Question 1
Topic (a) – 1.2 Motion
Topic (b) – 1.2 Motion
Topic (c) – 1.2 Motion
Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist riding a bicycle.
(a) State the speed of the cyclist at time = 15 s.
speed of cyclist = …………………………………………. m / s
(b) Describe the motion of the cyclist
1. from time = 0 to time = 5 s ……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. from time = 10 s to time = 20 s ………………………………………………………………………………….
3. from time = 20 s to time = 30 s ………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the cyclist from time = 20 s to time = 30 s.
distance = ………………………………………………m
▶️Answer/Explanation
1(a) 8.0 m / s
1(b) 1. accelerating OR acceleration
2. steady or constant speed
3. decelerating OR deceleration
1(c) 40 m
\( \frac{1}{2}\) × 8.0 × 10
distance (travelled) = area below speed – time graph
Question 2
Topic (a) – 1.5 Forces
Topic (b) – (i) 1.7.2 Work
Topic (b) – (ii) 1.7.1 Energy
Topic (c) – 1.8 Pressure
A person pushes a pushchair. A young child rides in the pushchair. Fig. 2.1 shows horizontal forces acting on the front wheel of the pushchair.
(a) Calculate the resultant of the horizontal forces shown in Fig. 2.1.
resultant force = ………………………………………………….. N
direction = ………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Another person pushes a shopping trolley with a force of 40 N. The shopping trolley moves at a constant speed along a horizontal path.
Calculate the work done by the 40 N force to move the shopping trolley a distance of 50 m.
work done = ……………………………………………… J
(ii) The work done on the shopping trolley as it starts moving is transferred into other energy stores.
State two such energy stores.
(c) In (a), the weight of the pushchair and child is 240 N.
The total area of contact with the ground is 38 cm2.
Calculate the pressure on the ground due to the pushchair and child.
pressure on ground = ……………………………………… N/\(cm^{2}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
2(a) 30 – 10 = 20 N
forwards OR in direction of 30 N force
2(b) (i) work done = 2000 (J)
work done = 40 × 50
work done = force × distance (moved in direction of force) OR (W) = F × d
(ii) internal OR thermal energy (of surroundings / tyres)
kinetic energy
2(c) pressure = 6.3 (N/\(cm^{2}\))
pressure = 240 ÷ 38 (C2)
pressure = force ÷ area OR (p) = F ÷ A
Question 3
Topic (a) – 1.4 Density
Topic (b) – 1.4 Density
A student determines the density of a metal. Fig. 3.1 shows an irregularly shaped piece of the metal and some equipment.
(a) Describe how the student can find the volume of the piece of metal.
In your answer you may refer to some or all of the equipment shown in Fig. 3.1.
(b) The mass of another piece of the metal is 350 g. The volume of this piece of metal is 18 cm3.
Calculate the density of the metal.
density = ………………………………………. g/\(cm^{3}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
3(a) any three from:
• part fill measuring cylinder with water
• measure / note volume (of water)
• submerge metal in measuring cylinder
• determine increase in volume OR measure new volume of water (and metal)
AND
• find the difference in the two volumes OR increase in volume = volume of metal
3(b) 19 (g/\(cm^{3}\))
350 ÷ 18
density = mass ÷ volume OR ρ = m ÷ V
Question 4
Topic (a) – (i) 1.7.1 Energy
Topic (a) – (ii) 1.7.1 Energy
Topic (b) – 1.7.2 Work
Topic (c) – 1.7.3 Energy Resources
(a) Fig. 4.1 shows the energy transfers in a lamp.
(i) State the value of the wasted output energy.
wasted output energy = ………………………………………………
(ii) The energy that is wasted is transferred to an energy store. State the energy store that is
increased by the wasted energy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) A 15 W lamp is switched on for 5.0 minutes.
Calculate the electrical work done in the lamp circuit during this time.
electrical energy supplied = ……………………………………………… J
(c) The lamp uses electrical energy that is generated by a wind turbine. Fig. 4.2 shows a wind turbine.
Describe three energy transfers that take place when energy from the Sun causes electrical energy to be generated by the wind turbine.
▶️Answer/Explanation
4(a) (i) wasted output energy = 12 J
(ii) (form of energy wasted is) internal OR thermal (energy)
4(b) energy = 4500 J
energy = 15 × 300
power = energy ÷ time OR energy = power × time
5.0 minutes = 300 s
4(c) any three from:
• infrared OR e-m waves (from Sun) heat atmosphere
• thermal energy transfers to kinetic energy of wind
• kinetic energy of wind transfers to KE of turbine / blades
• KE of turbine transfers to KE of generator
• generator transfers kinetic energy to electrical energy
Question 5
Topic (a) – 2.1.2 Particle model
Topic (b) – 2.1.2 Particle model
Fig. 5.1 shows a metal box. The air in the box is at room temperature, 20°C.
Air cannot leave or enter the box.
(a) Describe the motion, separation and arrangement of the air particles in the metal box.
(b) A student puts the box in a freezer. The temperature of the air in the box decreases.
Describe the changes in the motion of the air particles in the box when the temperature decreases.
▶️Answer/Explanation
5(a) any three from:
• random motion (of particles)
• high speed
• widely separated (compared to particles in liquid or solid)
• random arrangement
• constantly colliding (with each other / walls)
5(b) any two from:
• speed decreases
• (because) kinetic energy OR (internal) energy decreases
• (and so) collision rate decreases
Question 6
Topic (a) – 3.4 Sound
Topic (b) – 3.4 Sound
Fig. 6.1 shows some students near some rocky cliffs looking at a boat at sea. The students watch a firework display on the boat. One of the fireworks bursts and makes a loud sound.
(a) The students hear a loud sound from the firework and then they hear a quieter, similar sound.
State what causes the second quieter, similar sound.
(b) The time from when the students see the firework burst to when they hear the first, loud sound is 1.3 s.
Calculate the distance from the firework to the students.
Use the speed of sound in air = 340 m/s.
distance to firework = …………………………………………….. m
▶️Answer/Explanation
6(a) (sound is) reflected (from cliff ) OR echo (from cliff)
6(b) d = 440 m
d = 340 × 1.3
d = s × t OR s = d ÷ t
Question 7
Topic (a) – 3.1 General properties of waves
Topic (b) – 3.1 General properties of waves
Topic (d) – 3.1 General properties of waves
(a) A student demonstrates three different processes that change the direction of water waves in a ripple tank.
Fig. 7.1, Fig. 7.2 and Fig. 7.3 illustrate the three processes.
State the name of the process shown in Fig. 7.1.
State the name of the process shown in Fig. 7.2.
State the name of the process shown in Fig. 7.3.
(iv) Give a reason why the waves in Fig. 7.3 change direction as they move from deep water to shallow water.
(b) Describe the direction of vibration of particles in a transverse wave.
Fig. 7.4 lists examples of waves. Two of the examples are transverse waves.
Indicate which of the examples are transverse waves.
Put a tick (✔) in the box next to each example of a transverse wave.
(d) The velocity of a wave is 1500 m/s. The frequency of the wave is 250 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength = …………………………………………….. m
▶️Answer/Explanation
7(a) (i) reflection
(ii) diffraction
(iii) refraction
(iv) change in speed
7(b) (vibrations are) at right angles / perpendicular (to the) direction of propagation of the wave
7(c) 
7(d) λ = 6.0 m
λ = 1500 ÷ 250
velocity (of wave) OR wave speed = frequency × wavelength OR λ = v ÷ f
Question 8
Topic (a) – 3.2.3 Thin lenses
Topic (b) – 3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
(a) Fig. 8.1 shows a ray diagram for a thin converging lens.
The lens forms an image of the object. The object is positioned 30 cm from the centre of the lens.
(i) Determine the distance of the image from the centre of the lens. Use information from Fig. 8.1.
image distance = ……………………………………………..
(ii) Determine the focal length of the lens. Use information from Fig. 8.1.
focal length = ……………………………………………..
(iii) State two characteristics of the image formed by the lens in Fig. 8.1.
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows labels for part of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength.
(i) Complete Fig. 8.2 by writing the name of one type of radiation in each box.
(ii) State one use of ultraviolet radiation.
(iii) State one danger to people from excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
▶️Answer/Explanation
8(a) (i) 0.11 m
(ii) 0.08 m
(iii) any two from:
• diminished OR smaller
• inverted OR upside down
• real
8(b) (i) X (–rays) (box on left)
gamma (rays / radiation) (box on right)
(ii) security marker OR detecting fake bank notes OR sterilising (medical instruments / water / food)
(iii) damage to skin OR (surface) cells OR eyes
Question 9
Topic (a) – 4.2.2 Electric current
Topic (b) – 4.2.2 Electric current
A student tests various materials to determine whether they are electrical conductors or insulators.
The student uses the circuit shown in Fig. 9.1.
(a) The student connects a piece of tin metal between X and Y.
Describe how the student can determine whether tin is an electrical conductor.
(b) Describe electrical conduction in a metal.
Use your ideas about electrons in your answer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
9(a) either:
close switch
(see if) lamp lights OR reading on ammeter
OR
lamp lights OR reading on ammeter
(so material is (a)) conductor
OR
lamp lights OR reading on ammeter
(so must have electric) current in tin
9(b) mention of free OR de-localised electrons (in the metal) able to move from one atom / ion / particle to another when p.d. OR voltage (applied across the metal / material)
Question 10
Topic (a) – 4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power
Topic (b) – 4.4 Electrical safety
Topic (c) – 4.5.6 The transformer
In an experiment, a student uses an electrical heater connected to a power supply.
(a) The current in the electrical heater is 2.2 A. The voltage (p.d.) across the heater is 12 V.
Calculate the energy transferred to the heater in 90 s.
energy transferred = ……………………………………………… J
(b) The power supply is connected to the electrical mains by a cable that consists of three wires.
State the name for each of the three wires in the cable.
(c) The power supply includes a transformer.
The voltage (\(V_{p}\)) across the primary coil of the transformer is 228 V. The voltage (\(V_{s}\)) across the secondary coil of the transformer is 12 V. The number of turns on the primary coil (\(N_{p}\)) is 760.
Calculate the number of turns (\(N_{s}\)) on the secondary coil.
number of turns on secondary coil = …………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
10(a) energy = 2400 J
energy = 2.2 × 90 × 12
energy = current × time × voltage OR(E) = V × I × t OR (energy =) power × time OR P × t
10(b) live OR line earth OR ground neutral
10(c) 40
Ns = 12 ÷ 228 × 760 OR 228/12 = 760/ Ns
\(N_{s}\)/\(N_{p}\) = \(V_{s}\)/ \(V_{p}\)
Question 11
Topic (a) – 6.1.2 The Solar System
Topic (b) – 6.1.2 The Solar System
Fig. 11.1 represents the planets in the Solar System.
(a) In Fig. 11.1, there are four labels without the name of the planet.
For each label, state the name of the planet.
(b) Describe how the planets in the Solar System were formed.
Use your ideas about the accretion model. You may draw a diagram as part of your answer.
▶️Answer/Explanation
11(a) 1. Mercury 2. Mars 3. Jupiter 4. Saturn
11(b) any four from:
• (particles of) dust OR gas
• (gas / dust / rocks) orbiting Sun / protostar / star
• (idea of forming) a disc of material
• material (in the disc) colliding
• (and) smaller objects join to make larger objects owtte
• (accretion / combining due to) force of gravity
• (small) rocky planets formed near the Sun
• (large) gaseous planets formed furthest from Sun