Question 1
Topic (a) – (i) 1.2 Motion
Topic (a) – (ii) 1.2 Motion
Topic (b) – 1.2 Motion
Topic (c) – 1.2 Motion
Fig. 1.1 shows the distance–time graph for a student’s journey.
The student walks from his home to a shop. He stops at the shop.
Then he walks to his friend’s house and stops there for 50 minutes.
Then he walks back to his home without stopping.
(a) (i) Determine the distance between the student’s home and his friend’s house.
distance = ……………………………………………… m
(ii) Calculate the distance between the shop and the friend’s house.
distance = ……………………………………………… m
(b) Calculate the total time for which the student is walking.
time = …………………………………………… min
(c) Calculate the average speed of the student when he walks back to his home.
speed = ………………………………………….. m / s
▶️Answer/Explanation
1(a) (i) 1400 m
(ii) 800 m
1(b) 45 min
1(c) 1.2 m/s
1400 ÷ 1200
speed = distance ÷ time OR (s =) d ÷ t
(conversion of 20 min to) 1200 (s)
Question 2
Topic (a) – 1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques
Topic (b) – (i) 1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques
Topic (b) – (ii) 1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques
Topic (c) – 1.4 Density
A student wants to measure the diameter of a wire. The wire is thinner than a single gradation on her ruler. She coils the wire carefully and makes 12 loops as shown in Fig. 2.1.
(a) Describe how she can use her ruler to determine the diameter of the wire accurately.
You may draw on Fig. 2.1 as part of your answer.
(b) The student determines the density of the metal of the wire.
She folds some of the wire into a small shape as shown in Fig. 2.2.
She then puts this small shape of wire into a measuring cylinder containing water. The measuring cylinder is on an electric balance.
This procedure is shown in Fig. 2.3.
Using the information in Fig. 2.3, calculate:
(i) the mass of the wire
mass of the wire = ………………………………………………. g
(ii) the volume of the wire.
volume of the wire = ………………………………………….. \(cm^{3}\)
(c) The mass of a different wire is 64 g. The volume of this wire is 7.2 \(cm^{3}\).
Using this information, calculate the density of this wire.
density = ………………………………………. g / \(cm^{3}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
2(a) measure the width of n loops with rule
n = 10 or more loops
(diameter of one loop) = total width ÷ n if n > 1
2(b) (i) 45 g
(ii) 5.0\(cm^{3}\)
32 – 27
2(c) 8.9 (g /\(cm^{3}\))
64 ÷ 7.2
density = mass ÷ volume OR ρ = m ÷ V
Question 3
Topic (a) – (i) 1.5.2 Turning effect of forces
Topic (a) – (ii) 1.5.2 Turning effect of forces
Topic (b) – 1.7.2 Work
A car has a fault. A mechanic uses a machine to pull the car onto a recovery vehicle as shown in Fig. 3.1.
(a) Fig. 3.2 shows how the mechanic applies a force to the handle of the machine.
(i) Calculate the moment of the 26 N force about the pivot. Use the information in Fig. 3.2.
moment = …………………………………………… N m
(ii) Describe one way the mechanic can increase the moment of the 26 N force about the pivot.
(b) The car is lifted vertically 0.78 m onto the recovery vehicle, as shown in Fig. 3.3.
The weight of the car is 14,000 N.
Calculate the minimum work done on the car in lifting it onto the recovery vehicle from the ground.
Include the unit.
work done = ……………………………. unit ……………
▶️Answer/Explanation
3(a) (i) 24 N m
26 × 0.94
(moment =) force × (perpendicular) distance (from pivot)
(ii) increase distance between pivot and force owtte
3(b) 11 000
14 000 × 0.78
work = force × distance OR W = F × d
unit = J
Question 4
Topic (a) – (i) 1.7.3 Energy resources
Topic (a) – (ii) 1.7.3 Energy resources
Topic (b) – (i) 1.7.1 Energy
Topic (b) – (ii) 1.7.1 Energy
Topic (c) – 1.7.3 Energy resources
(a) Energy stored in the water behind hydroelectric dams is an example of a renewable energy source.
(i) State what is meant by a renewable energy source.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of one other renewable energy source.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Electrical power is generated from the energy store in nuclear fuels.
Fig. 4.1 shows an energy flow diagram for transferring energy from the nuclear store.
Using the information in Fig. 4.1, calculate:
(i) the percentage of energy wasted to thermal and kinetic energy stores
energy wasted = …………………………………….. %
(ii) the percentage of energy transferred as electrical working.
electrical working = ………………………………………. %
(c) Electrical power is also generated from the water behind hydroelectric dams.
State two disadvantages of generating electricity from the water behind hydroelectric dams compared with using the energy store in nuclear fuels. Ignore costs of construction and maintenance.
▶️Answer/Explanation
4(a) (i) doesn’t get depleted / continuously replenished / does not run out owtte
(ii) (energy stored in) biofuels / tides / water waves / wind / geothermal / the Sun / solar
4(b) (i) 65
(ii) 35
4(c) any two from:
• depends on rainfall /drought
• needs deep valleys / high hills owtte
• relocation of community
• disrupts habitats
• disrupts community downstream
Question 5
Topic (a) – 2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature
Topic (b) – 2.1.3 Gases and the absolute scale of temperature
A sealed glass bottle contains air.
The temperature of the air is 21 °C.
(a) Calculate the temperature of the air in kelvin.
temperature = ……………………………………………… K
(b) The temperature of the air in the bottle decreases to 14 °C.
State and explain what happens to the pressure inside the bottle. Use your ideas about gas particles.
▶️Answer/Explanation
5(a) 294 K
273 (+ 21)
5(b) • low(er) pressure
any three from:
• slow(er)particles or particles have less Kinetic Energy OR less energy in the kinetic store
• less frequent collisions (with inside of bottle)
• (collide with) less force
• pressure = force / area OR p = F ÷ A
Question 6
Topic (a) – 2.3.2 Convection
Topic (b) – (i) 2.3.3 Radiation
Topic (b) – (ii) 2.3.3 Radiation
Fig. 6.1 shows a wood burner in a cabin. The wood burner keeps the inside of the cabin warm when it is cold outside.
(a) Explain how thermal energy from the wood burner warms the cabin by convection.
Use your ideas about the density of air. You may draw on Fig. 6.1 as part of your answer.
(b) (i) The outer surface of the chimney is dull and black.
Explain how the dull black surface helps to warm the cabin.
(ii) There is shiny foil on the wall.
Explain how the shiny foil helps to warm the cabin.
▶️Answer/Explanation
6(a) (heated air) expands
(becomes) less dense
less dense air rises OR denser air sinks
6(b) (i) (dull black is) best / better / good emitter owtte of radiation / infrared
(ii) (shiny foil is) best / better / good reflector of radiation / infrared
Question 7
Topic (a) – 3.1 General properties of waves
Topic (b) – 3.1 General properties of waves
Topic (c) – 3.1 General properties of waves
(a) The direction of vibration in a type of wave is parallel to the direction in which the wave is moving.
State the name of this type of wave.
type of wave ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Fig. 7.1 represents a ripple tank showing diffraction. The ripple tank is viewed from above.
The wavefronts move from left to right until they reach a barrier. They are diffracted at a gap in the barrier.
On Fig. 7.1:
(i) draw three wavefronts to the right of the barrier
(ii) indicate and label one wavelength.
(c) The wavelength of the wave is 4.6 cm.
The speed of the wave is 38 cm / s.
Determine the frequency of the wave.
frequency = ……………………………………………..Hz
▶️Answer/Explanation
7(a) longitudinal
7(b) (i) (at least) 3 semi-circular wavefronts after gap showing diffraction wavefronts with same wavelength as before gap
(ii) one wavelength drawn on diagram
7(c) 8.3 Hz
38 ÷ 4.6
v = f × λ OR frequency= speed ÷ wavelength OR f = v ÷ λ
Question 8
Topic (a) – 4.2.1 Electric charge
Topic (b) – 4.2.1 Electric charge
(a) Fig. 8.1 represents charges on an acetate strip and on a dry cloth.
Both the acetate strip and the dry cloth are electrically neutral.
The student charges the acetate strip by using the dry cloth. The acetate strip becomes positively charged.
Explain how the acetate strip becomes positively charged.
(b) The student brings the positively charged acetate strip close to another positively charged acetate strip. Fig. 8.2 shows this situation.
Describe and explain what happens when the two positively charged acetate strips are close to each other.
▶️Answer/Explanation
8(a) friction OR rubbing (with cloth) owtte electrons / negative charges move / transfer from the acetate OR to the cloth
8(b) (strips) repel / move away (from each other) owtte same charge (on both strips) / both / they have positive charge
Question 9
Topic (a) – 4.5.5 The d.c. motor
Topic (b) – 4.5.6 The transformer
Topic (c) – 4.4 Electrical safety
(a) Fig. 9.1 represents part of a d.c. electric motor. The coil of wire rotates at a steady speed.
State two ways to make the coil rotate faster.
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows an electric fan.
The electric motor for the fan requires 120 V a.c. The mains voltage is 220 V a.c.
A transformer steps down the mains voltage as shown in Fig. 9.3.
Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil. Use the information in Fig. 9.3.
number of turns on the secondary coil = …………………………………………………
(c) A plug connects the transformer to the mains supply. There is a fuse in the plug.
Describe how a fuse works.
▶️Answer/Explanation
9(a) any two from:
• increase (battery) voltage OR larger current in coil
• increase strength of magnet(ic) field OR strong(er) magnet
• increase number of turns (in coil)
9(b) 440 turns
\(N_{S}\)= 800 × 120 / 220
\(V_{P}\)/ \(V_{S}\)= \(N_{P}\)/ \(N_{S}\)
9(c) any two from:
• large current (in fuse)
• (causes) fuse to melt
• isolating appliance from supply OR prevents / stops current in appliance
Question 10
Topic (a) – 5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission
Topic (b) – (i) 5.2.4 Half-life
Topic (b) – (ii) 5.1.1 The atom
(a) (i) Name three types of nuclear emission from radioactive sources.
(ii) State the type of nuclear emission which has a relative charge of +2.
(iii) State the type of nuclear emission which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(b) The isotope technetium-99m decays to technetium-99.
(i) The half-life of technetium-99m is 6 hours.
Determine the fraction of technetium-99m remaining in a sample after 18 hours.
fraction remaining = …………………………………………………
(ii) The nuclide notation for technetium-99 is:
\(_{43}^{99}\textrm{Tc}\)
Complete the table below to show the number of each type of particle in a neutral atom of technetium-99.
▶️Answer/Explanation
10(a) (i) α / alpha
β / beta
γ / gamma
(ii) α / alpha
(iii) γ / gamma
10(b) (i) \(\frac{1}{8}\) OR 0.125
idea of 3 half-lives e.g. 6 + 6 + 6
(ii) 
Question 11
Topic (a) – 6.1.2 The Solar System
Topic (b) – 6.1 The Earth and the Solar System
(a) Fig. 11.1 represents part of the Solar System.
(i) State the name of planet X and the name of planet Y.
planet X ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
planet Y ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Mercury is nearer to the Sun than Jupiter is.
State two other ways in which Mercury is different from Jupiter.
(iii) Complete the sentences about the Solar System.
The accretion model states that the Solar System was formed from clouds of dust and ………………………………………….. .
The material of the Solar System was pulled together by ………………………………………….. .
The galaxy that includes the Solar System is called ………………………………………….. .
(b) Complete the following statements by adding the missing units.
(i) The Earth orbits the Sun in approximately 365 ……………………………. .
(ii) The Moon orbits the Earth in approximately one ……………………………. .
(iii) The diameter of the Milky Way is approximately 100 000 …………………………. .
▶️Answer/Explanation
11(a) (i) planet X: Venus
planet Y: Uranus
(ii) 1. Mercury rocky or Jupiter gaseous
2. Mercury small or Jupiter large
(iii) gases
(force of) gravity
the Milky Way
11(b) (i) days
(ii) month
(iii) light-years