Question 1:-
1(a)(i) – B9.3 Blood vessels
1(a)(ii) – B9.3 Blood vessels
1(a)(iii) – B9.1 Circulatory systems
1(a)(iv) – B9.2 Heart
1(b) – B9.3 Blood vessels
1(c) – B9.3 Blood vessels
1(d) – B9.4 Blood
(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the circulatory system in humans.
(i) State the name of the blood vessels labelled A and C in Fig. 1.1.
A …………………………………………………………………………
C …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Identify blood vessels B, D, and E in Fig. 1.1 as either an artery or a vein.
B …………………………………………………………………………
D …………………………………………………………………………
E …………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State the name of the structures in the circulatory system that ensure one-way flow of blood.
(iv) State the name of the part that separates the left side of the heart from the right side.
(b) The boxes on the left show the names of three types of blood vessel.
The boxes on the right show the average thickness of the wall of each type of blood vessel.
Draw lines to link each blood vessel with the average thickness of their walls.
blood vessel average thickness of wall
(c) Describe the function of capillaries.
(d) State the names of two main components of blood.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 1(a)(i) A – aorta ;
C – renal artery ;
1(a)(ii) B – artery
D – vein
E – artery ;;
1(a)(iii) valves ;
1(a)(iv) septum ;
1(b) 
1(c) exchange of (named) material between blood and tissue (cells) / AW ;
1(d) any two from:
red blood cells ;
white blood cells ;
plasma ;
platelets ;
Question 2:-
2(a)(i) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
2(a)(ii) – C8.3 Group VII properties
2(a)(iii) – C9.4 Reactivity series
2(a)(iv) – C9.6 Extraction of metals
2(a)(v) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
2(a)(vi) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
2(b) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
2(c) – C7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases
2(d) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
(a) The list gives the names of seven elements.
aluminium carbon copper chlorine
helium phosphorus sulfur
State which of the elements in the list:
(i) forms diamond and graphite ……………………………………………………………………………
(ii) is a halogen …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) is electroplated onto another metal …………………………………………………………………..
(iv) is extracted from bauxite …………………………………………………………………………………
(v) is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid …………………………………………………………
(vi) is used to sterilise drinking water ……………………………………………………………………..
(b) The formula of phosphorus oxide is P4O10.
State the number of atoms of phosphorus and of oxygen contained in one molecule of phosphorus oxide.
phosphorus ………………………………………………………………..
oxygen ………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Explain why phosphorus oxide makes an acidic solution when it dissolves in water.
(d) Phosphorus is contained in fertilisers.
State the two other elements commonly found in fertilisers.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 2(a)(i) carbon ;
2(a)(ii) chlorine ;
2(a)(iii) copper ;
2(a)(iv) aluminium ;
2(a)(v) sulfur ;
2(a)(vi) chlorine ;
2(b) phosphorus 4 oxygen 10 ;
2(c) non-metal oxides are acidic or non-metal oxides form acidic solutions ;
2(d) nitrogen ;
potassium ;
Question 3:-
3(a) – P3.4 Sound
3(b)(i) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
3(b)(ii) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
3(c)(i) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
3(c)(ii) – P5.2.4 Half-life
(a) High frequency sound waves are called ultrasound.
An ultrasound wave travels 13.5cm in 0.000090s through water.
Calculate the speed of the ultrasound wave in m/s.
speed = …………………………………………. m/s
(b) Ultrasound waves are used in hospitals to scan unborn babies.
(i) Suggest a reason why it is not safe to scan unborn babies with X-rays.
(ii) State one use for X-rays in a hospital.
(c) (i) γ-radiation is used in hospitals to kill cancerous cells.
Fig. 3.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.
Write γ-radiation in its correct place.
(ii) A source of γ-radiation in a hospital is technetium-99.
Technetium-99 has a half-life of 6 hours.
The source contains 1280 undecayed atoms.
Calculate how many atoms will have decayed after 12 hours.
number of decayed atoms = …………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 3(a) evidence of 13.5 cm = 0.135 m ;
evidence of speed = distance / time (in any form) or 0.135 / 0.000090;
= 1500 (m / s) ;
3(b)(i) ionising radiation damages / kills human cells or damages DNA ;
3(b)(ii) observing broken bones etc ;
3(c)(i) ϒ – radiation on left hand side ;
3(c)(ii) 2 half lives ; (320 remain so ) 960 atoms decayed ;
Question 4:-
4(a)(i) – B16.3 Monohybrid inheritance
4(a)(ii) – B16.3 Monohybrid inheritance
4(b)(i) – B16.1 Chromosomes and genes
4(b)(ii) – B16.1 Chromosomes and genes
4(b)(iii) – B16.1 Chromosomes and genes
4(c) – B15.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
4(d) – B15.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
(a) Albinism is a condition in humans where no pigment is made by the skin.
The allele for no albinism is dominant and represented by the letter A.
The allele for albinism is recessive and represented by the letter a.
(i) Table 4.1 shows some genotypes, phenotypes and descriptions of the genotypes for three people.
Complete Table 4.1.
(ii) Person 2 and person 3 have a child together.
Complete the Punnett square diagram in Fig. 4.1 to show the possible genotypes of the offspring.
(b) Chromosomes carry genetic information.
(i) Complete the definition of the term chromosome.
A chromosome is a thread-like structure of …………………………… ,
carrying genetic information in the form of …………………………… .
(ii) State where chromosomes are found in human cells.
(iii) State the sex chromosomes found in male gametes in humans.
……………………………… or ………………………………
(c) State the name of the male gametes in humans.
(d) State the name of the organ where male gametes are produced in humans.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 4(a)(i) 
4(a)(ii) 
4(b)(i) DNA ;
genes ;
4(b)(ii) nucleus ;
4(b)(iii) X and Y ;
4(c) sperm ;
4(d) testes ;
Question 5:-
5(a) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
5(b)(i) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
5(b)(ii) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
5(b)(iii) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
5(c)(i) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
5(c)(ii) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
5(c)(iii) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
5(d)(i) – C7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases
5(d)(ii) – C7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases
(a) Fig. 5.1 is a chart showing the composition of clean air.
Use your knowledge of the composition of clean air to determine the percentage of other gases in clean air.
Show your working.
percentage = …………………………………………….. %
(b) (i) Argon is one of the other gases in clean air.
Use the Periodic Table on page 24 to determine the electronic structure of an argon atom.
(ii) Use your answer to (b)(i) to explain why argon is very unreactive.
(iii) State one use for argon gas that depends on it being unreactive.
(c) (i) Small quantities of carbon dioxide are found in the air.
State one source of the carbon dioxide found in the air.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is a compound formed from the elements carbon and oxygen.
Describe the difference between an element and a compound.
(iii) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
State the name of one other greenhouse gas.
(d) (i) Water is neutral.
State the pH value of pure water.
pH = …………………………………………………
(ii) Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater. This causes the rainwater to become slightly acidic.
Suggest a pH value for this rainwater.
pH = …………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 5(a) 78% and/or 21% seen ;
other gases = 1% ;
5(b)(i) 2,8,8 ;
5(b)(ii) full outer shell ;
5(b)(iii) lamps;
5(c)(i) combustion of fossil fuels ;
5(c)(ii) any one from (molecule of an) element contains only one type of atom ;
compound consists of atoms of two or more elements (bound together) ;
5(c)(iii) methane ;
5(d)(i) 7 ;
5(d)(ii) 4–6 ;
Question 6:-
6(a) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
6(b) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
6(c) – P1.6.1 Energy
6(d) – P1.6.4 Power
6(e)(i) – P3.2.3 Thin converging lens
6(e)(ii) – P3.2.3 Thin converging lens
6(e)(iii) – P3.2.3 Thin converging lens
(a) Fig. 6.1 shows an athlete running on a level road.
Four forces A, B, C and D act on the runner.
Force B is the driving force which moves the athlete forward.
State the names of forces C and D.
C …………………………………………………………………………
D …………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the sentence to describe how forces change a body.
Forces may change the direction of motion of a body,
the …………………………………………………………………. of a body
and the …………………………………………………………………. of a body.
(c) The athlete runs up a hill at constant speed.
Use words or phrases from the list below to complete the sentences about the energy transfers taking place. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.
chemical potential gravitational potential
kinetic light
Stored …………………………………………………… energy from food is
transferred to …………………………………………………… energy as the athlete moves.
As the athlete moves up the hill his store of …………………………………………………… energy increases.
The speed of the athlete is constant when moving up the hill, so his …………………………………………………… energy remains constant.
(d) Explain why the athlete’s power output is greater when he runs faster.
(e) A photographer takes a photograph of the athlete using a digital camera with a thin converging lens as shown in Fig. 6.2.
Two rays of light are shown passing from the head of the athlete to the lens.
(i) A focused image of the athlete’s head is formed on the image sensor.
Complete Fig. 6.2 to show how these two rays pass from the lens to form the image on the sensor.
(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw a double headed arrow (↔) to show the focal length of the lens.
(iii) Circle two words or phrases that describe the image formed.
diminished enlarged inverted
same size upright
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 6(a) C weight ;
D drag / air resistance ;
6(b) Any two from size ;
shape ;
speed ;
6(c) chemical potential kinetic gravitational potential kinetic;
6(d) rate of work done increases;
6(e)(i) ray 1 refracts through F and meets ray 2 on the image sensor ;
ray 2 continues in a straight line onto image sensor ;
6(e)(ii) focal length correctly shown ;
6(e)(iii) inverted ;
diminished ;
Question 7:-
7(a)(i) – B8.3 Transpiration
7(a)(ii) – B8.3 Transpiration
7(a)(iii) – B8.3 Transpiration
7(b)(i) – B8.2 Water uptake
7(b)(ii) – B8.2 Water uptake
(a) A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.
Fig. 7.1 shows the apparatus used.
The student measures the distance the air bubble moves in 22 minutes.
The distance the air bubble moves is used to calculate the rate of transpiration.
The experiment is repeated at three different temperatures.
Table 7.1 shows the results.
(i) Calculate the rate of transpiration at 10°C.
Give your answer to 1 significant figure.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. mm/min
(ii) State one other factor that affects the rate of transpiration.
(iii) Define the term transpiration.
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the initial pathway of water through a plant.
(i) State the names of the cells labelled X and Y in Fig. 7.2.
X …………………………………………………………………………
Y …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the name of the process that causes absorption of water into the plant cells.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 7(a)(i) (7 / 22=) 0.318 ;
0.3 (mm / min) ;
7(a)(ii) humidity / AVP ;
7(a)(iii) any three from: water evaporates from (surfaces of) mesophyll cells ;
lost as water vapour (from plant leaves);
through the stomata ;
by diffusion ;
7(b)(i) X – root hair (cell) ;
Y – root cortex (cell) ;
7(b)(ii) osmosis ;
Question 8:-
8(a) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
8(b) – C11.6 Alcohols
8(c) – C11.6 Alcohols
8(d) – C11.6 Alcohols
8(e) – C11.6 Alcohols
8(f) – C11.6 Alcohols
Ethanol has the formula C2H5OH.
(a) State the number of different elements in one molecule of ethanol.
(b) Complete Fig. 8.1 to show the structure of ethanol.
(c) State two ways of producing ethanol.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
(d) Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.
ethanol + ………………………….. →………………………….. + …………………………..
(e) Explain why ethanol is not a hydrocarbon.
(f) Ethanol is used in alcoholic drinks.
State one other use for ethanol.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 8(a) 3 ;
8(b) 
C-O-H ;
all else correct ;
8(c) fermentation ;
reaction of ethene with steam / water ;
8(d) oxygen ;
carbon dioxide and water ;
8(e) contains oxygen ; 1
8(f) solvent / fuel ;
Question 9:-
9(a) – P1.7 Pressure
9(b)(i) – P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation
9(b)(ii) – P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation
9(b)(iii) – P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation
9(c)(i) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
9(c)(ii) – P1.5.2 Turning effect of forces
(a) Fig. 9.1 shows two different car tyres.
A car driver observes that her car sinks into soft ground when she uses tyres X. She changes the tyres on her car to Y, so that it does not sink into the soft ground.
Explain why tyre Y will cause less pressure to be exerted on the ground than tyre X.
(b) A thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the air in a tyre.
Fig. 9.2 shows a simple liquid-in-glass thermometer.
(i) State the name of the temperature scale used in the thermometer in Fig. 9.2.
(ii) The liquid in the thermometer is alcohol.
State the physical property of alcohol that varies with temperature used in this thermometer.
(iii) State the two physical properties that define the fixed points on this temperature scale.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
(c) Fig. 9.3 shows two horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.
(i) Calculate the size and direction of the resultant horizontal force on the car.
size of resultant force = ……………………………………………………………………………….
direction of resultant force …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The driver of the car applies the brakes to slow the car.
Fig. 9.4 shows the force from the driver’s foot on the brake pedal.
Calculate the moment of the force from the driver’s foot about the pivot.
moment = ………………………………………… Ncm
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 9(a) any one from greater surface area (in contact with ground) ;
same force acts over a larger area ;
9(b)(i) celsius ;
9(b)(ii) volume ;
9(b)(iii) melting point of ice / freezing point of water (0) ;
boiling point of water (100) ;
9(c)(i) 350 (N) ;
to the right / forward ;
9(c)(ii) moment = force × (perpendicular) distance or formula or 40 × 18 ;
= 720 (N cm) ;
Question 10:-
10(a)(i) – B5.1 Enzymes
10(a)(ii) – B5.1 Enzymes
10(b) – B6.1 Photosynthesis and B12.1 Respiration
10(c) – B1.1 Characteristics of living organisms
(a) (i) Define the term enzyme.
(ii) Fig. 10.1 is a graph showing the activity of enzyme A at different pH values.
Describe the trend shown in Fig. 10.1.
Use data in your answer.
(b) Photosynthesis and respiration are both enzyme-controlled reactions.
The table shows some features of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Place ticks (3) in the boxes to show the correct features of each process.
(c) Respiration is one of the characteristics of living organisms.
State three other characteristics of living organisms.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 10(a)(i) a protein ;
(that functions as) a biological catalyst ;
10(a)(ii) enzyme activity increases then decreases (with increasing pH) ;
optimum / peak / maximum activity, at pH7 ;
10(b) 
10(c) any three from:
movement ;
sensitivity ;
reproduction ;
growth ;
excretion ;
nutrition ;
Question 11:-
11(a) – C9.3 Alloys and their properties
11(b) – C8.4 Transition elements
11(c) – C12.5 Identification of ions and gases
11(d) – C9.5 Corrosion of metals
11(e)(i) – C2.3 Isotopes
11(e)(ii) – C2.3 Isotopes
11(f) – C9.4 Reactivity series
(a) State the name given to mixtures made from a metal with other elements.
(b) Iron is an element in Period 4 of the Periodic Table.
State the name of the collection of metals in Period 4 that contains iron.
(c) Describe the test used to identify iron(II) ions and give the observation for a positive result.
test ………………………………………………………………….
observation …………………………………………………….
(d) State the two substances that react with iron to make rust.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………………………………………………….
(e) An isotope of iron has a proton number of 26 and a nucleon number of 58.
(i) Deduce the number of neutrons and the number of electrons in this isotope of iron.
neutrons = ………………………………………………………
electrons = ………………………………………………………
(ii) State the meaning of the term isotope.
(f) A teacher reacts dilute hydrochloric acid with four metals.
The observations are shown in Table 11.1.
Place the four metals in order of their reactivity from the most reactive to the least reactive.
most reactive ……………………………………………………………………..
least reactive ………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 11(a) alloy ;
11(b) transition elements / metals ;
11(c) aqueous sodium hydroxide ;
green precipitate ;
11(d) oxygen ;
water ;
11(e)(i) neutrons = 32 ;
electrons = 26 ;
11(e)(ii) atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons ;
11(f) lithium calcium iron silver lithium and / or silver correct ;
all else correct ;
Question 12:-
12(a) – P4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components
12(b)(i) – P4.2.4 Resistance
12(b)(ii) – P4.4 Electrical safety
12(c)(i) – P2.3.1 Conduction
12(c)(ii) – P2.3.2 Convection
12(d) – P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation
12(e) – P1.6.3 Energy resources
A room in a house has an electric heater.
(a) Fig. 12.1 shows part of the circuit containing the heater.
Complete the circuit diagram in Fig. 12.1 by adding the correct electrical symbol for a fuse.
(b) When the circuit is switched on, the current in the heater is 3A and the supply voltage is 240V.
(i) Calculate the resistance of the heater.
State the unit of your answer.
resistance = ……………………………….. unit ………..
(ii) The fuse in the circuit needs to be replaced.
Explain why a 5A fuse is used and not a 3A fuse.
(c) Fig. 12.2 shows the heater as part of an underfloor heating system.
(i) When the heater is switched on, thermal energy passes through the solid floor to heat the air in the room.
The temperature of the air in the room increases slowly.
State the method of thermal energy transfer through the solid floor.
(ii) State the method of thermal energy transfer that heats all the air in the room.
(d) Some water spills onto the floor and evaporates.
Describe evaporation in terms of the motion of water molecules.
(e) There are solar cells on the roof of the house.
State one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity using solar cells. Do not include the cost.
advantage ………………………………………………………………………
disadvantage ………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 12(a) fuse inserted in gap using the correct symbol ;
12(b)(i) evidence of resistance = voltage / current (in any form) or 240 / 3 ;
= 80 ;
Ω / ohms ;
12(b)(ii) fuse needs to be slightly greater than maximum current (or it would blow in normal use) ;
12(c)(i) conduction ;
12(c)(ii) convection ;
12(d) faster moving / most energetic molecules (leave) ;
(leave) from the surface of the liquid ;
12(e) renewable energy / does not produce CO2 etc ;
need sunlight / only works during the day etc ;