Question 1:-
1(a) – B15.3 Sexual reproduction in plants
1(b) – B15.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
1(c) – B15.1 Asexual reproduction and B15.2 Sexual reproduction
1(d) – B15.1 Asexual reproduction
1(e) – B1.1 Characteristics of living organisms
(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a flower.
State the letter in Fig. 1.1 that identifies the part:
that attracts insects …………………..
that produces pollen ……………………
where fertilisation occurs. ……………………
(b) State the name of the part in the human body where fertilisation takes place.
(c) Some plants reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Table 1.1 compares some of the features of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Place ticks (3) in the boxes in Table 1.1 to show the correct features of asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
(d) Bacteria reproduce by a type of asexual reproduction.
Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of the reproduction of a bacterium.
The original bacterium divides to form two bacteria.
A bacterium can divide every 30 minutes.
Calculate the number of bacteria after 4 hours if you start with one bacterium.
(e) Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living organisms.
State three other characteristics of living organisms.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 1(a) A ;
E ;
C ;
1(b) oviduct ;
1(c) 
1(d) ref to 8 divisions ;
28 = 256 ;
1(e) any three from:
movement ;
respiration ;
sensitivity ;
growth ;
excretion ;
nutrition ;
Question 2:-
2(a)(i) – C2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures
2(a)(ii) – C7.3 Preparation of salts
2(a)(iii) – C7.2 Oxides
2(a)(iv) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
2(a)(v) – C9.6 Extraction of metals
2(b) – C9.1 Properties of metals
2(c) – C9.3 Alloys and their properties
(a) The list gives the names of six compounds.
aluminium oxide
ammonium nitrate
carbon dioxide
lead bromide
sodium chloride
sulfur dioxide
Answer the questions about these compounds.
Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which compound:
(i) has the formula PbBr2.
(ii) is a salt from which ammonia can be displaced.
(iii) is an acidic oxide.
(iv) is a greenhouse gas.
(v) is the main constituent of bauxite.
(b) Aluminium, copper and iron are all solid metals.
State three general physical properties of solid metals.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………………………………
(c) (i) Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium.
Table 2.1 shows the percentage composition of duralumin.
Calculate the mass of aluminium in 20 kg of duralumin.
mass of aluminium = ……………………………………………. kg
(ii) Table 2.2 shows the melting points of aluminium, copper, magnesium and duralumin.
Duralumin does not have a precise melting point but melts over a range of temperatures.
Explain why duralumin does not have a precise melting point.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 2(a)(i) lead bromide ;
2(a)(ii) ammonium nitrate ;
2(a)(iii) carbon dioxide / sulfur dioxide ;
2(a)(iv) carbon dioxide ;
2(a)(v) aluminium oxide ;
2(b) any three from:
conducts heat ;
conducts electricity ;
malleable ;
high melting/boiling point ;
2(c)(i) 95 / 100 × 20 = 19 (kg) ;
2(c)(ii) because it is not a pure substance / it is a mixture ;
Question 3:-
3(a) – P1.2 Motion
3(b) – P1.3 Mass and weight
3(c)(i) – P3.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
3(c)(ii) – P3.4 Sound
3(d)(i) – P5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission
3(d)(ii) – P5.2.2 The three types of nuclear emission
(a) A spacecraft carrying an astronaut travels 384 000 km from the Earth to the Moon in 78 hours.
Calculate the average speed of the spacecraft in km / s.
average speed = ………………………………………… km / s
(b) The mass of the astronaut on the Earth is 90 kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of the astronaut on the Earth.
The gravitational force on unit mass, g, is 10 N / kg.
weight = …………………………………………….. N
(ii) State the mass of the astronaut on the Moon.
mass = ……………………………………………. kg
(c) (i) The astronaut communicates with Earth using radio waves.
Fig. 3.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.
Write radio waves in the correct position in Fig. 3.1.
(ii) Explain why it is not possible for the astronaut to communicate with Earth using sound waves.
(d) The astronaut collects a lump of moon rock.
The rock contains iron-60, a radioactive isotope.
(i) State the meaning of the term isotope.
(ii) Iron-60 decays by the emission of β-particles.
Complete the sentences to describe the nature of β-particles.
β-particles are identical in nature to ………………………………… .
β-particles have a single ………………………………… charge.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 3(a) 78 hours = 78 × 3600 = 280 800 seconds ;
speed = distance / time (in any form) or 384 000 / 280 800 ;
= 1.37 (km / s) ;
3(b)(i) weight = mass × g (in any form) or 90 × 10 ;
= 900 (N) ;
3(b)(ii) 90 (kg) ;
3(c)(i) radio (waves) in right hand box ;
3(c)(ii) sound waves need a medium / sound waves do not travel through a vacuum ;
3(d)(i) atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons ;
OR
atoms which have the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons ;
OR
atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass number ;
3(d)(ii) electrons ;
negative ;
Question 4:-
4(a) – B10.1 Diseases and immunity
4(b) – B9.4 Blood
4(c) – B9.2 Heart
(a) The number of new infections of HIV each year in one country is recorded.
Fig. 4.1 is a bar chart of the results.
(i) Calculate the percentage increase in cases between 1998 and 2002 shown in Fig. 4.1.
number of new HIV infections in 1998 ……………………………………………………………………
number of new HIV infections in 2002 ……………………………………………………………………
percentage increase = ………………………………………………….. %
(ii) Suggest three reasons for the change in the number of new HIV infections between 2002 and 2008 in Fig. 4.1.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………………………………
(b) Fig. 4.2 is a photomicrograph of blood.
State the names and functions of the two types of cells, A and B, shown in Fig. 4.2.
cell type A
name …………………………………………………………………………
function …………………………………………………………………………
cell type B
name …………………………………………………………………………
function …………………………………………………………………………
(c) State the name of the organ responsible for pumping the blood around the body.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 4(a)(i) infections in 1998 – 4600 and infections in 2002 – 7000 ; ((7000 – 4600) / 4600) × 100 = 52 ;
4(a)(ii) any three from:
increased education / awareness ;
use of condoms ;
screening of blood transfusions ;
use of clean needles ;
increased screening ;
AVP ;
4(b) cell type A
red blood cell ;
transport of oxygen ;
cell type B
white blood cell ;
production of antibodies / phagocytosis ;
4(c) heart ;
Question 5:-
5(a) – C10.2 Air quality and climate
5(b) – C8.5 Noble gases
5(c)(i) – C6.1 Physical and chemical changes
5(c)(ii) – C6.1 Physical and chemical changes
5(c)(iii) – C2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds
5(c)(iv) – C2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds
5(c)(v) – C10.1 Water
A sample of clean air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and small quantities of noble gases, water vapour and carbon dioxide.
(a) State the percentage of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas in clean air.
oxygen = ………………………………………………….. %
nitrogen = ………………………………………………….. %
(b) State the name of a noble gas and give a use for this noble gas.
name …………………………………………………………………………
use …………………………………………………………………………
(c) Water is made when hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas.
Look at the symbol equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
This equation is not balanced.
H2 + O2 → H2O
(i) Explain why this equation is not balanced.
(ii) Another way that water is made is by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.
Oxygen is also made.
Balance the symbol equation for this reaction.
…………H2O2 → …………H2O + O2
(iii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 5.1 to show the bonding in a molecule of water, H2O.
Show only the outer-shell electrons.
(iv) Name the type of chemical bonding in a molecule of water.
(v) Describe a chemical test for water and give the positive result.
test ………………………………………………………………………………
positive result ……………………………………………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 5(a) oxygen – 21% ;
nitrogen – 78% ;
5(b) named noble gas ;
correct use ;
5(c)(i) nos of oxygen atoms is different on LHS to RHS ;
5(c)(ii) 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O × O2 ;
5(c)(iii) 
1 shared pair ;
all else correct ;
5(c)(iv) covalent (bonds) ;
5(c)(v) anhydrous copper sulfate ;
white to blue ;
OR
cobalt chloride (paper) ;
blue to pink ;
Question 6:-
6(a) – P3.4 Sound
6(b) – P1.4 Density
6(c) – P2.2.2 Melting, boiling and evaporation
(a) Table 6.1 shows the audible frequency range of five animals.
(i) State which animal in Table 6.1 can hear a sound with the highest pitch.
(ii) State which animal in Table 6.1 has the smallest audible frequency range.
(iii) State the audible frequency range for a human.
from …………………………………. Hz to …………………………………. Hz
(b) The volume of an elephant is 3.4 m3.
The average density of the elephant is 1030 kg / m3.
Calculate the mass of the elephant.
mass = ……………………………………………. kg
(c) The elephant sprays its skin with water and leaves the water to evaporate.
(i) Describe the process of evaporation in terms of water molecules.
(ii) Suggest why the elephant sprays its skin with water and leaves the water to evaporate.
(iii) During evaporation, liquid water changes state and becomes water vapour, a gas.
Complete the diagrams in Fig. 6.1 to show the arrangement of molecules in liquid water and in water vapour.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 6(a)(i) bat ;
6(a)(ii) elephant ;
6(a)(iii) 20 (Hz) to 20 000 (Hz) ;
6(b) mass = density × volume (in any form) or 1030 × 3.4 ;
= 3500 (kg) ;
6(c)(i) fastest moving molecules escape ;
from the surface of the liquid ;
6(c)(ii) evaporation has a cooling effect ;
6(c)(iii) liquid – all molecules touching random arrangement ;
gas – molecules widely separated (no more than seven shown) and random arrangement ;
Question 7:-
7(a) – B17.1 Variation
7(b) – B17.1 Variation
7(c) – B17.2 Selection
(a) A school investigates variation in one class.
Define the term variation.
(b) A class measures the height of each student.
Table 7.1 shows the results.
(i) Identify the most frequent height range shown in Table 7.1.
……………………………………………………………………………………… cm
(ii) Complete the sentence to describe how Table 7.1 provides evidence that height is an
example of continuous variation.
Choose words from the list.
Each word can be used once, more than once or not at all.
genotypes offspring phenotypes
six eight two
The results in Table 7.1 show there are a range of ………………………………… between ………………………………… extremes.
(iii) State one example of discontinuous variation.
(c) Fig. 7.1 is a photograph of a female lion.
The lion has very sharp, pointed teeth suitable for catching and eating other animals.
(i) State the term used to describe an animal that gets its energy from feeding on other animals.
(ii) Circle the correct words shown in bold to complete the sentences to describe how lions may have developed sharp, pointed teeth.
There was a range of different length teeth in the lion population.
The lions with sharp, pointed teeth were better at catching and killing other animals for food.
The lions without sharp, pointed teeth adapted / died / survived.
The lions with sharp, pointed teeth passed on their alleles / cells / sex to their offspring.
This occurred over many days / hours / generations until eventually, all the lions had sharp, pointed teeth.
(iii) State the name used to describe the process in (c)(ii).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 7(a) differences between individuals (of the same species) / AW ;
7(b)(i) 150.0–154.9 (cm) ;
7(b)(ii) phenotypes ;
two ;
7(b)(iii) tongue rolling / AVP ;
7(c)(i) carnivore ;
7(c)(ii) died ;
alleles ;
generations ;
7(c)(iii) natural selection ;
Question 8:-
8(a) – C11.3 Fuels
8(b) – C11.5 Alkenes
8(c) – C11.7 Polymers
(a) Fig. 8.1 shows the separation of petroleum into useful fractions.
Only two fractions are shown.
(i) Petroleum is a fossil fuel.
State the name of one other fossil fuel.
(ii) State the name of the process shown in Fig. 8.1.
(iii) State the name of one fraction not shown in Fig. 8.1.
(iv) State one use for each of the fractions shown in Fig. 8.1.
refinery gas ……………………………………………………………………………..
diesel oil …………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Cracking is a process that produces small alkene molecules from larger alkane molecules.
Ethane is an alkane.
Ethene is an alkene.
Fig. 8.2 shows the structure of ethane, C2H6.
Draw the structure of ethene, C2H4.
(c) Ethene is used to make a polymer.
(i) State the name of the polymer that is made from ethene.
(ii) State the type of polymerisation reaction that makes this polymer from ethene.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 8(a)(i) coal / natural gas ;
8(a)(ii) fractional distillation ;
8(a)(iii) gasoline / naphtha / bitumen ;
8(a)(iv) (bottled gas for) heating and cooking ;
fuel for diesel engines ;
8(b) 
carbon carbon double bond ;
all else correct ;
8(c)(i) poly(ethene) ;
8(c)(ii) addition (polymerisation) ;
Question 9:-
9(a) – P4.3 Electrical circuits
9(b) – P4.3 Electrical circuits
9(c) – P1.6.1 Energy
(a) Fig. 9.1 shows an electric circuit.
(i) When the switch is closed, ammeter A2 shows a reading of 0.6 A.
State the reading on ammeter A1.
………………………………………………. A
(ii) On Fig. 9.1, draw a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across lamp Y.
(b) Lamp X has a resistance of 2 Ω and lamp Y has a resistance of 4 Ω.
Calculate the potential difference across lamp Y.
State the unit of your answer.
potential difference = …………………………… unit ……………..
(c) An electric current transfers energy from the battery to the lamps.
(i) State two forms of energy emitted by filament lamps.
1 …………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the energy store in the battery (cells) that is decreasing when the circuit is switched on.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 9(a)(i) 0.6(A) ;
9(a)(ii) correct symbol ;
across lamp Y ;
9(b) PD = current x resistance (in any form) or 0.6 × 4 ;
= 2.4 ;
volts / V ;
9(c)(i) light ;
thermal ; (in either order)
9(c)(ii) chemical (potential) ;
Question 10:-
10(a) – B3.1 Diffusion
10(b) – B12.1 Respiration
(a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram representing the concentration of oxygen molecules outside and inside a cell.
(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw one arrow to represent the net movement of oxygen molecules.
(ii) State the name of the part labelled X in Fig. 10.1.
(iii) Describe one similarity and one difference between diffusion and osmosis.
similarity …………………………………………………………………………
difference …………………………………………………………
(b) Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases energy.
(i) State the two products of aerobic respiration.
1 ………………………………………………………………………….
2 …………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Complete these uses of energy in the body of humans.
• ………………………………… contraction
• protein …………………………………
• ………………………………… division
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 10(a)(i) arrow drawn from left to right ;
10(a)(ii) cell membrane ;
10(a)(iii) similarity:
. both involve random movement of particles / movement is down a concentration gradient ;
difference:
. osmosis is the movement of water (only) / osmosis (only) occurs across partially permeable membrane ;
10(b)(i) carbon dioxide ;
water ;
10(b)(ii) muscle ;
synthesis ;
cell ;
Question 11:-
11(a) – C2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
11(b) – C6.1 Physical and chemical changes
11(c) – C2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures
(a) (i) An atom of calcium has 20 protons and 20 neutrons.
State the number of electrons in this calcium atom.
(ii) State the number of electrons in one calcium ion, Ca2+.
(b) Limestone (calcium carbonate) and lime (calcium oxide) are both calcium compounds.
Fig. 11.1 shows a limekiln in which calcium carbonate thermally decomposes to make calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
(i) Write the word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
(ii) The mass of calcium oxide made in this reaction is always less than the mass of calcium carbonate used.
Suggest why.
(iii) The decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide is an endothermic reaction.
State the meaning of the term endothermic.
(iv) One use for limestone is in the production of lime.
State one other use of limestone.
(v) Suggest why the calcium carbonate is broken into small pieces before being thermally decomposed.
(c) Calcium carbonate has the formula CaCO3.
(i) State the number of different elements shown in this formula.
(ii) State the total number of atoms shown in this formula.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 11(a)(i) 20 (electrons) ;
11(a)(ii) 18 (electrons) ;
11(b)(i) calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide ;
11(b)(ii) carbon dioxide released ;
11(b)(iii) (thermal) energy taken in ;
11(b)(iv) neutralising acidified soil ;
11(b)(v) to increase surface area ;
so that reaction is faster ;
11(c)(i) three ;
11(c)(ii) five ;
Question 12:-
12(a) – P1.6.3 Energy resources
12(b) – P1.2 Motion
12(c) – P3.2.2 Refraction of light
12(d) – P3.1 General properties of waves
(a) An oil tanker is carrying petroleum.
Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source.
Identify the energy sources in Table 12.1 as renewable or non-renewable by placing a tick (3) for each one in the correct column.
One has been done for you.
(b) Fig. 12.1 shows a speed–time graph for the oil tanker.
The graph is divided into sections P, Q, R and S.
(i) State a section of the graph (P, Q, R or S) when the oil tanker is travelling at a constant speed and state this speed.
section ………………………………….
speed …………………………………. m / s
(ii) State the section of the graph (P, Q, R or S) when the oil tanker has the greatest acceleration.
Explain your answer.
section ………………………………….
explanation …………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the oil tanker during section P.
distance = …………………………………………….. m
(c) The captain of the oil tanker uses a telescope to look at another ship.
The telescope uses a converging lens to focus the light and form an image of the other ship.
Fig. 12.2 shows two parallel light rays passing through a convex lens.
(i) Complete the light rays in Fig. 12.2 to show how the light rays are focused by the lens at point F.
(ii) State the name of point F.
(d) Fig. 12.3 shows a wave similar to a water wave on the surface of the sea.
(i) State which letter, A, B, C, D or E, is the amplitude of the wave.
letter ………………..
(ii) State which letter, A, B, C, D or E, is the wavelength of the wave.
letter ………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans : 12(a) 
2 or 3 correct ;
4 correct ;
12(b)(i) section Q and 1 (m / s) OR
section S and 5 (m / s) ;
12(b)(ii) section R AND
greatest gradient ;
12(b)(iii) area under graph or 1/2 × 1 × 300 ;
150 (m) ;
12(c)(i) both rays meet at F ;
12(c)(ii) principal focus ;
12(d)(i) B ;
12(d)(ii) E ;