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Question 1:

Which characteristic of living things is described as the removal of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements?
(A) excretion
(B) homeostasis
(C) nutrition
(D) respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:  A

Question 2:

The photographs show some onion cells before and after being placed in a concentrated solution of glucose.

What explains the appearance of the onion cells after placing them into the concentrated solution of glucose?
(A) Glucose has entered the cells by osmosis.
(B) Glucose has left the cells by diffusion.
(C) Water has entered the cells by diffusion.
(D) Water has left the cells by osmosis.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 3:

Three food tests are carried out on a sample of food. The results are shown.

From these results, which nutrient is in the food?
(A) reducing sugar
(B) protein
(C) starch
(D) fat

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 4:

One method of preventing food spoilage is to store it at 4 ºC in a refrigerator.
Why does storing food at low temperatures help to prevent food spoilage?
(A) It decreases enzyme activity.
(B) It denatures enzymes.
(C) It increases enzyme production.
(D) It kills cells.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 5:

The diagram shows a plan of the cross-section of a dicotyledonous leaf.

What is the name of the part labelled P?
(A) palisade mesophyll
(B) spongy mesophyll
(C) upper epidermis
(D) vascular bundle

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 6:

What is the dietary importance of fibre?
(A) It builds and repairs tissue.
(B) It builds strong bones and teeth.
(C) It helps to prevent constipation.
(D) It provides a source of iron.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 7:

Selexipag is a drug used to treat a condition where the blood pressure going to the lungs is too high. The drug works by widening the blood vessel leading to the lungs to reduce the pressure.
Which blood vessel going to the lungs is selexipag widening?
(A) aorta
(B) pulmonary artery
(C) pulmonary vein
(D) vena cava

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 8:

The list shows some processes that occur in the body.

1 cell division
2 oxygen diffusion
3 protein synthesis
4 temperature regulation
Which processes use energy released by respiration?

(A) 1, 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 2

(C) 2, 3 and 4

(D) 3 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 9:

In which order does an impulse pass along neurones during a reflex action?
(A) motor → relay → sensory
(B) motor → sensory → relay
(C) sensory →motor → relay
(D) sensory → relay → motor

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 10:

Before fertilisation in flowering plants, which structure must the pollen nucleus pass through to reach the nucleus in the ovule?
(A) filament
(B) petal
(C) stamen
(D) style

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 11:

Albinism is a genetic condition which results in an absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.
If two black mice produce an albino offspring, which Punnett square shows the correct cross?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 12:

What is the correct order for the food chain from the information given?

● beetles are herbivores
● mice eat the beetles
● owls are the tertiary consumers
● the leaves of a plant are the producer
(A) beetles → mice → owl → leaves
(B) leaves → beetles → mice → owl
(C) leaves → beetles → owl → mice
(D) owl → mice → beetles →leaves

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 13:

The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

Which process does X represent?
(A) combustion
(B) decomposition
(C) photosynthesis
(D) respiration

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 14:

A student adds 5 g of magnesium ribbon to 20 cm$^{3}$ of dilute hydrochloric acid in a beaker.

The student measures how long it takes for the effervescence to stop.
Which pieces of apparatus does the student use in this experiment?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 15:

Sea water is a mixture that contains sodium chloride dissolved in water.
Which row describes sea water?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 16:

What is the dot-and-cross diagram for a water molecule?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 17:

The electronic structures of carbon and of hydrogen are shown.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 18:

Which elements are formed at the electrodes during the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 19:

Four different substances are added to the same acid of the same concentration in reactions W, X, Y and Z.
The initial temperature of the acid before each reaction is 21 ºC.
The final temperatures of the mixtures are measured.
The results are shown.

Which row is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 20:

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with solid calcium carbonate.
Which change decreases the rate of the reaction?
(A) decreasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
(B) decreasing the size of the calcium carbonate pieces
(C) increasing the surface area of the calcium carbonate
(D) increasing the temperature of the acid

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 21:

Which statement about oxidation is correct?
(A) It occurs when an element or compound chemically combines with oxygen.
(B) It occurs when an element or compound forms a mixture with oxygen.
(C) It occurs when an element or compound is separated from a mixture with oxygen.
(D) It occurs when a compound loses oxygen.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 22:

Which substance is classified as an acidic oxide?
(A calcium oxide
(B) carbon dioxide
(C) lithium oxide
(D) sodium oxide

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 23:

The results of two tests on compound P are shown.

What is P?
(A) lithium bromide
(B) lithium chloride
(C) sodium bromide
(D) sodium chloride

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 24:

What is not a property of transition elements?
(A) form coloured compounds
(B) good electrical conductivity
(C) high melting point
(D) low density

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 25:

What is the order of reactivity of metals, from highest to lowest?
(A) aluminium → calcium → copper → iron
(B) calcium → iron → copper → aluminium
(C) calcium → magnesium → iron → copper
(D) aluminium → magnesium → iron → copper

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 26:

A colourless liquid is tested with blue cobalt(II) chloride paper. The blue paper turns pink.
What does this test prove that the liquid contains?
(A) an acid
(B) an alkali
(C) ethanol
(D) water

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 27:

What are the products of the complete combustion of ethanol?
(A) carbon and hydrogen
(B) carbon dioxide and hydrogen
(C) carbon dioxide and water
(D) carbon monoxide and water

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 28:

A person runs 5000 m in 1200 s and then walks a further 3000 m in 1800 s.
What is their average speed for this journey?
(A) 1.7  m/s 

(B) 2.7  m/s

(C) 2.9  m/s

(D) 5.8  m/s

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 29:

The diagram shows the two forces acting on a skydiver.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 30:

When a ball is kicked vertically upwards, its initial kinetic energy is 12 J. When the ball arrives back at its starting point, its kinetic energy is 8.0 J.
Which statement explains the change in the kinetic energy of the ball?
(A) 4.0 J of work is done to increase the gravitational potential energy of the ball.
(B) 4.0 J of work is done to overcome air resistance.
(C) 20 J of work is done to increase the gravitational potential energy of the ball.
(D) 20 J of work is done to overcome air resistance.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 31:

A motor lifts a load vertically upwards at constant speed. The weight of the load is known.
Which of the other quantities in the table must be known to determine the useful power output of the motor?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 32:

Which material is a poor thermal conductor?
(A) air
(B) aluminium
(C) copper
(D) iron

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Question 33:

A ray of light travels from air into a parallel-sided glass block and then back into air.
Which diagram shows the path of the light?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 34:

Which electromagnetic waves have the lowest frequency?
(A) gamma
(B) infrared
(C) ultraviolet
(D) radio

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 35:

Object P is positively charged and object Q is negatively charged.
Which row describes the force between P and Q and explains how they became charged?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Question 36:

A lamp is connected to a 3.0V battery. The resistance of the lamp is 60 Ω.
What is the current in the lamp?
(A)  0.050 mA

(B)  20 mA

(C)  50 mA

(D) 180 mA

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 37:

The diagram shows two resistors connected in parallel to a battery. The circuit contains a voltmeter and an ammeter.

A third resistor is now connected in parallel with these two resistors.
What happens to the voltmeter reading and what happens to the ammeter reading?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 38:

Which diagram shows the pattern and the direction of the magnetic field around a straight wire that is carrying a current into the page?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Question 39:

An element has two isotopes.
Which statement about the nuclei of atoms of these isotopes is correct?
(A) They have equal numbers of neutrons but different numbers of electrons.
(B) They have equal numbers of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
(C) They have equal numbers of protons but different numbers of electrons.
(D) They have equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Question 40:

The graph shows how the rate of emission of radiation from a radioactive sample changes with time.

What is the half-life of this sample?
(A) 40 minutes
(B) 2.0 years
(C) 5.0 years
(D) 10 years

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

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