Question 1:
Topic – B15.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
(a) Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things.
Complete the definition.
Reproduction is the process that makes more of the same kind of …………………………………
(b) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the male reproductive system in humans.
The boxes on the left show the letters labelling some of the parts in Fig. 1.1.
The boxes on the right show functions of some of the parts.
Draw one line to link each letter to its function.
(c) Fig. 1.2 is a drawing of a sperm cell.
Label the cell structure that contains the genetic material with a label line and the correct name.
(d) State the names of two cell structures that are present in plant cells but not present in animal cells.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 1(a) organism ;
1 mark for each line ;;;
1(b)
1(c) nucleus correctly labelled
labelling correct structure ;
correct name ;
1(d) any two from:
chloroplast ;
cell wall ;
(permanent) vacuole ;
Question 2:
Topic – C2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures
(a) (i) There are different methods of separating mixtures.
Fig. 2.1 shows that distillation is used to separate water from aqueous potassium chloride.
Complete Fig. 2.1 to show how the other three substances are separated from the mixtures.
(ii) Name the solvent in aqueous copper sulfate.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) State one use for bitumen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The treatment of a water supply uses filtration and chlorination.
Give a reason for using filtration and chlorination.
filtration ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
chlorination …………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Electrolysis is a process which uses electricity to break down a compound.
For example, when molten lead bromide is electrolysed, lead and bromine are made.
Complete the sentences about the electrolysis of lead bromide using words from the list.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
bromine cell electrolyte electrons hydrogen
ions lead molecules negative positive
Molten lead bromide is called the …………………………………………….. because it contains
…………………………………………….. which are free to move.
The …………………………………………….. electrode is called the cathode
and the …………………………………………….. electrode is called the anode.
…………………………………………….. forms at the anode and …………………………………………
forms at the cathode.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 2(a)(i)
one pair of links correct ;
two pairs of links correct ;
three pairs of links correct ;
2(a)(ii) water ;
2(a)(iii) road surfaces ;
2(b) filtration – removes solid particles ;
chlorination – kills microbes / sterilises water ;
2(c) electrolyte ;
ions ;
negative and positive (in that order) ;
bromine and lead (in that order) ;
Question 3:
Topic – P1.6.3 Energy resources
(a) A man is sitting on a beach on a sunny day. The man is out in the Sun for too long and gets sunburned.
(i) State the name of the electromagnetic radiation that causes sunburn.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Place the electromagnetic radiation named in 3(a)(i) into the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum shown in Fig. 3.1.
(b) The man stands up. Pressure from his feet makes footprints in the sand.
State the two quantities needed to calculate this pressure.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) The man catches a beach ball.
The ball has a mass of 0.50kg and a weight of 4.9N.
Calculate the value of the gravitational field strength g.
State the units of your answer.
g = …………………… units …………………..
(d) Fig. 3.2 represents a water wave on the sea.
(i) Determine the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength = …………………………………………….. m
(ii) Determine the amplitude of the wave.
amplitude = …………………………………………….. m
(e) A piece of glass has been left on the sand.
The glass acts as a convex lens focusing the Sun’s rays onto a piece of paper lying on the sand.
(i) Complete Fig. 3.3 to show the three rays of light focused on the paper at point X.
(ii) The lens has a mass of 5.0g and a volume of 2.0cm$^{3}$.
Calculate the density of the glass in the lens.
density = ………………………………………. g/cm$^{3}$
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 3(a)(i) ultraviolet ;
3(a)(ii) ultraviolet (UV) written in box to the right of X-rays ;
3(b) surface area of feet (in contact with sand) ;
weight of man ;
3(c) g = weight × mass (in any form) / 4.9× 0.50 ;
9.8 ;
N / kg ;
3(d)(i) 4(.0) (m) ;
3(d)(ii) 1(.0) (m) ;
3(e)(i) three rays coming to a focus at X ;
3(e)(ii) density = mass ÷ volume (in any form) / 5.0 ÷ 2.0 ;
= 2.5 (g / cm$^{3}$) ;
Question 4:
Topic – B19.1 Habitat destruction
(a) Scientists record the area of land that is cleared by deforestation every year.
Fig. 4.1 shows a bar chart of the results in one country.
(i) Calculate the percentage decrease in area cleared by deforestation between 2004 and 2007.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
area cleared by deforestation in 2004 ……………………………………………….. km$^{2}$
area cleared by deforestation in 2007 ………………………………………………… km$^{2}$
percentage change …………………………………………………….%
(ii) The change in area cleared by deforestation between 1997 and 2004 affects carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
Use ideas about the carbon cycle to explain why.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Changes to the concentration of gases in the atmosphere is one undesirable effect of deforestation.
List three other undesirable effects of deforestation on the environment.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) State two ways that living animals transfer carbon in the carbon cycle.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 4(a)(i) 27000 and 11000 ;
((27000 − 11000) / 27000 × 100) (= 59.259) ;
= 59 (%) ;
4(a)(ii) increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere ;
idea of less photosynthesis ;
4(a)(iii) any three from:
habitat destruction ;
extinction ;
soil erosion ;
flooding ;
AVP ;
4(b) any two from:
feeding ;
respiration ;
AVP ;
Question 5:
Topic – C8.3 Group VII properties
(a) Table 5.1 shows some information about three Group VII elements.
Complete Table 5.1.
(b) State the name given to the Group VII elements in the Periodic Table.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) An atom of one of the isotopes of iodine contains 53 protons and 74 neutrons.
Some statements about iodine are shown below.
Place a tick (√) to show the correct statements about iodine.
(d) Describe what is observed when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous potassium chloride
and to aqueous potassium bromide.
aqueous potassium chloride ………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
aqueous potassium bromide ……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) A gas jar filled with air is placed on top of a gas jar filled with orange bromine vapour. After
several hours, the bromine vapour has mixed with the air.
This is shown in Fig. 5.1.
Explain why the bromine mixes with the air.
Use ideas about the movement of molecules in your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 5(a)
one mark for each column ;;;
5(b) halogens ;
5(c) √
no tick / 
√
√
3 ticks and 3 correct = 2 marks
4 ticks and 3 correct = 1 mark
3 ticks and 2 correct = 1 mark
2 ticks and 2 correct = 1 mark
;;
5(d) potassium chloride – white precipitate ;
potassium bromide – cream/off white precipitate ;
5(e) diffusion ;
molecules move randomly from place to place / spread out / from high to low concentration ;
Question 6:
Topic – P1.6.1 Energy
(a) Fig. 6.1 shows a double electric hotplate used to heat food.
Fig. 6.2 shows the circuit diagram for the hotplates.
Hotplate A and hotplate B are identical and are connected to a 240V a.c. supply. Each hotplate has a resistance of 40Ω.
(i) Calculate the current in hotplate A.
current = ……………………………………………… A
(ii) State the term used for the circuit arrangement of the hotplates in Fig. 6.2.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) 
the correct value for the combined resistance of the two hotplates connected as shown in Fig. 6.2.
20Ω 40Ω 80Ω 1600Ω
Explain your answer.
explanation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) A steel saucepan containing water is placed on one of the hotplates as shown in Fig. 6.3.
(i) State the method by which thermal energy is transferred through the base of the steel saucepan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) The water at the bottom of the saucepan is heated.
All the water in the saucepan is warmed by convection.
On Fig. 6.3, draw arrows to show how the heated water circulates around the saucepan.
One arrow has been drawn for you.
(iii) As the water in the saucepan is heated, some of the water evaporates.
Choose words from the list to complete the sentences to describe evaporation.
bottom density energy mass middle surface
Water molecules escape from the …………………………………………….. of the liquid.
Only the water molecules with the greatest …………………………………………….. escape.
(iv) Eventually the water boils as it reaches the boiling point of water.
State the boiling point of water.
boiling point of water = …………………………………………….. °C
(v) While the water boils, the hotplate continues to heat the water in the saucepan.
State what happens to the temperature of the water when it is boiling.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 6(a)(i) current = voltage $\div$ resistance (in any form) / 240 $\div$ 40 ;
= 6 (A) ;
6(a)(ii) parallel ;
6(a)(iii) 20 (Ω) ;
combined resistance is less than either individual resistor ;
6(b)(i) conduction ;
6(b)(ii) arrows continue upwards and then go to left and /or right and then down ;
6(b)(iii) surface ;
energy ;
6(b)(iv) 100 (ºC) ;
6(b)(v) no change in temperature ;
Question 7:
Topic – B5.1 Enzymes
(a) Enzymes are only active within a specific pH range.
Table 7.1 shows the specific pH range for five different enzymes.
Identify the enzyme(s) from Table 7.1 that are:
only active in acidic conditions ……………………………………………..
active over the widest range of pH values ……………………………………………..
active at pH8. ……………………………………………..
(b) State one factor, other than pH, that affects enzyme activity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Enzymes are proteins.
the elements that all enzymes contain.
calcium carbon chlorine hydrogen
magnesium nitrogen oxygen
(d) Table 7.2 lists some large nutrient molecules and the smaller molecules from which they are made.
Complete Table 7.2.
(e) Digested nutrients are absorbed by the body.
Place ticks (√) in the boxes to show two correct statements about absorption.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 7(a) A and D ;
C ;
B and C ;
7(b) temperature / AVP ;
7(c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen circled ;
7(d)
7(e)
;;
3 ticks and 2 correct = 1 mark
3 ticks and 1 correct = 0 marks
4 or more ticks = 0 marks
Question 8:
Topic – C6.2 Rate of reaction
(a) Fig. 8.1 shows the apparatus a student uses to investigate the rate of reaction between
magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Hydrogen gas is collected in the measuring cylinder.
The other product is aqueous magnesium chloride.
(i) Construct the word equation for this reaction.
…………………………. + ………………………….→ …………………………. + ………………………….
(ii) State two changes to the reaction conditions that increase the rate of reaction.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) The reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is exothermic.
State the meaning of exothermic.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv) The student repeats the experiment using three different metals, copper, iron and calcium.
The observations are shown in Table 8.1.
Place the four metals in order of their reactivity from the most reactive to the least reactive.
(b) Table 8.2 shows information about the four metals in a magnesium alloy.
(i) Calculate the percentage of magnesium contained in the alloy.
percentage of magnesium = …………………………………………….. %
(ii) Calculate the mass of aluminium contained in 20kg of the alloy.
mass of aluminium = ……………………………………………. kg
(iii) Suggest why, apart from cost, this alloy of magnesium is used rather than pure
magnesium for making parts for car engines.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 8(a)(i) magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen ;
8(a)(ii) any two from:
increase temperature (of acid) ;
increase concentration (of acid) ;
decrease particle size / increase surface area of magnesium ;
8(a)(iii) releases thermal energy ;
8(a)(iv) calcium
magnesium
iron
copper ;
8(b)(i) 89 (%) ;
8(b)(ii) 1.8 (kg) ;
8(b)(iii) stronger ;
Question 9:
Topic – P1.6.1 Energy
(a) Fig. 9.1 shows four energy sources and four descriptions of energy sources.
Draw one straight line from each energy source to the correct description of the energy source.
(b) Nuclear fuels are used to generate electricity in a nuclear power station.
State the name of the process by which a nuclear fuel produces heat.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Plutonium-239 is an example of a nuclear fuel.
Plutonium-239 has the nuclide notation $_{94}^{239}\textrm{Pu}$.
Determine the number of neutrons in one atom of plutonium-239.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) (i) Plutonium-239 decays by alpha emission.
The decay product is uranium-235.
Write the word equation for this decay process.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Describe an alpha particle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) α-particles, β-particles, and γ-radiation are three radioactive emissions.
Place the three emissions in order of their ionising ability.
………………………………………. ………………………………………. …………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 9(a)
1 correct ;
2 or 3 correct ;
4 correct ;
9(b) (nuclear) fission ;
9(c) 145 ;
9(d)(i) plutonium-239 → uranium-235 + alpha particle ;
9(d)(ii) helium nucleus /2 protons and 2 neutrons
9(e) most ionising – alpha beta gamma – least ionising
Question 10:
Topic – B6.2 Leaf structure
(a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of a cross-section through a leaf.
(i) State the name of the part labelled X and the cell labelled Y in Fig. 10.1.
part X ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
cell Y …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Draw one arrow on Fig. 10.1 to show the pathway of water vapour during transpiration.
(b) Fig. 10.2 is an incomplete sketch graph.
Complete Fig. 10.2 to show the effect of humidity on the rate of transpiration by:
• including axis labels
• drawing a line to show the trend.
(c) State the name of the type of plant cell that absorbs water from the soil.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) State the name of the plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Suggest one reason why not all the water absorbed is lost through transpiration.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(f) Blood has several functions including transport in humans.
(i) State one function of white blood cells.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State two other main components of blood.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 10(a)(i) X – (upper) epidermis ;
Y – spongy mesophyll ;
10(a)(ii) arrow drawn from leaf going out of stoma ;
10(b) axis labels ;
negative correlation ;
10(c) root hair (cell) ;
10(d) xylem ;
10(e) some used in, photosynthesis / support ;
10(f)(i) phagocytosis / production of antibodies ;
10(f)(ii) any two from:
red blood cells ;
plasma ;
platelets ;
Question 11:
Topic – C9.4 Reactivity series
(a) Sodium forms a basic oxide. Carbon forms acidic oxides.
State why they are different.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Carbon is a solid and carbon dioxide is a gas.
Describe the differences between a solid and a gas using ideas about particle separation and particle motion.
particle separation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
particle motion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Diamond is one form of carbon.
Fig. 11.1 shows the arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond.
two words from the list to describe the structure and bonding in diamond.
simple giant metallic ionic covalent polymer
(d) (i) Sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to make sodium chloride.
Balance the symbol equation for this reaction.
……..Na + Cl$_{2}$ → ……..NaCl
(ii) During the reaction sodium atoms form sodium ions, Na$^{+}$, and chlorine atoms form
chloride ions, Cl$^{-}$.
Fig. 11.2 shows the electronic structure of a sodium ion and a chloride ion.
Write down the electronic structure of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom.
sodium atom ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
chlorine atom ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Sodium and lithium are both in Group I of the Periodic Table.
Sodium reacts violently with water.
Describe the reaction of lithium with water.
Describe the trend in the reactivity of Group I elements as shown by sodium and lithium.
reaction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
explanation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 11(a) non-metals form acidic oxides and metals form basic oxides ;
11(b) (solid) closer together / (gas) further apart) ;
(solid) vibrating about a fixed point / (gas) free to move / faster ;
11(c) giant ;
covalent ;
11(d)(i) 2 Na and 2 NaCl ;
11(d)(ii) 2, 8, 1 ;
2, 8, 7 ;
11(d)(iii) lithium reacts less rapidly / quickly ;
(metal) reactivity increases down group ;
Question 12:
Topic – P1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques
(a) Fig. 12.1 is a distance–time graph for two cyclists A and B who are racing for a distance of 1000m.
(i) Calculate the time difference over the 1000m for cyclist A compared to cyclist B.
time difference = ………………………………… s
(ii) Calculate the speed of cyclist B.
speed = …………………………………………. m/ s
(iii) Describe how the graph shows that cyclist B moves at a constant speed.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) Fig. 12.2 shows a cyclist moving along a flat road.
Choose words or phrases from the list to complete the sentence.
Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.
chemical potential elastic potential gravitational potential kinetic
As the cyclist’s speed increases, the …………………………………………….. energy in the
cyclist’s body decreases and the …………………………………………….. energy of the cyclist increases.
(ii) As the cyclist rides along the road, the temperature of the air in the tyres increases.
Describe the change in the motion of the air molecules.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) The cyclist has a tyre puncture and needs to remove the wheel.
Fig. 12.3 shows the wheel nut that must be unscrewed.
The cyclist has two spanners X and Y which can be used to unscrew the wheel nut.
Fig. 12.4 shows the two spanners.
Explain why spanner X will unscrew the wheel nut more easily than spanner Y.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: 12(a)(i) 20 (s) ;
12(a)(ii) speed = distance / time or formula or 1000 / 120 ;
= 8.3 or 8.33 (m / s) ;
12(a)(iii) constant gradient ;
12(b)(i) chemical (potential) ;
kinetic ;
12(b)(ii) molecules move faster ;
12(c) X is longer ;
so greater moment ;