Question 1:
Topic – (a)(i) B2.1 (Cell structure)
(a)(ii) B2.1 (Cell structure)
(a)(iii) B2.1 (Cell structure)
(b)(i) B3.2 (Osmosis)
(b)(ii) B3.2 (Osmosis)
(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a plant cell.
(i) Identify the letter from Fig. 1.1 that represents the part of the plant cell:
where photosynthesis occurs ………………………………………………………………………………..
where the genetic material is found ……………………………………………………………………….
that controls what substances enter the cell ……………………………………………………………
(ii) State the name of the part labelled B in Fig. 1.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State the name of two structures in plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) A student immerses pieces of potato in different concentrations of sucrose solution for 5 minutes.
The student measures the length of the potato before and after immersion.
Table 1.1 is a summary of the results.
(i) Use Table 1.1 to calculate the change in length of the potato when it is placed in the 0.4mol/dm$^{3}$ sucrose solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… mm
(ii) Complete the sentences to describe and explain the results in Table 1.1.
The potato with the smallest change in length has been immersed in a sucrose solution
with a concentration of ………………………………….. mol/dm$^{3}$.
The potato immersed in 0.8mol/dm$^{3}$ sucrose solution changed by ……………………….. mm in length.
The potato immersed in 0.2mol/dm$^{3}$ sucrose solution increases in length because water
is absorbed by the potato cells by the process of ………………………………….. .
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 1(a)(i) A ;
E ;
D ;
1(a)(ii) cytoplasm ;
1(a)(iii) any two from:
chloroplast ;
vacuole ;
cell wall ;
1(b)(i) (+) 1.1 (mm) ;
1(b)(ii) 0.6 ;
(–) 1.1 ;
osmosis ;
Question 2:
Topic – (a) C2.1 (Elements, compounds and mixtures), C2.4 (Ions and ionic bonds), C12.3 (Chromatography)
(b)(i): C12.1 (Experimental design)
(b)(ii): C7.3 (Preparation of salts)
(b)(iii): C12.5 (Identification of ions and gases)
(b)(iv): C6.2 (Rate of reaction)
(b)(v): C6.2 (Rate of reaction)
(b)(vi): C2.1 (Elements, compounds and mixtures)
(a) Five words are shown in the boxes on the left. Five descriptions are shown in the boxes on the right.
Draw one straight line from each word to its correct description.
(b) A student investigates the reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Fig. 2.1 shows the apparatus the student uses.
A salt solution and carbon dioxide are made. The carbon dioxide gas is collected in apparatus A.
(i) State the name of apparatus A shown in Fig. 2.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of the salt made.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State the chemical test for carbon dioxide. Include the observation for a positive result.
test ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
observation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) It takes 50 seconds to collect 90cm$^{3}$ of carbon dioxide gas.
Calculate the rate at which carbon dioxide is made in cm$^{3}$/s.
rate = ………………………………………. cm$^{3}$/ s
(v) State two changes to the reaction conditions that reduce the rate of reaction.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi) Calcium carbonate has the formula CaCO$_{3}$.
State the number of different elements present in calcium carbonate.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 2(a)
1 correct 1 mark ;
2 correct 2 marks ;
3 or 4 correct 3 marks ;
5 correct 4 marks ;
2(b)(i) measuring cylinder ;
2(b)(ii) calcium chloride ;
2(b)(iii) (bubble the gas through) lime water ;
goes milky / cloudy ;
2(b)(iv) 1.8 (cm$^{3}$/ s) ;
2(b)(v) any two from:
lower temperature (of acid) ;
lower concentration of acid ;
decrease surface area ;
2(b)(vi) 3 ;
Question 3:
Topic – (a): P1.6.3 (Energy resources)
(b): P1.6.3 (Energy resources)
(c)(i): P5.2.4 (Half-life)
(c)(ii): P5.2.2 (The three types of nuclear emission)
(c)(iii): P5.2.2 (The three types of nuclear emission)
(c)(iv): P5.2.5 (Applications and safety precautions)
(a) Thermal energy is released, by combustion, in a gas-fired power station.
Describe how the thermal energy released is transferred into electrical energy in the power station.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of a nuclear power station compared with a gas-fired power station.
advantage …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
disadvantage …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Cobalt-60 is produced in a nuclear power station.
(i) A sample of cobalt-60 has a mass of 2g.
The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.25 years.
Calculate the mass of cobalt-60 remaining after 21 years.
mass = ……………………………………………… g
(ii) Cobalt-60 decays by emitting β-particles and γ-rays.
State the charge on a β-particle.
charge = ………………………………………………….
(iii) Place α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays in order of their penetrating abilities.
(iv) Suggest a safe way of storing a small sample of cobalt-60.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 3(a) thermal energy turns water to steam ;
steam drives turbine ;
turbine drives generator ;
3(b) advantage – nuclear not reliant on fossil fuels / no CO$_{2}$ produced ;
disadvantage – nuclear accidents / disposal of nuclear waste ;
3(c)(i) 4 half-lives ;
0.125 (g) ;
3(c)(ii) –1 ;
3(c)(iii) most penetrating
$\gamma$
β
$\alpha$
least penetrating ;
3(c)(iv) in a lead lined container ;
Question 4:
Topic – (a)(i) B9.3 (Blood vessels)
(a)(ii) B9.3 (Blood vessels)
(b) B9.3 (Blood vessels)
(c) B9.3 (Blood vessels)
(d) B9.4 (Blood)
(a) Fig. 4.1 is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of a human vein.
(i) Describe two ways the appearance of an artery is different from the vein shown in Fig. 4.1.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of a structure present in veins that is not visible in Fig. 4.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) State the name of two veins that transport blood to the heart.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Describe the function of capillaries.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Table 4.1 shows the functions of the main components of blood.
Complete Table 4.1.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 4(a)(i) thicker wall ;
narrower lumen ;
4(a)(ii) valves ;
4(b) pulmonary (vein) ;
vena cava ;
4(c) transfer, oxygen/nutrients, to, tissues/cells ;
or
transfer carbon dioxide/urea/(named) waste product, away from tissues/cells ;
4(d) white blood cell ;
platelets ;
plasma ;
red blood cell ;
Question 5:
Topic – (a) C2.2 (Atomic structure and the Periodic Table)
(b) C9.4 (Reactivity series)
(c)(i) C6.1 (Physical and chemical changes)
(c)(ii) C5.1 (Exothermic and endothermic reactions)
(d) C8.4 (Transition elements)
(e) C9.3 (Alloys and their properties)
(a) An isotope of magnesium has a proton number (atomic number) of 12 and a nucleon number (mass number) of 26.
Complete Table 5.1 to show the numbers of neutrons and electrons in an atom of this isotope.
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows part of the reactivity series of metals.
Magnesium reacts slowly with cold water.
Use the reactivity series to predict the result when calcium reacts with cold water.
Explain your answer.
prediction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
explanation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Magnesium reacts with carbon dioxide. Magnesium oxide and carbon are made.
(i) Write the word equation for this reaction.
(ii) The reaction between magnesium and carbon dioxide is exothermic.
State what is meant by the term exothermic.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Platinum is a transition metal. Magnesium is not a transition metal.
State two properties of platinum that are not properties of magnesium.
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) Table 5.2 shows the composition of an alloy of magnesium.
Complete the table with the % by mass of magnesium.
Calculate the mass of magnesium in 1.0kg of the alloy.
mass = ……………………………………………. kg
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 5(a)
5(b) calcium reacts quickly/quicker ;
calcium is higher in reactivity series than magnesium ;
5(c)(i) magnesium + carbon dioxide → magnesium oxide + carbon ;
5(c)(ii) releases (thermal) energy ;
5(d) any two from:
forms coloured compounds ;
acts as catalyst ;
variable valency ;
5(e) 91.5 (%) ;
0.915 (kg) ;
Question 6:
Topic – (a)(i) P1.6.2 (Work)
(a)(ii) P1.6.1 (Energy)
(b)(i) P1.3 (Mass and weight)
(b)(ii) P1.4 (Density)
(c) P1.1 (Physical quantities and measurement techniques)
(a) Fig. 6.1 shows an elephant pushing a log up a hill.
(i) State the two quantities that need to be measured to calculate the work done by the elephant on the log.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the form of energy gained by the elephant as it moves up the hill at constant speed.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The elephant has a mass of 3500kg and the log has a mass of 180kg.
(i) Calculate the combined weight of the elephant and the tree trunk.
The gravitational field strength, g, is 10N/kg.
weight = ……………………………………………… N
(ii) The volume of the elephant is 3.4m$^{3}$.
Calculate the average density of the elephant.
density = ………………………………………. kg/m$^{3}$
(c) A scientist takes some measurements of the elephant.
Table 6.1 shows the measurements taken.
Complete Table 6.1 with suitable units for these measurements.
One has been done for you.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 6(a)(i) force ;
distance ;
6(a)(ii) gravitational potential energy ;
6(b)(i) W = mg (symbols or words) or (3500 + 180) × 10 ;
= 36 800 (N) ;
6(b)(ii) density = mass ÷ volume (symbols or words) or 3500 ÷ 3.4 ;
1029 (kg / m$^{3}$ ) ;
6(c)
Question 7:
Topic – (a)(i): B7.1 (Diet)
(a)(ii): B7.1 (Diet)
(b): B7.1 (Diet)
(c): B7.1 (Diet)
(d): B7.3 (Digestion)
(a) Table 7.1 shows the number of different types of teeth in sheep and humans.
(i) Calculate the total number of teeth for sheep.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Place ticks (✓) in two boxes to show which statements are correct for the data in Table 7.1.
(b) The boxes on the left contain the different types of teeth.
The boxes on the right contain the different functions of the types of teeth.
Draw one line from each type of tooth to its correct function.
Two types of teeth have the same function.
(c) State the names of the two outermost layers of a tooth.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Teeth are used for one type of digestion.
State the name of this type of digestion.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 7(a)(i) 20 ;
7(a)(ii) sheep have the same number of pre-molar and molar teeth ticked ;
humans have twice the number of molar teeth than sheep ticked ;
7(b)
1 or 2 teeth linked correctly ;
3 teeth linked correctly ;
4 teeth linked correctly ;
7(c) dentine ;
enamel ;
7(d) mechanical ;
Question 8:
Topic – (a) C11.2 (Naming organic compounds), C11.3 (Fuels)
(b) C11.6 (Alcohols)
(c) C11.1 (Formulas and terminology)
(d) C11.3 (Fuels)
(e) C11.6 (Alcohols)
Petroleum is a raw material for the production of useful substances.
Fig. 8.1 shows three processes, X, Y and Z, used to make ethanol.
(a) Identify process X and process Y.
process X ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
process Y ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State the substance added to ethene during process Z to make ethanol.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Ethene is a hydrocarbon.
Explain why ethene is described as a hydrocarbon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State the two products of the complete combustion of ethene.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Complete Fig. 8.2 to show the structure of an ethanol molecule, C2H5OH. Include all the atoms and bonds.
Fig. 8.2
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 8(a) process X – fractional distillation ;
process Y – cracking ;
8(b) steam ;
8(c) contains carbon and hydrogen (atoms) ;
only ;
8(d) carbon dioxide ;
water ;
8(e)
O – H attached to carbon ;
all else correct ;
Question 9:
Topic – (a)(i) P1.5.1 (Effects of forces)
(a)(ii) P1.5.1 (Effects of forces)
(a)(iii) P1.2 (Motion)
(b)(i) P3.2.3 (Thin converging lens)
(b)(ii) P3.2.3 (Thin converging lens)
(b)(iii) P3.2.2 (Refraction of light)
(c)(i) P3.3 (Electromagnetic spectrum)
(c)(ii)P3.3 (Electromagnetic spectrum)
(c)(iii) P3.4 (Sound)
(a) Fig. 9.1 shows a rocket about to be launched.
(i) The weight of the rocket is 8000000N.
When the rocket is launched, the upward force exerted by the rocket is 12000000N.
Calculate the resultant upward force on the rocket.
resultant force = …………………………………………….. N
(ii) Explain why the resultant force cannot be zero, when the rocket is launched.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) The rocket travels 385000km from the Earth to the Moon in 75 hours.
Calculate the average speed of the rocket in km/ s.
speed = ………………………………………… km/s
(b) An astronaut on the rocket uses a telescope to view a star.
Fig. 9.2 shows a lens that is used in the telescope. Light rays from the star pass through the
lens and are focused at the principal focus.
(i) On Fig. 9.2, label the principal focus of the lens with the letter F.
(ii) On Fig. 9.2, draw a double headed arrow ( ↔ ) to indicate the focal length of the lens.
(iii) State the name of the process that occurs when light passes into the lens and the direction of the light changes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) The astronaut communicates with Earth using radio waves.
(i) Place radio waves in the correct place in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum shown in Fig. 9.3.
Fig. 9.3
(ii) State which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the greatest frequency.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Explain why it is not possible for the astronaut to use sound waves to communicate directly with Earth.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 9(a)(i) 4 000 000 (N) ;
9(a)(ii) rocket would not, move/take off ;
9(a)(iii) conversion of 75 hours to seconds / 270 000 s ;
speed = distance ÷ time or substituted distance ÷ time ;
speed = 1.43 (km/s) ;
9(b)(i) principal focus correctly identified ;
9(b)(ii) focal length correctly identified ;
9(b)(iii) refraction ;
9(c)(i)
9(c)(ii) $\gamma$- rays ;
9(c)(iii) there is no medium / there is a vacuum ;
no particles to transfer the vibrations (preventing sound from travelling) ;
Question 10:
Topic –(a)(i) B15.3 (Sexual reproduction in plants)
(a)(ii) B15.3 (Sexual reproduction in plants)
(a)(iii) B15.3 (Sexual reproduction in plants)
(b) B15.4 (Sexual reproduction in humans)
(a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of an insect-pollinated flower.
(i) On Fig. 10.1:
• circle the part where pollination occurs,
• draw an X on the part where fertilisation occurs,
• identify one part that produces pollen with a label line and the correct name.
(ii) State the names of two parts of the carpel.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Describe the function of the petals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The sentences describe fertilisation and early development in humans.
Circle the word in bold that makes each sentence correct.
Fertilisation occurs in the ovary / oviduct / vagina.
The nuclei of a sperm and egg fuse to form a gamete / tissue / zygote.
The fertilised cell divides into a ball of cells called an embryo / organ / ovule.
The ball of cells implants into the wall of the cervix / uterus / vagina.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 10(a)(i)
Question 11:
Topic – (a) C1.2 (Diffusion)
(b) C8.3 (Group VII properties)
(c) C8.1 (Arrangement of elements)
(d) C10.1 (Water)
(e) C2.5 (Simple molecules and covalent bonds)
(f)(i) C3.1 (Formulas)
(f)(ii) C2.5 (Simple molecules and covalent bonds)
(a) Orange bromine gas, Br$_{2}$, is put into the bottom of a gas jar which is immediately sealed.
After a short time, the bromine gas spreads out to fill the gas jar.
This process is called diffusion.
Fig. 11.1 shows the diffusion of bromine.
Describe the process of diffusion in terms of the movement of particles.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Chlorine and bromine are both halogens.
State the name of one other element that is a halogen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Chlorine is in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
Describe the change in metallic character across Period 3.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Explain why the drinking water for a city is treated with chlorine.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of chlorine Cl$_{2}$.
Only show the outer shell electrons.
(f) Hydrogen and chlorine combine to make hydrogen chloride, HCl.
(i) Balance the symbol equation for this reaction.
H$_{2}$ + Cl$_{2}$→ …….. HCl
(ii) Explain why hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound and not an ionic compound.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 11(a) gas particles in (constant) random motion ;
(particles move) from region of high concentration to region of low concentration ;
11(b) iodine / fluorine / astatine ;
11(c) metallic to non-metallic (from left to right) ;
11(d) to kill, microorganisms/bacteria/pathogens ;
11(e) shared pair ;
correct number of electrons on each atom / 14 electrons in total ;
11(f)(i) 2 HCl ;
11(f)(ii) two non-metals bonding / shared pair of electrons ;
Question 12:
Topic – (a) P2.3 (Transfer of thermal energy)
(b)(i) P2.1.1 (States of matter)
(b)(ii) P2.1.1 (States of matter)
(b)(iii) P2.2.2 (Melting, boiling and evaporation)
(c)(i) P4.3.1 (Circuit diagrams and circuit components)
(c)(ii) P4.2.4 (Resistance)
(a) An electric heater is used to heat a classroom in a school.
The arrows on Fig. 12.1 show the circulation of air around the classroom.
P and Q are two positions within the air circulation.
Complete the sentences using words from the list.
conduction convection cooled radiation warmed
Position P shows ………………………………. air.
Position Q shows ………………………………. air.
This method of thermal energy transfer is called ………………………………. .
(b) In the classroom, a student draws diagrams to represent the three states of matter.
Fig. 12.2 shows the diagrams drawn. Box X shows the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Box Y shows the arrangement of particles in a liquid.
(i) In box Z, draw the arrangement of particles in a gas.
(ii) Complete the sentences below using only the words solid, liquid and gas.
Solidification occurs when a …………………………….. turns into a …………………………….. .
Condensation occurs when a …………………………….. turns into a …………………………….. .
(iii) State the melting point and the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure.
melting point = ……………….. °C
boiling point = ………………… °C
(c) In another lesson, the student builds an electric circuit.
Fig. 12.3 shows the circuit diagram.
(i) State the name of the components represented by the symbols in Table 12.1.
(ii) When there is a potential difference of 6V across the lamp, a current of 0.3A passes through the lamp.
Calculate the resistance of the lamp.
resistance = …………………………………………….. Ω
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 12(a) cooled ;
warmed ;
convection ;
all correct ;
12(b)(i)
random arrangement and widely spaced ;
12(b)(ii) liquid and
solid ;
gas and
liquid ;
12(b)(iii) 0 °C and 100 °C ;
12(c)(i) ammeter ;
voltmeter ;
12(c)(ii) R = V ÷ I (symbols or words) or 6 ÷ 0.3 ;
R = 20 (Ω) ;