a pressure of one atmosphere and a temperature of \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
It is heated to \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
Which row describes the cause of the pressure of the gas and the effect of increasing the temperature of the gas?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Four experiments, each containing a different acidic gas, are set up as shown.
The dividing glass plates are removed at the same time.
In which set of apparatus does the litmus turn red first?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The Group I element potassium forms an ionic bond with the Group VII element fluorine.
Which two ions are produced?
A \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)
B \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)
C \(\mathrm{K}^{-}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\)
D \(\mathrm{K}^{-}\)and \(\mathrm{F}^{+}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
\(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) are atoms.
- \(X\) and \(Y\) have the same number of electron shells.
- \(X\) and \(Y\) have the same number of outer electrons.
- \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) have different mass numbers.
Which statements about \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) are correct?
\(1 \mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) are isotopes.
\(2 \mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) have the same total number of electrons.
\(3 \mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) have the same chemical properties.
A 1,2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Lithium chloride is an ionic compound and silicon(IV) oxide is a covalent compound.
Which statement about both compounds is correct?
A They are not soluble in water.
B They conduct electricity when melted.
C They do not conduct electricity in solid form.
D They have low melting points.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which equations are balanced?
\(1 \mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+3 \mathrm{CO} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}+3 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
\(2 \mathrm{ZnCO}_3+2 \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnCl}_2+\mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
\(3 \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_2+2 \mathrm{NaNO}_3\)
\(4 \mathrm{CaCO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO}_4+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2\)
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which row shows the formulae of sodium carbonate, zinc nitrate and ammonium sulfate?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which statements about hydrogen and oxygen are correct?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Graphite has a giant covalent structure.
Which statements about graphite are correct?
1 Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms.
2 There are delocalised electrons between layers of carbon atoms.
3 Graphite is a useful lubricant.
4 Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
A 1 and 2
B 1, 3 and 4
C 2,3 and 4
D 3 and 4 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which reaction pathway diagram represents an endothermic reaction?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Hydrogen burns in oxygen.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
$
2 \mathrm{H}_2+\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}
$
The table shows the bond energies involved.![]()
What is the energy given out during the reaction?
A \(-3226 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
B \(-884 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
C \(-486 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
D \(\quad-442 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which process involves a chemical change?
A adding sodium to water
B boiling water
C dissolving sodium chloride in water
D producing water from aqueous sodium chloride
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
An experiment is carried out to find the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc.
$
\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnCl}_2(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g})
$
The results of the experiment are shown.
![]()
What is the label on the \(y\)-axis?
A amount of \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_2\) produced
B concentration of \(\mathrm{HCl}\)
C mass of \(\mathrm{Zn}\) reacted
D volume of \(\mathrm{H}_2\) produced
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Hydrogen peroxide, \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2\), decomposes to form water and oxygen.
$
2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g})
$
Manganese(IV) oxide catalyses the decomposition reaction.
The reaction is investigated in four experiments.![]()
All reactions go to completion and all measurements of gas volumes are at room temperature and pressure.
Which statement is correct?
A Experiment 1 produces less gas than experiment 4, but at the same rate.
B Experiment 2 produces more gas than experiment 1, but at the same rate.
C Experiment 2 and experiment 4 each produce the same volume of gas, but at different rates.
D Experiment 3 and experiment 4 each produce the same volume of gas and at the same rate.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Sulfuric acid is produced by the Contact process.
Which row shows the typical conditions used in the process?![]()
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Which equation shows the reduction of copper?
A \(\mathrm{CuO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{CO}\)
B \(\quad 2 \mathrm{CuS}+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CuO}+2 \mathrm{SO}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{l})\)
D \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{s})\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which statement about acids is correct?
A A weak acid partially dissociates in aqueous solution.
B An acid accepts protons when added to water.
C Ethanoic acid acts as a strong acid when added to water.
D Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that ionises in water to form \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\)ions
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Copper(II) sulfate is formed by reacting excess solid copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
Which processes are part of the preparation of solid copper(II) sulfate?
1 crystallisation
2 distillation
3 filtration
4 titration
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which type of reaction is represented by the equation shown?
$
\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NO}_3^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{Na}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{PbI}_2(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{Na}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NO}_3{ }^{-}(\mathrm{aq})
$
A addition
B redox
C neutralisation
D precipitation
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which compound is likely to be coloured?
A \(\mathrm{KMnO}_4\)
B \(\mathrm{KNO}_3\)
C \(\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3\)
D \(\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
Which statements about the metal zinc are correct?
1 It is extracted from the ore bauxite.
2 It is used to galvanise steel.
3 It is used to make the alloy brass.
4 It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.
A 1,2 and 4
B 1,3 and 4
C 2,3 and 4
D 2 and 3 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The electronic configurations of four elements, P, Q, R and S, are shown.
![]()
Which elements are unreactive monatomic gases?
A P and Q
B \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{S}\)
C \(Q\) and \(R\)
D S only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Which row compares the strength of alloys with pure metals and explains the difference in strength?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Zinc oxide reacts with carbon to produce zinc.
Which equation represents this reaction?
A \(2 \mathrm{ZnO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{CO}\)
B \(2 \mathrm{ZnO}+2 \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Zn}+2 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
C \(\mathrm{ZnO}+\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{CO}\)
D \(\mathrm{ZnO}+2 \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+2 \mathrm{CO}_2\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
When a piece of aluminium foil is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, no effervescence is seen.
Which statement explains why no effervescence is seen?
A Aluminium does not make a gas when it reacts with an acid.
B Aluminium has a surface layer of aluminium oxide.
C Aluminium is less reactive than hydrogen.
D Aluminium only reacts with concentrated acid.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Iron nails are stored in an airtight container.
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The nails begin to rust after a few days.
How can the rusting of the nails be prevented?
A Leave the lid off.
B Replace the air with argon.
C Put the container in a warm place.
D Seal the container in a bag.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Four substances present in the blast furnace during iron extraction are listed.
1 calcium carbonate
2 carbon dioxide
3 carbon monoxide
4 iron(III) oxide
Which substances are both a reactant and a product during the reactions occurring in the blast furnace?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Aluminium is extracted from purified bauxite by electrolysis.
Which row shows the ionic half-equations for the reaction at each electrode?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Which test is used to show that a sample of water is pure?
A Evaporate the water to see if any solids remain.
B Heat the water to check its boiling point.
C Test with anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
D Use universal indicator paper to check its \(\mathrm{pH}\).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
Catalytic converters in car exhausts change polluting gases into non-polluting gases.
Which statements about oxides of nitrogen and car engines are correct?
1 The nitrogen in oxides of nitrogen comes from compounds in gasoline.
2 The oxygen in oxides of nitrogen comes from the air in the car engine.
3 Catalytic converters convert oxides of nitrogen into nitrogen.
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 2 only
D 3 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
The structures of two molecules, \(X\) and \(Y\), are shown.
![]()
Which row describes X and Y?
![]()
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:B
Question
What is the structure of butanoic acid?
![]()
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
When a mixture of methane and chlorine is exposed to ultraviolet light, a reaction takes place.
Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1 It is an addition reaction.
2 The ultraviolet light provides the activation energy.
3 An equation for the reaction is \(\mathrm{CH}_4+\mathrm{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2+\mathrm{H}_2\).
\(4 \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{Cl}\) is made in the reaction.
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol.
What is the catalyst for this reaction?
A aqueous potassium manganate(VII)
B iron
C sulfuric acid
D vanadium(V) oxide
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The diagram shows part of a polymer.
![]()
Which diagram shows the monomer from which this polymer is made?
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▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Nylon and PET are polymers.
Which statements about these polymers are correct?
1 They are both condensation polymers.
\(2 \mathrm{HOCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}\) could be a monomer for both polymers.
3 The complete combustion of both polymers gives two products only.
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 1 only
D 2 and 3
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
Ethane is used as a fuel.
Which equation shows the complete combustion of ethane?
A \(2 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6+7 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{CO}_2+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
B \(2 \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6+5 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{CO}+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
C \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
D \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+2 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
Question
The painkiller paracetamol is synthesised from 4-aminophenol.
Chromatography is done on an impure sample of paracetamol. The results are shown. The
diagram is not drawn to scale.
![]()
The sample of paracetamol is contaminated with 4-aminophenol only.
What is the \(R_{\mathrm{f}}\) value of 4-aminophenol?
A 0.49
B 0.65
C \(\quad 0.74\)
D 1.35
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:C
Question
The equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium nitrate and aqueous sodium hydroxide is shown.
$
\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{NaNO}_3(\mathrm{aq})
$
Which process is used to remove calcium hydroxide from the mixture?
A chromatography
B crystallisation
C distillation
D filtration
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:D
Question
The results of two tests on aqueous compound X are given.
![]()
What is \(X\) ?
A iron(III) nitrate
B iron(II) nitrate
C iron(III) sulfate
D iron(II) sulfate
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans:A
