0654_w23_qp

Question 1:

Topic – B18.2 Food chains and food webs

(a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a marine food web.

Table 1.1 shows terms used to describe the organisms in Fig. 1.1.
Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the term(s) used to describe each organism.

(b) An orca eats arctic cod and leopard seal.
Add this information to the food web in Fig. 1.1.
(c) State the principal source of energy for all food chains.

(d) The process of photosynthesis occurs in some marine organisms.
(i) State the word equation for photosynthesis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State the name of the cell structure where photosynthesis occurs.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 1(a)

1 mark for each row ;;;;

1(b) arrows drawn from leopard seal and artic cod to orca ;
1(c) Sun ;
1(d)(i) carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen ;
1(d)(ii) chloroplast ;

Question 2 :

Topic – C8.3 Group VII properties

(a) Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
Some of these statements about the halogens are correct and some are incorrect.
Place a tick (✓) in the boxes next to the correct statements.

(b) A chlorine atom has a nucleon number of 37 and has 17 electrons.
(i) Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in this chlorine atom.

number of protons = ………………………………………………………
number of neutrons = …………………………………………………….

(ii) State the part of the atom that contains the protons and neutrons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(i) State the electrode at which chlorine forms during this process.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State the other gaseous product of this electrolysis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Explain why graphite is used to make the electrodes.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) Explain why electrolysis is an example of a chemical change and not a physical change.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Explain why the drinking water supply for a town is treated with chlorine.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 2(a)

;;
2 ticks 2 correct = 2 marks
3 ticks 2 correct = 1 mark
2 ticks 1 correct = 1 mark
1 tick 1 correct = 1 mark
4 ticks 2 correct = 0 marks

2(b)(i) protons = 17 ;
neutrons = 20 ;

2(b)(ii) nucleus ;

2(c)(i) anode / positive ;
2(c)(ii) hydrogen ;
2(c)(iii) it is inert / will not react / good electrical conductor ;
2(c)(iv) new substances formed / cannot be reversed ;
2(d) kills microbes / sterilise water ;

Question 3:

Topic – C9.3 Alloys and their properties

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows a stationary car.

Part of each tyre is in contact with the road.
State the two quantities needed to calculate the pressure exerted by the car on the road.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Many car wheels are made from either steel or an aluminium alloy.
Describe a simple test to show that a wheel is not made from steel.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) The car driver loosens the wheel nuts.
He puts a spanner on a wheel nut as shown in Fig. 3.2.

The driver applies a force of 250N at a distance of 0.4m from the wheel nut.
Calculate the moment of the force about the centre of the wheel nut.

moment of force = ……………………………………………Nm

(iii) The car driver uses a pump powered by an electric motor to inflate the tyre.
The turning effect of an electric motor can be increased by increasing the number of turns on the coil in the motor.

State one other way to increase the turning effect of a d.c. motor.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

As the car moves along the road, electrostatic charges build up on the car.
Complete the sentences.
The force that causes the build-up of electrostatic charges on the car is …………………………. .
The charged particles that are added or removed during the build-up of charge are called …………………………. .

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 3(a) weight of car ;
surface area of tyres in contact with the road ;

3(b)(i) use a magnet ;

wheel is not attracted ; ORA

3(b)(ii) moment = force × perpendicular distance (in any form) / 250 × 0.4 ;

= 100 (N m) ;

3(b)(iii) one from:

increase current / voltage ;
increase the strength of the magnetic field ;

3(c) friction ;
electrons ;

Question 4 :

Topic – B16.1 Chromosomes and genes

(a) Polydactyly is a condition that results in the growth of extra fingers or toes.
The allele for polydactyly is dominant D.
The allele for no polydactyly is recessive d.
Table 4.1 shows the genotypes of one family.

State the number of people in Table 4.1:

with polydactyly ……………………………………………………….
with a heterozygous genotype ……………………………………………………….

(b) The parents in Table 4.1 have another child.
Complete the genetic diagram in Fig. 4.1 to show the percentage likelihood of the offspring not having polydactyly.

percentage likelihood of the offspring not having polydactyly ……………………………………………………%

Fig. 4.1

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State the sex chromosomes present in the body cells of human males.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) State the name of the structure in cells that contains the genetic material.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 4(a) 5 ;
4 ;

4(b)

;
25 (%) ;

4(c)(i) length / AW, of DNA ;
that codes for a protein ;

4(c)(ii) XY ;
4(c)(iii) nucleus ;

Question 5:

Topic – C9.6 Extraction of metals

(a) A student investigates the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
The student does the experiment four times and each time uses:
• the same mass of calcium carbonate
• different sizes of calcium carbonate pieces
• a different concentration of hydrochloric acid.
Table 5.1 shows the four experiments, A, B, C and D.

(i) State which experiment has the fastest rate of reaction.
experiment …………………………………………….
(ii) The student measures the rate of reaction by timing how long it takes for the calcium carbonate pieces to disappear.

Suggest the piece of apparatus the student uses to measure a time of 100s.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The student wants to determine the pH of the acid. She puts some universal indicator paper into the acid.
(i) Describe how the student uses the colour of the universal indicator paper to determine the pH of the hydrochloric acid and its relative acidity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Suggest the pH of dilute hydrochloric acid.
pH = …………………………………………….

(c) Hydrogen chloride, HCl, dissolves in water to make hydrochloric acid.
(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 5.1 to show the bonding in a molecule of hydrogen chloride.

Only show the outer shell electrons.

(ii) State the name of this type of chemical bonding.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Hydrogen chloride is a gas. Water is a liquid.
Describe the difference in the structure between a liquid and a gas, in terms of particle separation and the motion of the particles.
particle separation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
motion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 5(a)(i) experiment D ;
5(a)(ii) stopwatch ;
5(b)(i) check colour against pH chart ;

red pH 1–3 very acidic and orange/yellow pH 4–6 weakly acidic ;

5(b)(ii) pH = any value between 1 and 6 ;
5(c)(i)

1 shared pair only ;
all else correct ;

5(c)(ii) covalent (bonding) ;
5(d) (liquid) closer together / (gas) further apart) ;
(liquid) slide past each other / slower / (gas) free to move / faster ;

Question 6:

Topic – P1.6.1 Energy

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows how the energy transfers in a television when 100 J of electrical energy are supplied.

(i) Calculate the energy transferred as sound.

energy = ………………………………………………. J

(ii) Complete the sentences using the energy transfers shown in Fig. 6.1.
The television is designed to transfer …………………………………………. energy
to ………………………………………. energy and …………………………………………. energy.
…………………………………………. energy is wasted by the television.
(iii) The weight of the television is 120 N.
Calculate the mass of the television.
The gravitational force on unit mass, g, is 10 N / kg.

mass = …………………………………………….. kg

(b) Fig. 6.2 shows the power socket which supplies electricity to a television, a laptop and a printer.

(i) State the electrical hazard visible on Fig. 6.2.

(ii) Explain why the hazard identified in (b)(i) is not safe.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(i) State the name of the line XY.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State which angle, a, b, c or d, is the angle of incidence.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 6(a)(i) 5 (J) ;
6(a)(ii) electrical ;
light and sound ;
thermal ;

6(a)(iii) weight = mass × g (in any form) or mass = 120 ÷ 10 ;

= 12 (kg) ;

6(b)(i) frayed cables ;
6(b)(ii) danger of electrocution / short circuit ;
6(c)(i) normal ;
6(c)(ii) b ;
6(c)(iii) angle of incidence equals angle of reflection ;

Question 7:

Topic – B7.2 Digestive system

(a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

(i) Identify the letter in Fig. 7.1 that represents the part:
where egestion occurs ………………………….
where most absorption of food molecules occurs ………………………….
that releases food into the small intestine ………………………….

(ii) State the names of parts A and C in Fig. 7.1.

A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) the correct words in bold in the sentence to describe assimilation.
Assimilation is the movement of digested/insoluble food molecules into the cells/genes of the body where they are used.

(c) (i) The boxes on the left show principal sources of some nutrients.
The boxes on the right show the names of some nutrients.
Draw lines to link each principal source with the main nutrient it supplies.

(ii) List the chemical elements that make up carbohydrates.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Describe the importance of calcium in the diet.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 7(a)(i) F ;
D ;
B ;

7(a)(ii) A – liver ;
C – pancreas ;

7(b) digested and cells ;

7(c)(i)

7(c)(ii) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ;
7(c)(iii) strengthen bones / teeth ;

Question 8:

Topic – C9.2 Uses of metals

(a) Aluminium is obtained from its ore. Aluminium ore is a finite resource, so conserving aluminium is important.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term finite resource.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) State the name of the ore from which aluminium is extracted.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Aluminium is a metal.
State two physical or chemical properties of aluminium that make it suitable for use as food containers.
Explain your answers.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
explanation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
explanation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Table 8.1 shows the composition of elements by mass of 100g of an aluminium alloy.

Calculate the mass of aluminium in 100g of the alloy.

mass of aluminium = ……………………………………g

(iii) Identify the three transition elements listed in Table 8.1.

1 …………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………
3 …………………………………………………

▶️Answer/Explanatio

Ans: 8(a)(i) no longer being made or made extremely slowly ;
8(a)(ii) bauxite ;
8(b) any two from:
unreactive / resists corrosion ;
malleable ;
low density ;
AVP ;
suitable explanation for at least one property ;

8(c)(i) Mixture of two or more metals / metal and other elements ;
8(c)(ii) 83.8 (g) ;
8(c)(iii) copper
iron
nickel
;;
2 correct – 1 mark
3 correct – 2 marks

Question 9:

Topic – B13.1 Coordination and response

(a) Table 9.1 shows the highest and lowest frequencies that five animals can hear.

(i) State which animals from Table 9.1 can hear sounds with a pitch higher than a rat can hear.

Explain your answer.

(ii) A bat emits a high frequency sound.
State the range of frequencies emitted by a bat that a healthy human ear can hear.
highest frequency …………………………………………………Hz
lowest frequency …………………………………………………Hz

(b) (i) A bat flies at a constant speed of 40m/ s.
Calculate the time taken by the bat to travel 200m.

time = ……………………………………. s

(ii) Bats and birds often fly into wind turbines and are killed.
State one other disadvantage of using wind turbines to generate electrical energy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Wind energy is an example of a renewable energy source.
State one other renewable energy source.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) (i) Some bats are able to detect ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Fig. 9.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.
Write ultraviolet in the correct position in the electromagnetic spectrum.

(ii) State one danger of ultraviolet radiation to humans.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 9(a)(i) bat and dolphin ;
pitch is frequency ;

9(a)(ii) highest 20 000 Hz ;
lowest 2000 Hz ;

9(b)(i) time = distance/speed (in any form) or 200 ÷ 40 ;

= 5 (s) ;

9(b)(ii) unreliable / depends on the wind blowing ;
9(b)(iii) HEP /solar / tides / waves / geothermal ;
9(c)(i) ultraviolet in box between X-rays and visible light ;
9(c)(ii) skin cancer / sunburn ;

Question 10 :

Topic – B11.1 Gas exchange in humans

(a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of the gas exchange system in humans.

State the names of the parts labelled A, B and C in Fig. 10.1.
A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Describe three ways the composition of expired air is different from inspired air.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Gases move across the gas exchange surface by diffusion.
Place ticks (✓) next to all the statements that correctly describe diffusion.

(d) Gas exchange also occurs in plants.
(i) State the name of the part of the leaf where water vapour exits.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the term used to describe when water evaporates and then diffuses out of a leaf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) State two factors that increase the rate of water loss from a leaf.

1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 10(a) A – trachea ;
B – bronchus ;
C – alveoli ;

10(b) (expired air)
contains more carbon dioxide ;
contains less oxygen ;
contains more water vapour ;

;;
all correct = 2 marks
three ticks and two correct = 1 mark
otherwise = 0 marks

10(d)(i) stoma / stomata ;
10(d)(ii) transpiration ;
10(d)(iii) any two from:

increase in temperature ;
decrease in humidity ;
AVP ;

Question 11:

Topic – B18.3 Carbon cycle

(a) Methane, CH${4}$, is the main constituent of a fossil fuel.
(i) State the name of this fossil fuel.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State the name of one other fossil fuel.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Methane is a greenhouse gas.
State the name of one other common greenhouse gas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Complete Fig. 11.1 to show the structural formula of methane.

Fig. 11.1

Balance the symbol equation for this reaction.

CH$_{4}$ + ……………O$_{2}$ → CO$_{2}$ + ……………H$_{2}$O

(ii) The combustion of methane is an exothermic reaction.
Describe what is observed during an exothermic reaction.

(d) (i) State which diagram from Fig. 11.2 shows the structural formula of an alcohol.

……………………………………………………….

(ii) Describe the chemical test that distinguishes between A and B in Fig. 11.2.

test ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
result for A ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
result for B ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 11(a)(i) natural gas ;
11(a)(ii) coal / petroleum ;
11(a)(iii) carbon dioxide ;

11(b)

11(c)(i) 2 (O$_{2}$) ;
2 (H$_{2}$O) ;

11(c)(ii) temperature rise ;
11(d)(i) C
11(d)(ii) test – aqueous bromine ;
A – no change / stays orange ;
B – decolorises (from orange to colourless) ;

Question 12 :

Topic – P4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power

Fig. 12.1 shows a refrigerator.

(a) (i) The refrigerator uses electrical energy to:
• power the electric motor which operates the cooler
• light the lamp inside the refrigerator.

The electric motor and the lamp are connected in parallel.
The circuit symbol for a motor is M
Complete the circuit diagram for the refrigerator shown in Fig. 12.2.

Fig. 12.2

(ii) State the name of component X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) State the purpose of component X in this circuit.

(b) Food is kept in a refrigerator so that it stays fresh for longer.
Another way to preserve food is to treat it with γ-radiation.
γ-radiation is a form of ionising radiation.
State the name of one other form of ionising radiation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) The volume of air in the refrigerator is 0.25m$^{-3}$.
The density of the air is 1.28kg/m$^{-3}$.
Calculate the mass of the air in the refrigerator in grams.

mass = ……………………………………………….g

(d) Fig. 12.3 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

The thermometer is used to measure the temperature inside the freezing compartment of the refrigerator. This temperature is –18°C.
Table 12.1 gives some information about four liquids.

(i) Identify all the liquids from Table 12.1 that are suitable for use in this thermometer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the physical property of the liquid in the thermometer that varies with temperature.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: 12(a)(i) correct symbol for lamp ;
lamp and motor in parallel ;

12(a)(ii) fuse ;
12(a)(iii) protect circuit ;
12(b) alpha / beta / X-rays ;
12(c) mass = density × volume (in any form) / 1.28 × 0.25 ;
evidence of conversion of mass to grams ;
= 320 (g) ;

12(d)(i) ethanol, mercury and methanol ;
12(d)(ii) density / volume ;

Resources

Members

Company