2019-may-Chemistry_paper_1__TZ2_SL Detailed Solution

Question

Topic:

Discuss:  How many moles of magnesium hydroxide are produced with $0.50 \mathrm{~mol}$ of ammonia?

$$
\mathrm{Mg}_3 \mathrm{~N}_2(\mathrm{~s})+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_2(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{NH}_3(\mathrm{aq})
$$

A. $0.25$
B. $0.33$
C. $0.75$
D. $1.5$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:C

Solution:

From the balanced chemical equation, it can be seen that 2 moles of ammonia are required to produce 3 moles of magnesium hydroxide. Therefore, if $0.50~\mathrm{mol}$ of ammonia is consumed, then the amount of magnesium hydroxide produced can be calculated as follows:

$$
\frac{3~\mathrm{mol~Mg(OH)_2}}{2~\mathrm{mol~NH_3}} \times 0.50~\mathrm{mol~NH_3} = 0.75~\mathrm{mol~Mg(OH)_2}
$$

Therefore, the answer is option C, $0.75$ moles of magnesium hydroxide.

Question

Topic:

Discuss:  What is the sum of the integer coefficients when propene undergoes complete combustion?

$$
\ldots \mathrm{C_3} \mathrm{H}_6(\mathrm{~g})+\ldots \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow \ldots \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\ldots \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})
$$

A. $11$
B. $17$
C. $21$
D. $23$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:D

Solution:

$2 \mathrm{C_3} \mathrm{H}_6(\mathrm{~g})+9 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$

The sum of the coefficients in this balanced equation is $2+9+6+6=23$. Therefore, the answer is D. $23$.

Question

Topic:

Discuss:  the volume of gas when the pressure on $100 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ of gas is changed from $400 \mathrm{kPa}$ to $200 \mathrm{kPa}$ at constant temperature?

A. $50.0 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
B. $100 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
C. $200 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
D. $800 \mathrm{~cm}^3$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:C

Solution:

The relationship between pressure ($P$) and volume ($V$) of a gas at constant temperature can be described by the following equation:

$$
P_1V_1 = P_2V_2
$$

where $P_1$ and $V_1$ are the initial pressure and volume, and $P_2$ and $V_2$ are the final pressure and volume.

We are given $P_1 = 400\ \mathrm{kPa}$, $P_2 = 200\ \mathrm{kPa}$, and $V_1 = 100\ \mathrm{cm^3}$. To find $V_2$, we can rearrange the equation as follows:

$$
V_2 = \frac{P_1V_1}{P_2} = \frac{(400\ \mathrm{kPa})(100\ \mathrm{cm^3})}{200\ \mathrm{kPa}} = 200\ \mathrm{cm^3}
$$

Therefore, the volume of the gas when the pressure is changed from $400\ \mathrm{kPa}$ to $200\ \mathrm{kPa}$ at constant temperature is $200\ \mathrm{cm^3}$, and the answer is C. $200\ \mathrm{~cm^3}$.

Question

Topic:

Calculate:  the concentration, in mol dm ${ }^{-3}$, of $20.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}\left(M_{\mathrm{r}}=40.0\right)$ in $500.0 \mathrm{~cm}^3 ?$

A. $0.250$
B. $0.500$
C. $1.00$
D. $4.00$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:C

Solution:

To calculate the concentration of a solution, we need to use the formula:

$$\text{Concentration} = \frac{\text{Amount of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution}}$$

In this problem, we are given the amount of solute (20.0 g of $\mathrm{NaOH}$) and the volume of the solution (500.0 cm$^3$). We need to convert the amount of solute from grams to moles using the molar mass of $\mathrm{NaOH}$:

$$\text{Amount of solute} = \frac{20.0\text{ g}}{40.0\text{ g/mol}} = 0.500\text{ mol}$$

Now we can plug in the values into the formula:

$$\text{Concentration} = \frac{0.500\text{ mol}}{500.0\text{ cm}^3} = 0.00100\text{ mol/cm}^3 = \boxed{\textbf{(C) }1.00}$$

Note that we have converted the volume from cm$^3$ to dm$^3$ by dividing by 1000, since the units in the answer choices are in mol dm$^{-3}$.

Question

Topic:

Discuss:  Which is correct for ${ }_{16}^{34} \mathrm{~S}^{2-} ?$

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:D

Solution:

The atomic number of an atom or ion is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, since the ion is sulfur with a 2- charge, it has gained two electrons compared to a neutral sulfur atom. Therefore, the number of protons in the nucleus is still 16, while the number of electrons is 16 + 2 = 18.

The mass number of an atom or ion is equal to the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The atomic mass of sulfur is 34, so the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of the sulfur ion is 34. Since the number of protons is 16, the number of neutrons is 34 – 16 = 18.

Therefore, the correct option is D, with 16 protons, 18 electrons, and 18 neutrons.

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