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Question 1

Topic – 1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques

A student uses a metre ruler to measure the length of a sheet of paper.
Which measurement is shown to the nearest millimetre?

A) 0.2932 m
B) 0.293 m
C) 0.29 m
D) 0.3 m

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 2

Topic – 1.2 Motion

A rocket travels with an average speed of 6 km/s for 2 minutes.
What is the distance travelled by the rocket?

A) 12 km
B) 50 km
C) 720 km
D) 12000 km

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 3

Topic – 1.5.1 Effects of forces

The diagram shows the vertical forces acting on a ball as it falls vertically through the air. The ball does not reach terminal velocity.

Which row describes what happens to the resultant force on the ball and what happens to the acceleration of the ball as it falls through the air?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 4

Topic – 1.2 Motion

A coconut falls from a palm tree. At X, it has just started falling. Y is the point just before it hits the ground.

What is the acceleration of the coconut at X? (Air resistance can be ignored.)

A) zero
B) less than that at Y
C) the same as that at Y
D) more than that at Y

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 5

Topic – 1.5.1 Effects of forces

A car is driven round a bend in the road at a constant speed.

What is the direction of the resultant force on the car when it is going round the bend?

A) parallel to the motion and in the same direction as the motion
B) parallel to the motion and in the opposite direction to the motion
C) perpendicular to the motion and towards the inside of the bend
D) perpendicular to the motion and towards the outside of the bend

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 6

Topic – 1.5.2 Turning effect of forces

The diagram shows a drawbridge that is attached to a wall by a hinge at one end and a cable at the other.

The weight of the drawbridge and the tension in the cable are represented by the labelled arrows in the diagram. There is a third force at the hinge, which is not shown. The drawbridge is in equilibrium.
Which arrow shows a possible direction for the force at the hinge?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 7

Topic – 1.6 Momentum

Which equation gives the momentum change of an object?

A) momentum change = \(\frac{force}{area}\)
B) momentum change = force × distance
C) momentum change = force × \(\frac{distance}{time}\)
D) momentum change = force × time 

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 8

Topic – 1.7.3 Energy resources

Which statement about the use of nuclear fuel as an energy resource is correct?

A) It obtains its energy from the Sun.
B) It has no environmental impact.
C) Nuclear power stations do not need turbines.
D) The energy is released by nuclear fission.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 9

Topic – 1.7.2 Work

The diagram shows an object of mass m being projected with speed v from a point P to a point Q on top of a cliff height h.
The object does work W against air resistance as it travels from P to Q.

What is the kinetic energy of the object when it reaches point Q?

A) \(\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\) + mgh + W
B) \(\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\) + mgh – W
C)  \(\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\) – mgh + W
D) \(\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\) – mgh – W

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 10

Topic – 1.7.4 Power

The diagram shows a Sankey diagram for an electric drill.

What is the total wasted energy shown by the diagram?

A) 120 J
B) 200 J
C) 360 J
D) 560 J

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 11

Topic – 1.8 Pressure

An elephant of weight 45000 N stands with all four feet on the floor.
The average pressure on the floor due to the elephant foot in contact with it is 34000 Pa.
What is the area of each foot of the elephant?

A) 0.19 \(m^{2}\)
B) 0.33 \(m^{2}\)
C) 0.76 \(m^{2}\)
D) 1.3 \(m^{2}\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 12

Topic – 2.2.2 Specific heat capacity

Some air is trapped inside a metal container with a tightly fitting lid.

The container is heated strongly behind a safety screen. The lid is blown off by the increased pressure of the air inside the container.
What causes the increase in pressure of the air inside the container?

A) Each air particle expands and takes up more room.
B) The air particles move more quickly.
C) The number of particles inside the container increases.
D) The volume occupied by the air decreases.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 13

Topic – 2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

A very hot mug of coffee is near a large unheated swimming pool holding 2.0 × 106 kg of water.
Which statement is correct?

A) If the mug of coffee is tipped in the pool, the coffee will lose much more internal energy than the water in the pool gains.
B)The internal energy of a substance depends only on its temperature.
C) The internal energy of the water in the pool is lower than the internal energy of the mug of coffee.
D) When the temperature of the mug of coffee falls, its internal energy will decrease.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 14

Topic – 2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

A student measures the mass of water in an open container over two hours. The container is kept in a warm room. The results are in the table.

Why does the mass of the water change?

A) The water evaporates.
B) The water freezes.
C) The water condenses.
D) The water boils.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 15

Topic – 2.2.2 Specific heat capacity

A 1 kg block of aluminium requires more thermal energy to raise its temperature by 1° C than a 1 kg block of copper requires.
Why is this?

A) Aluminium is a better conductor of thermal energy than copper.
B) Aluminium is a poorer conductor of thermal energy than copper.
C) Aluminium has a higher specific heat capacity than copper.
D) Aluminium has a lower specific heat capacity than copper.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 16

Topic – 2.2.3 Melting, boiling and evaporation

A block of ice is at a temperature of –100° C. Energy is supplied at a constant rate. The graph shows how its temperature changes.

At which points have the ice completely changed state to water and all the water completely changed state to steam?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 17

Topic – 3.1 General properties of waves

Water waves are reflected at a plane surface.
Which property of the waves is changed by the reflection?

A) direction of propagation
B) frequency
C) speed
D) wavelength

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 18

Topic – 3.2.2 Refraction of light

A light ray is passed through air, glass and water.

At which points does the light speed decrease?

A) W and X
B) W and Y
C) X and Z
D) Y and Z

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 19

Topic – 3.1 General properties of waves

Plane water waves approach a narrow gap in a barrier.
Which diagram shows the diffraction pattern that would occur?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 20

Topic – 3.2.2 Refraction of light

A ray of light enters a transparent plastic wedge from air and is incident on the lower surface at the critical angle, as shown.

The angle of incidence is i, the angle of refraction is r, and the critical angle is c.
In which ray diagram are the angles labelled correctly?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 21

Topic – 3.2.3 Thin lenses

An object is placed 20 cm in front of a thin converging lens. The scale diagram shows how the lens forms a real, inverted image.

Which row gives the focal length of the lens and the distance of the image from the lens?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 22

Topic – 3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves.
What is the wavelength of a radio wave of frequency 2.0 × \(10^{5}\) Hz?

A 0.00067 m
B 0.0015 m
C 670 m
D 1500 m

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 23

Topic – 3.4 Sound

A candle flame is placed in front of a loudspeaker.
The loudspeaker produces a sound wave that causes air particles to vibrate. The vibrating air particles make the candle flame vibrate in the same direction as the air particles.

Which row shows the direction of vibration of the candle flame and the nature of sound waves?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 24

Topic – 4.1 Simple phenomena of magnetism

The diagram shows part of the magnetic field around a strong magnet.
In which position does a magnetic pole experience the strongest force?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 25

Topic – 4.2.2 Electric current

There is a current of 0.60 A in a closed circuit.
How much charge passes a point in the circuit in 2.5 min?

A) 0.24 C
B) 1.5 C
C) 90 C
D) 5400 C

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 26

Topic – 4.2.3 Electromotive force and potential difference

Which two physical quantities have the unit J/C?

A) charge and energy
B) charge and potential difference (p.d.)
C) electromotive force (e.m.f.) and p.d.
D) e.m.f. and charge

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 27

Topic – 4.2.4 Resistance

A copper wire is placed in an electrical circuit and its resistance is measured. The wire is then replaced with a second copper wire with twice the length and a quarter of the diameter.
What is the ratio of the resistance for the two wires?

A) 1 : 2
B) 1 : 4
C) 1 : 8
D) 1 : 32

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 28

Topic – 4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components

Which circuit contains a diode connected in series with a fixed resistor?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 29

Topic – 4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits

In the circuit shown, resistor X has twice the resistance of resistor Y.

Which statement about the circuit is correct?

A) The current in the cell is greater than the current in X.
B) The current in X is greater than the current in Y.
C) The potential difference (p.d.) across the cell is greater than the p.d. across X.
D) The p.d. across X is greater than the p.d. across Y.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 30

Topic – 4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits

A 4 Ω resistor and an 8 Ω resistor are connected in series with a power supply.
A voltmeter connected across the 8 Ω resistor reads 36 V.
What is the voltmeter reading when it is connected across the 4 Ω resistor?

A) 12 V
B) 18 V
C) 72 V
D) 108 V 

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 31

Topic – 4.5.3 Magnetic effect of a current

A metal rod, XY, is placed in a magnetic field so that it is perpendicular to the field, as shown.

In which direction is the rod moved so that there is an induced current from Y to X?

A) left to right
B) right to left
C) into the paper, away from the observer
D) out of the paper, towards the observer

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 32

Topic – 4.5.5 The d.c. motor

The diagram shows a basic electric motor.

What are the names of the features?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 33

Topic – 4.5.6 The transformer

Two transformers, P and Q, each have 2000 turns on their primary coils and 1000 turns on their secondary coils. Both transformers are 100% efficient.
The secondary of transformer P is connected to the primary of transformer Q.
Q provides a motor with a current of 0.2 A.
What is the current being supplied to the primary of transformer P?

A) 0.8 A
B) 0.4 A
C) 0.1 A
D) 0.05 A

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 34

Topic – 5.1.1 The atom

α-particles are directed at a metal foil.
Most of the particles pass through the foil with little change in direction.
A small proportion of the particles are scattered back through large angles.
What does this evidence suggest about the structure of an atom?

A) It consists of a charged centre much smaller than the size of the atom and with little of the mass of the atom.
B) It consists of a negative charge the size of the atom containing small positive charges scattered through it.
C) It consists of a charged centre much smaller than the size of the atom but with most of the mass of the atom.
D) It consists of a positive charge the size of the atom containing small negative charges scattered through it.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 35

Topic – 5.2.3 Radioactive decay

Which statement correctly compares the properties of alpha-particles and beta-particles?

A) Alpha-particles are less penetrating than beta-particles because alpha-particles are less ionising.
B) Alpha-particles are less penetrating than beta-particles because alpha-particles are more ionising.
C) Alpha-particles are more penetrating than beta-particles because alpha-particles are less ionising.
D) Alpha-particles are more penetrating than beta-particles because alpha-particles are more ionising.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 36

Topic – 5.2.3 Radioactive decay

Which statement about alpha decay is correct?

A) The nucleus loses electrons.
B) The nucleus changes to that of a different element.
C) The nucleus does not decay until after one half-life.
D) After two half-lives, alpha decay always stops.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 37

Topic – 5.2.4 Half-life.

An explosion in a nuclear reactor spreads the isotope caesium -137,  \(_{55}^{137}\textrm{Cs}\) across a large area.
After 90.0 years have passed, the quantity of caesium-137 present is 12.5% of its original level.
What is the half-life of caesium-137?

A) 11.3 years
B) 22.5 years
C) 30.0 years
D) 45.0 years

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 38

Topic – 6.1.2 The Solar System

Which type of object rotates around the Sun with an elliptical orbit?

A) planet
B) galaxy
C) red giant
D) moon

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 39

Topic – 6.2.1 The Sun as a star

Which statement about the Sun is correct?

A) The nuclear reactions in the Sun create mainly radio waves and microwaves.
B) The Sun is powered by fission reactions in which hydrogen is converted into helium.
C) The Sun is powered by fission reactions in which lithium is converted into helium.
D) The Sun is powered by fusion reactions and electromagnetic radiation is produced.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 40

Topic – 6.2.3 The Universe

To determine the value of the Hubble constant, an astronomer measures the distance of a galaxy from the Earth as 2.5 × \(10^{21}\) km.
She also measures the speed of recession of the galaxy from the Earth as 5.2 × \(10^{3}\) km/s.
From these data, what is the value of the Hubble constant?

A) 7.7 × \(10^{-26} s^{-1}\)
B) 2.1 × \(10^{-18} s^{-1}\)
C) 4.8 × \(10^{17} s^{-1}\)
D) 1.3 × \(10^{25} s^{-1}\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

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