Home / 0654_s22_qp_22

Question 1: (Subtopic code-B1.1)

Which statement about the characteristics of living organisms is correct?

A. Excretion is the chemical reactions in cells that release energy.

B. Nutrition is the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.

C. Respiration is the process that makes more of the same kind.

D. Sensitivity is the removal of toxic materials and excess substances.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Nutrition refers to the process by which organisms take in materials from the environment for energy, growth, and development. Excretion is the removal of waste products, respiration is the process of releasing energy from food, and sensitivity is the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

Question 2: (Subtopic code-B2.1)

Which statement about cells is correct?

A. Cell membranes are found only in animal cells.

B. Cell membranes are found only in plant cells.

C. Cell walls are found only in animal cells.

D. Cell walls are found only in plant cells.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: Cell walls are a feature of plant cells, providing structural support and protection. Animal cells do not have cell walls, but both plant and animal cells have cell membranes.

Question 3:(Subtopic code-B4.1)

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of protein in a food sample?

A. Benedict’s solution

B. Biuret

C. Ethanol

D. Iodine

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: The Biuret test is used to detect the presence of proteins. It turns purple in the presence of peptide bonds, which are found in proteins.

Question 4: (Subtopic code-B5.1)

Which effect will temperature change have on enzyme activity?

A. High temperatures will denature them, making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit in the active site.

B. High temperatures will denature them, making it easy for substrate molecules to fit in the active site.

C. Low temperatures will denature them, making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit in the active site.

D. Low temperatures will denature them, making it easy for substrate molecules to fit in the active site.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: High temperatures can denature enzymes, altering their shape and making it difficult for substrate molecules to fit into the active site. Low temperatures slow down enzyme activity but do not denature them.

Question 5: (Subtopic code-B6.1)

Which graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, if all other factors are kept constant?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity up to a certain point, after which it plateaus. Graph D correctly shows this relationship.

Question 6: (Subtopic code-B7.2)

The diagram shows part of the digestive system.

Which labelled parts produce digestive enzymes, absorb water, and store bile?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: Part R (pancreas) produces digestive enzymes, part S (large intestine) absorbs water, and part P (gallbladder) stores bile.

Question 7: (Subtopic code-B9.2)

The table shows the blood pressures in the left ventricle and aorta at various times in a cardiac cycle. Which row shows the blood pressures when blood starts to leave the heart?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: Blood starts to leave the heart when the pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta. This occurs when the ventricular pressure is 16.0 and the aortic pressure is 10.0.

Question 8: (Subtopic code-B11.1)

Which component of tobacco smoke reduces the amount of oxygen that red blood cells can carry to the cells of the body?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Carbon monoxide

C. Nicotine

D. Tar

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen that can be carried by red blood cells.

Question 9: (Subtopic code-B13.1)

A person who is red-green color blind cannot distinguish between red and green colors. Which part of the eye is responsible for this?

A. Cornea

B. Iris

C. Lens

D. Retina

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: The retina contains photoreceptor cells (cones) that detect color. Red-green color blindness is due to a defect in these cones.

Question 10: (Subtopic code-B15.2)

Which statement gives an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A. The offspring are genetically different and therefore it is more likely that some can adapt to a changing environment.

B. The offspring are genetically different so all can adapt to a changing environment.

C. The offspring are genetically identical and therefore it is more likely that some can adapt to a changing environment.

D. The offspring are genetically identical so all can adapt to a changing environment.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: Sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring, increasing the likelihood that some will have traits suited to a changing environment.

Question 11: (Subtopic code-B17.2)

Selection in chickens has produced individuals that lay more eggs per week. What is required for this to occur?

A. Asexual reproduction, human selection

B. Asexual reproduction, natural selection

C. Sexual reproduction, human selection

D. Sexual reproduction, natural selection

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: Human selection (artificial selection) involves choosing specific traits, such as increased egg production, and breeding individuals with those traits. Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation, which is necessary for selective breeding.

Question 12: (Subtopic code-B18.1)

Which organisms obtain energy directly from every trophic level?

A. Carnivores

B. Decomposers

C. Herbivores

D. Producers

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste materials from all trophic levels, obtaining energy from them.

Question 13: (Subtopic code-B19.1)

When fertilizer is washed into lakes, it leads to changes in the oxygen concentration and the population of algae.

Which statement explains the change in oxygen over time?

A. The algae use up the oxygen for photosynthesis.

B. Decomposer bacteria use up the oxygen for respiration.

C. Nitrates react with the oxygen.

D. The algae use up the oxygen for respiration.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Excess fertilizer leads to algal blooms. When the algae die, decomposer bacteria break them down, consuming oxygen in the process, which reduces oxygen levels in the water.

Question 14: (Subtopic code-P1.1)

Which piece of apparatus is used to measure the change in the volume of a liquid most accurately?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: A burette is the most accurate apparatus for measuring changes in liquid volume because it has a fine scale and allows for precise control of liquid delivery.

Question 15: (Subtopic code-C6.1)

Some physical and chemical changes are listed. 

1. Burning methane

2. Dissolving sugar in water

3. Evaporating ethanol

4. Rusting iron

Which changes are chemical changes?

A. 1 and 2

B. 1 and 4

C. 2 and 3

D. 3 and 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Burning methane and rusting iron are chemical changes because they involve the formation of new substances. Dissolving sugar and evaporating ethanol are physical changes.

Question 16: (Subtopic code-C3.1)

Sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, contains sodium ions, Na+. Aluminium sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, contains sulfate ions, SO42-. What is the formula of aluminium phosphate?

A. AlPO4

B. Al(PO4)2

C. Al2(PO4)3

D. Al3(PO4)2

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: Aluminium has a +3 charge, and phosphate has a -3 charge. Therefore, one aluminium ion combines with one phosphate ion to form AlPO4.

Question 17: (Subtopic code-C4.1)

Which statement about electrolysis is correct?

A. At the anode, anions are oxidised by gaining electrons.

B. At the anode, cations are reduced by gaining electrons.

C. At the cathode, anions are oxidised by gaining electrons.

D. At the cathode, cations are reduced by gaining electrons.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: During electrolysis, cations (positively charged ions) are reduced (gain electrons) at the cathode, while anions (negatively charged ions) are oxidised (lose electrons) at the anode.

Question 18: (Subtopic code-C6.3)

In which equation is the underlined substance reduced?

A. Cl2 + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br2

B. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

C. 2PbO + C → CO2 + 2Pb

D. Zn + CuSO4 → Cu + ZnSO4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: In option A, Cl2 gains electrons to form Cl– ions, which means it is reduced. Reduction involves the gain of electrons.

Question 19: (Subtopic code-C12.5)

When aqueous potassium hydroxide is warmed with ammonium chloride, a gas is given off. Which test result identifies the gas?

A. It bleaches pH paper.

B. It turns anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride blue.

C. It turns universal indicator red.

D. It turns red litmus blue.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: The gas produced is ammonia (NH3), which is alkaline and turns red litmus paper blue.

Question 20: (Subtopic code-C8.5)

A gas is used in welding metals together at high temperatures. The gas is used to provide an inert atmosphere. What is the gas?

A. Argon

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Fluorine

D. Oxygen

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: Argon is an inert gas that does not react with metals, making it ideal for creating an inert atmosphere during welding.

Question 21: (Sub-topic Code: C9.1 )

Which row does not link a general physical property to the type of element?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: Non-metals are generally poor electrical conductors, so the statement that non-metals are electrical conductors is incorrect. Metals are typically malleable and good thermal conductors, while non-metals usually have low melting points.

Question 22: (Sub-topic Code: C9.4 )

Carbon is below aluminium but above zinc in the reactivity series. Iron is below zinc in the reactivity series. Which statements are correct?

  1. Carbon can be used to extract aluminium and iron from their ores.
  2. Aluminium can be used to extract zinc and iron from their ores.
  3. Carbon can be used to extract zinc and iron from their ores.
  4. Zinc can be used to extract aluminium and iron from their ores.
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B (1 and 3)

Explanation: Carbon can reduce metal oxides below it in the reactivity series, so it can extract zinc and iron from their ores. Aluminium, being more reactive than zinc and iron, cannot be used to extract them. Zinc, being less reactive than aluminium, cannot extract aluminium.

Question 23: (Sub-topic Code: C10.2 )

Gases from a car engine travel through a catalytic converter and out through the exhaust. Some of the gases going into the converter are listed:

  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Carbon monoxide
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Nitrogen monoxide

Which gases increase in quantity in the catalytic converter?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A (1 and 3)

Explanation: In a catalytic converter, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2). Therefore, the quantities of CO2 and N2 increase.

Question 24: (Sub-topic Code: C6.2 )

Which reaction in the Contact process is endothermic?

  1. S + O2 → SO2
  2. 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3
  3. SO3 + H2SO4 → H2S2O7
  4. H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: The reaction SO3 + H2SO4 → H2S2O7 is endothermic because it requires energy to form the product.

Question 25: (Sub-topic Code: C10.1)

Why do farmers add limestone to soil?

  1. It acts as a fertiliser.
  2. It adds nitrogen to the soil.
  3. It decreases the pH of the soil.
  4. It increases the pH of the soil.
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: Limestone is added to soil to increase its pH, making it less acidic. This is beneficial for crops that prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soil conditions.

Question 26: (Sub-topic Code: C11.2 )

Which row describes the hydrocarbon CH3CHCH2?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: The hydrocarbon CH3CHCH2 is an alkene, which has the general formula CnH2n.

Question 27: (Sub-topic Code: C11.7 )

The structure of a monomer is shown.

Which diagram represents the structure of the polymer formed from this monomer by addition polymerisation?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: The polymer formed by addition polymerisation will have the same repeating unit as the monomer, with no loss of atoms. Diagram A correctly represents this structure.

Question 28: (Sub-topic Code: P1.5.1 )

A spring is extended by a force but the spring does not pass its limit of proportionality. Which expression is equal to the spring constant?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: The spring constant (k) is defined as the force (F) divided by the extension (x), i.e., k = F/x.

Question 29: (Sub-topic Code: P1.7 )

A force of 10 N is applied to a piston of area 0.10 m2, causing a pressure. This pressure is transmitted through a fluid to a piston of area 2.0 m2. What is the force on this piston?

A. 2.0 N

B. 20 N

C. 200 N

D. 2000 N

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C (200 N)

Explanation: According to Pascal’s principle, the pressure is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. The force on the second piston is calculated as F = P × A, where P is the pressure and A is the area. The pressure is 10 N / 0.10 m2 = 100 Pa. Therefore, the force on the second piston is 100 Pa × 2.0 m2 = 200 N.

Question 30: (Sub-topic Code: P1.6.1 )

An object moving at speed v has kinetic energy E. What is the speed of the object when its kinetic energy is 4.0 E?

A. 0.25 v

B. 2.0 v

C. 4.0 v

D. 16 v

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B (2.0 v)

Explanation: Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed (E ∝ v2). If the kinetic energy increases by a factor of 4, the speed must increase by a factor of 2 (since 22 = 4).

Question 31: (Sub-topic Code: P1.6.3 )

The power input to a power station is 800 MW. The useful electrical power output is 320 MW. What is the efficiency of the power station?

A. 0.40%

B. 2.5%

C. 40%

D. 250%

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C (40%)

Explanation: Efficiency is calculated as (useful output power / input power) × 100%. Therefore, the efficiency is (320 MW / 800 MW) × 100% = 40%.

Question 32: (Sub-topic Code: P2.2.2)

What happens to the temperature of a substance as it is melting and as it is boiling?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: D

Explanation: During melting and boiling, the temperature of a substance remains constant because the energy is used to break intermolecular bonds rather than increase kinetic energy.

Question 33: (Sub-topic Code: P2.3.1)

Solid metals transfer thermal energy by conduction. Which conduction process occurs only in metals?

  1. Atoms move freely through the solid and carry energy.
  2. Atoms vibrate about fixed positions and pass energy to neighbouring atoms.
  3. Electrons move freely through the solid and carry energy.
  4. Electrons vibrate about fixed positions and pass energy to neighbouring electrons.
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: In metals, thermal energy is primarily conducted by the movement of free electrons, which can move freely through the lattice structure of the metal.

Question 34: (Sub-topic Code: P3.2.2 )

Light enters a glass block at an angle of incidence of 41°. The light bends toward the normal. The angle between the refracted ray and the glass-air boundary is 62°.

Which expression is equal to the refractive index of the glass?

  1. sin 41° / sin 28°
  2. sin 41° / sin 62°
  3. sin 49° / sin 28°
  4. sin 49° / sin 62°
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: The refractive index (n) is given by n = sin i / sin r, where i is the angle of incidence and r is the angle of refraction. Here, the angle of refraction is 28° (90° – 62°), so n = sin 41° / sin 28°.

Question 35: (Sub-topic Code: P3.3)

Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is correct?

  1. Gamma-radiation has a lower frequency than visible light.
  2. Infrared radiation has a higher frequency than radio waves.
  3. Microwaves have a smaller wavelength than ultraviolet radiation.
  4. X-rays have a larger wavelength than visible light.
▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Infrared radiation has a higher frequency than radio waves. Gamma-radiation has a higher frequency than visible light, microwaves have a longer wavelength than ultraviolet radiation, and X-rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light.

Question 36: (Sub-topic Code: P4.2.1)

A student rubs a balloon against her hair. Electrons are transferred from the hair onto the balloon, and the hair and the balloon both become charged.

The hair is now attracted to the balloon.

Which row shows the charges on the hair and on the balloon after rubbing?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: C

Explanation: When the balloon is rubbed against the hair, electrons are transferred from the hair to the balloon. This makes the hair positively charged (due to the loss of electrons) and the balloon negatively charged (due to the gain of electrons). Opposite charges attract, so the hair is attracted to the balloon.

Question 37: (Sub-topic Code: P4.3.2)

Which row shows how lamps are connected in a lighting circuit in a house and gives an advantage of connecting them in this way?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: Lamps in a house are typically connected in parallel so that they can be switched on and off independently. In a parallel circuit, each lamp receives the full voltage, and if one lamp fails, the others continue to work.

Question 38: (Sub-topic Code: P4.5.6)

A transformer increases the voltage from a power station in order to transfer electricity along transmission cables. How does increasing the voltage affect the current in the cables and how does it affect the efficiency of energy transfer?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B

Explanation: Increasing the voltage in transmission cables reduces the current (since power = voltage × current). This reduces energy loss due to resistance in the cables, thereby increasing the efficiency of energy transfer.

Question 39: (Sub-topic Code: P5.1)

An atom of beryllium is represented by 94Be. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of this type of beryllium atom?

A.4

B.5

C.9

D.13

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: B (5)

Explanation: The number of neutrons in an atom is calculated as the mass number minus the atomic number. For beryllium, this is 9 (mass number) – 4 (atomic number) = 5 neutrons.

Question 40: (Sub-topic Code: P5.2.2 )

A beam of γ-rays passes into an electric field between two charged plates. Which diagram shows what happens to the γ-rays?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Answer: A

Explanation: γ-rays are neutral and are not affected by electric fields. Therefore, they will pass straight through the electric field without being deflected.

Scroll to Top