Question 1:-
1(a)(i) – B7.2 Digestive system
1(a)(ii) – B7.2 Digestive system
1(a)(iii) – B7.3 Digestion
1(b) – B7.1 Diet
1(c) – B7.1 Diet
(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
(i) State the letter in Fig. 1.1 that identifies where:
most absorption occurs …………………………………..
egestion occurs …………………………………..
ingestion occurs …………………………………..
saliva is produced. …………………………………..
(ii) State the names of the parts labelled D and H in Fig. 1.1.
D …………………………………………………………………………
H …………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Complete the sentence to define the term digestion.
Digestion is the ………………………………………… of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and ………………………………………… processes.
(b) The boxes on the left show some nutrients.
The boxes on the right show some principal sources of nutrients.
Draw one straight line from each nutrient to its principal source.
nutrient principal source
(c) Describe the dietary importance of iron.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 1(a)(i) F ;
E ;
J ;
A ;
1(a)(ii) D – pancreas ;
H – liver ;
1(a)(iii) breakdown ;
chemical ;
1(b) 
1(c) making haemoglobin / prevent anaemia / AVP ;
Question 2:-
2(a)(i) – C9.5 Corrosion of metals
2(a)(ii) – C9.5 Corrosion of metals
2(b) – C9.6 Extraction of metals
2(c) – C8.4 Transition elements
2(d)(i) – C9.3 Alloys and their properties
2(d)(ii) – C9.3 Alloys and their properties
2(e) – C9.1 Properties of metals
(a) (i) An iron nail rusts when it is exposed to damp air.
Rusting involves the oxidation of iron.
State what is meant by the term oxidation.
(ii) Describe one method used to prevent the iron nail from rusting.
Explain how this method prevents the iron nail from rusting.
method …………………………………………………………………………
explanation …………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the sentence.
Metal ores are a finite resource and therefore, metals need to be ……………………………… .
(c) Iron is a transition element.
Put a tick (3) in the boxes next to all the correct statements about iron.
(d) Steel is an alloy of iron.
(i) Suggest why steel is used for making cars instead of pure iron.
(ii) Table 2.1 shows the percentage composition of stainless steel.
Calculate the mass of iron contained in 80 kg of stainless steel.
mass of iron = ……………………………………………. kg
(e) Iron is malleable.
State the meaning of malleable.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 2(a)(i) gain of oxygen ;
2(a)(ii) paint it ;
stops contact with air and water ; etc.
2(b) recycled ; OWTTE
2(c) iron acts as a catalyst ;
iron forms coloured compounds ;
2(d)(i) stronger ;
2(d)(ii) iron % 65 ;
80 × 65 / 100 = 52 (kg) ;
2(e) can be shaped or bent ;
Question 3:-
3(a)(i) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
3(a)(ii) – P3.1 General properties of waves
3(b)(i) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
3(b)(ii) – P1.5.1 Effects of forces
3(c)(i) – P1.2 Motion
3(c)(ii) – P1.2 Motion
3(c)(iii) – P1.2 Motion
3(d) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
(a) (i) Fig. 3.1 shows a skier standing on the snow.
When she stands on the snow without her skis, she sinks into the snow.
When she wears her skis, she can stand on the snow without sinking.
Explain these observations.
(ii) The skier makes a sound near a high wall.
The sound travels through the air as a wave.
The skier hears an echo.
State what happens to the sound wave at the high wall to cause an echo to be heard.
(b) Fig. 3.2 shows the forces acting on the skier on level snow when she is travelling in a snowmobile.
(i) State which force, J, K, L or M, is the weight of the snowmobile and skier.
(ii) State which force, J, K, L or M, is the friction force acting on the snowmobile.
(c) Fig. 3.3 shows the speed–time graph for the motion of the skier.
(i) State the maximum speed of the skier.
speed = …………………………………………. m / s
(ii) The skier is accelerating during the first 20 s of her journey.
Describe how the graph shows that the skier is accelerating.
(iii) Show that the distance travelled by the skier during the first 20 s is 50 m.
(d) The skier is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
Ultraviolet radiation is a form of ionising radiation.
Describe one danger to humans of being exposed to large quantities of ultraviolet radiation.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 3(a)(i) skis increase surface area ;
pressure is less with skis ; ORA
3(a)(ii) sound wave is reflected ;
3(b)(i) L ;
3(b)(ii) K ;
3(c)(i) 5 (m / s) ;
3(c)(ii) line has a slope / gradient ;
3(c)(iii) area under graph or ½ × 5 × 20 ;
3(d) skin cancer ;
Question 4:-
4(a)(i) – C10.1 Water
4(a)(ii) – C10.1 Water
4(b)(i) – B6.1 Photosynthesis
4(b)(ii) – B15.3 Sexual reproduction in plants
(a) Fig. 4.1 shows some different sources of pollution of the water in seas.
(i) Complete the sentences using information from Fig. 4.1.
The two biggest sources of pollution are ………………………………………… and ………………………………………… .
The total percentage of pollution caused by chemical waste is ………………………………………… %.
The percentage of pollution caused by discarded rubbish is ………………………………………… %.
(ii) Suggest one negative impact of untreated sewage on humans.
(b) Polluted water affects the growth of plants.
A scientist measures the height of two pea plants, A and B, for one month.
Plant A is given unpolluted water.
Plant B is given polluted water.
Table 4.1 shows the increase in height for each plant.
(i) Calculate the difference in increase in height between plant A and plant B from Table 4.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….. cm [1]
(ii) Water is needed for germination of seeds.
State two other environmental conditions required for germination.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 4(a)(i) agriculture and (untreated) sewage ;
41 (%) ;
5 (%) ;
4(a)(ii) any one from:
spread diseases ;
AVP ;
4(b)(i) (29 – 11) = 18 (cm) ;
4(b)(ii) warm / suitable temperature ;
oxygen ;
Question 5:-
5(a) – C12.4 Separation and purification
5(b) – C12.4 Separation and purification
5(c)(i) – C2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures
5(c)(ii) – C4.1 Electrolysis
5(d) – C9.4 Reactivity series
(a) Substances are separated from mixtures of substances using different methods.
Draw one straight line from each substance to the correct method of separating it from the mixture.
One line has been drawn for you.
(b) One reason for separating mixtures is to purify substances.
Explain the importance of purity in the manufacture of substances used in food additives.
(c) The element lead is obtained from the compound lead(II) bromide by electrolysis.
(i) Describe the difference between an element and a compound.
(ii) Complete the sentences to describe the electrolysis of lead(II) bromide.
Electrolysis is the breakdown of molten lead(II) bromide by the passage of ………………………………………… .
The gas released at the positive electrode is ………………………………………… and ………………………………………… is formed at the negative electrode.
The negative electrode is called the ………………………………………… .
(d) A student reacts dilute hydrochloric acid with four metals.
The student’s observations are shown in Table 5.1.
Place the four metals in order of their reactivity from the most reactive to the least reactive.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 5(a) 
5(b) to avoid poisoning ;
5(c)(i) element contains only one type of atom /
compound consists of (atoms of) two or more elements (chemically combined) ;
5(c)(ii) electricity ;
bromine and lead ;
cathode ;
5(d) calcium
magnesium
lead
copper
;;
Question 6:-
6(a)(i) – P5.1 The nucleus
6(a)(ii) – P5.1 The nucleus
6(b)(i) – P5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission
6(b)(ii) – P5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission
6(b)(iii) – P5.2.4 Half-life
(a) (i) Complete the sentences to describe the energy changes that occur during the generation of electricity in a nuclear power station.
Nuclear fission releases ………………………………………… energy which heats up water in a boiler.
When the turbine and generator are turning, they have ………………………………………… energy.
The generator produces ………………………………………… energy.
(ii) Nuclear fission occurs in the nuclear power station.
State what happens to the nucleus of an atom during nuclear fission.
(b) The radioactive decay of plutonium-239 produces an isotope of uranium, uranium-235.
plutonium-239 → uranium-235 + α-particle
(i) State the charge on an α-particle.
(ii) Describe how the numbers of protons and neutrons change in the nucleus of a plutonium-239 atom when it emits an α-particle.
protons …………………………………………………………………………
neutrons …………………………………………………………………………
(iii) The half-life of plutonium-239 is 24 000 years.
A sample of nuclear fuel contains 6.0 g of plutonium-239.
Calculate the mass of plutonium-239 remaining after 72 000 years.
mass = ……………………………………………… g
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 6(a)(i) thermal ;
kinetic ;
electrical ;
6(a)(ii) splits ;
6(b)(i) (2) positive ;
6(b)(ii) protons decrease by 2 or down to 92 ;
neutrons decrease by 2 or down to 143 ;
6(b)(iii) 3 half lives ;
6.0 divided by 2 three times ;
0.75 (g) ;
Question 7:-
7(a) – B6.2 Leaf structure
7(b) – B6.1 Photosynthesis
7(c) – B6.1 Photosynthesis
7(d) – B6.1 Photosynthesis
7(e) – B8.1 Xylem and phloem
7(f) – B8.1 Xylem and phloem
(a) Fig. 7.1 is a drawing of a cross-section of a leaf.
State the names of the parts labelled A, B and C in Fig. 7.1.
A …………………………………………………………………………
B …………………………………………………………………………
C …………………………………………………………………………
(b) Fig. 7.2 is a cell from the palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf.
On Fig. 7.2:
• Identify the part where photosynthesis takes place with a label line and the correct name.
• Identify the part that contains the genetic material with a label line and the letter X.
(c) Describe the process of photosynthesis.
(d) Plants need nitrate ions to make an important substance.
Circle the name of this substance.
amino acid fatty acid starch
glycogen glycerol
(e) State the name of the cell that absorbs mineral ions in a plant.
(f) State the name of the vessels that transport mineral ions in the stem.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 7(a) A – cuticle ;
B – (lower) epidermis ;
C – stoma / stomata ;
7(b) one chloroplast with label line ;
with correct name ;
nucleus labelled with an X ;
7(c) (process used in plants / producers) to manufacture glucose ;
from raw materials / carbon dioxide and water ;
using light energy ;
7(d) amino acids circled ;
7(e) root hair (cell) ;
7(f) xylem ;
Question 8:-
8(a)(i) – C2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds
8(a)(ii) – C2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds
8(b) – C11.4 Alkanes
8(c)(i) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
8(c)(ii) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
(a) (i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 8.1 to show the bonding in a molecule of methane, CH4.
Show only the outer-shell electrons.
(ii) State the name of the type of chemical bonding present in a molecule of methane.
Explain your answer.
type of chemical bonding ……………………………………………..
explanation …………………………………………………………………….
(b) Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of methane.
methane + ……………………………………→ …………………………………… + …………………………………..
(c) (i) State the name of the pollutant gas produced during the incomplete combustion of methane.
(ii) State one adverse effect of the gas you have named in (c)(i) on the health of humans.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 8(a)(i) 1 shared pair of electrons ;
all else correct ;
8(a)(ii) covalent ;
bonding between 2 non-metals / shared electron pairs ;
8(b) oxygen ;
carbon dioxide and water ;
8(c)(i) carbon monoxide ;
8(c)(ii) poisonous ;
Question 9:-
9(a)(i) – P4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components
9(a)(ii) – P4.3.2 Series and parallel circuits
9(a)(iii) – P4.2.2 Electric current
9(a)(iv) – P4.5.5 The d.c. motor
9(b)(i) – P2.1.2 Particle model
9(b)(ii) – P2.2.2 Electric current
Fig. 9.1 shows a washing machine.
(a) (i) The washing machine uses:
• a heater to heat the water
• a motor to pump the hot water through the machine.
The motor and the heater are connected in a parallel circuit.
The motor and the heater are each operated by separate switches.
The circuit symbol for a heater is 
The circuit symbol for a motor is 
Fig. 9.2 shows an incomplete circuit diagram for the washing machine.
Complete the circuit diagram on Fig. 9.2.
(ii) The resistance of the heater is 20 Ω.
The resistance of the motor is 80 Ω.
Identify from the list the most likely value for the combined resistance of the heater and
motor connected in parallel.
Explain your answer.
16 Ω 20 Ω 50 Ω 80 Ω 100 Ω
combined resistance = …………………………. Ω
explanation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) The current in the wires of the electrical circuit is a flow of charged particles.
State the name of the particles that flow in the wires of the electrical circuit.
(iv) The current-carrying coil in the motor experiences a turning effect.
This turning effect can be increased by increasing the number of turns on the coil.
State two other ways to increase this turning effect.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
(b) Inside the washing machine, some of the water evaporates.
During evaporation, water changes state from a liquid to a gas.
(i) Complete the diagrams in Fig. 9.3 to show the arrangement and separation of molecules
in a liquid and in a gas.
(ii) During evaporation, the water does not boil.
State the boiling point of water.
…………………………………………….. °C
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 9(a)(i) all symbols correct ;
heater and motor in parallel connection ;
switches correctly placed ;
9(a)(ii) 16 (Ω) ;
combined resistance in parallel is less than either individual resistance ;
9(a)(iii) electrons ;
9(a)(iv) increase current ;
increase strength of magnetic field ;
9(b)(i) liquid – all molecules touching random arrangement ;
gas – molecules widely separated (no more than seven shown) and random arrangement ;
9(b)(ii) 100 (°C) ;
Question 10:-
10(a)(i) – B13.1 Coordination and response
10(a)(ii) – B13.1 Coordination and response
10(a)(iii) – B13.1 Coordination and response
10(b) – B2.1 Cell structure
10(c) – B13.2 Hormones
10(d) – B13.2 Hormones
(a) A person touches a hot pan and instantly removes their hand.
This is a reflex action.
The reflex arc is shown in Fig. 10.1.
(i) State the names of the stimulus and the effector in this reflex arc.
stimulus …………………………………………………………………………
effector …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the name of the neurone labelled X in Fig. 10.1.
(iii) The spinal cord is one part of the central nervous system.
State the name of the other part of the central nervous system.
(b) Neurones are the longest cells in the body.
One neurone measures 1.5 m in length.
One plant cell measures 0.1 mm in length.
Calculate how many times longer the neurone is than the plant cell.
(c) Hormones and nerve impulses both carry information around the body.
Identify if each statement is about hormones or nerve impulses.
They are carried in the blood. …………………………………………………………………………………….
They are produced by glands. …………………………………………………………………………………….
They are electrical signals. ………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Adrenaline is a hormone released in ‘fight or flight’ situations.
Describe two effects of adrenaline on the body.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 10(a)(i) stimulus – (change in) temperature ;
effector – muscle (in arm) ;
10(a)(ii) X – motor neurone ;
10(a)(iii) brain ;
10(b) evidence of conversion ;
(1500 / 0.1 or 1.5 / 0.0001) = 15000 / 1.5 × 104 ;
10(c) hormone
hormone
nerve impulse ;;
10(d) any two from:
increased depth of breathing / breathing rate ;
increased pulse rate / heart rate ;
widened pupils ;
AVP ;;
Question 11:-
11(a)(i) – C12.4 Separation and purification
11(a)(ii) – C7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases
11(b)(i) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
11(b)(ii) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
11(c)(i) – C6.2 Rate of reaction
11(c)(ii) – C6.2 Rate of reaction
11(c)(iii) – C6.2 Rate of reaction
11(c)(iv) – C6.2 Rate of reaction
(a) Limestone is insoluble in water.
Limestone is mixed with water and poured through filter paper.
(i) Explain how filter paper separates limestone from water.
(ii) The filtrate is tested to find its pH number.
One way of finding the pH number is to use a pH meter.
Describe one other way to find the pH number of the filtrate.
(b) Limestone is sometimes added to soil to reduce soil acidity.
Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate which reacts with acid.
(i) This soil treatment adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
State one other reason why the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing.
(ii) Describe how an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affects the environment.
(c) A student investigates the rate of reaction between excess dilute hydrochloric acid and a piece of limestone.
Fig. 11.1 shows the apparatus used.
The student measures the volume of carbon dioxide in the measuring cylinder every 20 seconds for 280 seconds.
A graph of the student’s results is shown in Fig. 11.2.
(i) Use Fig. 11.2 to find the total volume of carbon dioxide released.
volume = ………………………………………….. cm3
(ii) Use Fig. 11.2 to find the time when the reaction finished.
time = ……………………………………………… s
(iii) The student repeats the experiment at a higher temperature.
On Fig. 11.2, sketch a line to show the results.
(iv) Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction.
State two other ways the student can increase the rate of the reaction.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 11(a)(i) limestone does not pass through (the holes in) the filter paper and water does pass through (the holes in) the filter paper ;
limestone particles are larger / water particles are smaller (than the holes in the filter paper) ;
11(a)(ii) use universal indicator (paper / solution) ;
use colour to determine pH from chart ;
11(b)(i) combustion of carbon containing fuels ;
11(b)(ii) global warming / climate change ;
11(c)(i) 45 (cm3) ;
11(c)(ii) 190 (s) ;
11(c)(iii) steeper line ;
but levelling off at 45 (cm3) ;
11(c)(iv) decrease particle size / use powder / increase surface area ;
increase acid concentration ;
Question 12:-
12(a) – P6.2.1 The Sun as a star
12(b)(i) – P6.2.1 The Sun as a star
12(b)(ii) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
12(b)(iii) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
12(c)(i) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
12(c)(ii) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
12(c)(iii) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
12(d)(i) – P3.1 General properties of waves
12(d)(ii) – P3.1 General properties of waves
(a) The mass of the Sun is 1.97 × 1030 kg.
The average density of the Sun is 1410 kg / m3.
Calculate the volume of the Sun.
volume = ……………………………………………. m3
(b) The Sun is made of very hot gas.
(i) Suggest the main method of thermal energy transfer from the inside of the Sun to the surface of the Sun.
(ii) State the main method of energy transfer that occurs when infrared waves travel from
the Sun to the Earth through space.
(iii) Sound energy is produced by the Sun.
Explain why we are unable to hear this sound on Earth.
(c) (i) Fig. 12.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.
Write infrared radiation in its correct place.
(ii) State the electromagnetic radiation which has the highest frequency.
(iii) Explain why it takes the same time for infrared and visible light to travel from the Sun to
the Earth.
(d) Fig. 12.2 shows a sound wave.
(i) On Fig. 12.2, label the amplitude of the wave with a double-headed arrow (↔) or (↕) and the letter A.
(ii) On Fig. 12.2, label the wavelength of one wave with a double-headed arrow (↔) or (↕) and the letter W.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 12(a) volume = mass/density (in any form) or 1.97 × 1030 / 1410 ;
= 1.4 × 1027 (m3) ;
12(b)(i) convection ;
12(b)(ii) radiation ;
12(b)(iii) sound waves need a medium / cannot travel through a vacuum ;
12(c)(i) infrared to the right of visible light ;
12(c)(ii)gamma radiation ;
12(c)(iii) all electromagnetic waves / they travel at same speed ;
12(d)(i) amplitude correctly labelled ;
12(d)(ii) wavelength correctly labelled ;