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QUESTION 1.

The electron micrograph shows onion root cells prepared using a freeze-fracture technique. The
cells were quickly frozen and then physically broken apart. Freeze fracture breaks apart cells
along weak areas, such as membranes and the surfaces of organelles.

Which statement best explains the appearance of the electron micrograph?
(A) The cells were broken apart at the endoplasmic reticulum; structure X is a ribosome.
(B) The cells were broken apart at the nuclear envelope; structure X is a nuclear pore.
(C) The cells were broken apart at the nuclear envelope; structure X is a ribosome.
(D) The cells were broken apart at the tonoplast; structure X is a plasmodesma.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 2.

Which cell structures can form vesicles?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 3.

Four students were asked to match the function with the appearance of some cell structures in an animal cell.
The functions were listed by number.
1 synthesis of polypeptides
2 synthesis of lipids
3 packaging of hydrolytic enzymes that will remain in the cell
The appearances were listed by letter.
V membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity
W non-membrane-bound, spherical structures
X a double membrane interspersed with pores
Y. non-membrane-bound, cylindrical structures
Z membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened stack
Which student correctly matched the numbered function with the appearance of the cell structure?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 4.

Which cells contain a tonoplast?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 5.

Which organelles found in animal or plant cells are surrounded by double membranes?
(A) chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles
(B) chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei
(C) chloroplasts, nuclei, vacuoles
(D) mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 6.

Some scientists think that mitochondria evolved from bacteria that entered the cytoplasm of a
different cell and were able to survive there.
Which structural features of mitochondria support this hypothesis?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 7.

What is present in all viruses, all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?
(A) ribose
(B) deoxyribose
(C) cytosine
(D) thymine

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 8.

The table shows some steps that can be made in carrying out the Benedict’s test.
Which combination of steps is required to carry out a semi-quantitative test on a reducing sugar solution?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 9.

The diagrams show three examples of different bonds.

Which bonds hold the secondary structure of proteins together?
(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 1 and 3 only

(C) 1 only

(D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 10.

Insulin is a globular protein involved in cell signalling. It is transported in the blood plasma from
the cells that synthesise it to its target cells. A molecule of insulin contains six sulfur-containing
amino acids and has two polypeptide chains.
Which statements about insulin are correct?
1 An insulin molecule has a quaternary structure.
2 Insulin polypeptides are held together by six disulfide bonds.
3 Amino acids with hydrophobic R groups would be found in the centre of an insulin molecule.

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 1 and 2 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 11.

Which statement correctly explains why blood plasma can be maintained at a stable temperature?
(A) It has a low specific heat capacity.
(B) It has a high specific heat capacity.
(C) It has a low latent heat of vaporisation.
(D) It has a high latent heat of vaporisation.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 12.

Which region on the graph shows the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 13.

The graph shows the effect of an increasing substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

Line P represents the result when the enzyme is used at its optimum pH and optimum temperature and without an inhibitor.
Line Q represents the result when the reaction conditions are changed.
Which descriptions of changes to the reaction conditions could result in line Q if all other conditions were kept the same?
1. Add an inhibitor that attaches to a site other than the active site.
2. Add an inhibitor that has a similar shape to the substrate.
3. Add an inhibitor that blocks the active site of the enzyme.
4. Carry out the reaction at a higher temperature.
(A) 1, 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4 only

(C) 2, 3 and 4

(D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 14.

Which statement about cell signalling is correct?
(A) One type of receptor molecule will recognise all ligands in the body.
(B) The binding of a ligand may cause a change to the shape of the receptor.
(C) The receptors for ligands are always found on the inside of cells.
(D) The same ligand is made by all of the cells in the body.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 15.

Four students, A, B, C and D, observed plant epidermal cells that had been placed in a
concentrated sucrose solution for 30 minutes. They were asked to identify the partially permeable
layer and to explain the appearance of the cells in terms of water potential and movement of water.
Which student is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 16.

The table compares the surface area to volume ratios of five agar blocks that differ in dimensions
but which all have the same volume.
The agar blocks can be used to measure the efficiency of diffusion, where efficiency is measured
as the time taken for a dye to reach all parts of the block.


Which prediction can be made about the way in which size and dimensions of these blocks affect the efficiency of diffusion?
(A) The efficiency of diffusion will decrease as the width of a block increases.
(B) The efficiency of diffusion will increase as the height of a block increases.
(C) The efficiency of diffusion will increase as a block of fixed volume is flattened.
(D) The efficiency of diffusion will decrease as a block of fixed volume is elongated.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 17.

The cell cycle includes mitosis.
What are features of this type of nuclear division?
1 forms cells of equal size to the parent cell
2 forms genetically identical nuclei
3 semi-conservative replication of DNA
(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 1 and 2 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 2 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 18.

A student observed the cells in the growing region (meristem) of an onion root and obtained the data shown.

Which percentage of cells contains chromosomes that appear as two chromatids?
(A) 7.3%

(B) 8.9%

(C) 95.9%

(D) 97.5

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:-B

QUESTION 19.

Which statement about messenger RNA is correct?
(A) In eukaryotic cells, mRNA is made by removing exons from the primary RNA transcript.
(B) mRNA is a single-stranded polynucleotide containing a different purine base than DNA.
(C) mRNA molecules contain ribose sugars joined to phosphate groups by phosphodiester bonds.
(D) The monomers of mRNA contain a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 20.

Which structures are involved in transcription only?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 21.

One gene provides the code for the production of which type of molecule?
(A) amino acid
(B) DNA
(C) nucleotide
(D) polypeptide

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 22.

The table shows some mRNA codons that code for certain amino acids.

A DNA template strand has the base sequence shown.
ACAGTATTATTTGCAACG

What would the change in the amino acid be if the first base in the fifth DNA triplet was substituted for an A base?
(A) alanine to cysteine
(B) alanine to threonine
(C) arginine to cysteine
(D) arginine to threonine

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

 

QUESTION 23.

Which structures contain cytoplasm with mitochondria and a nucleus?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 24.

What is the correct term to describe intermolecular hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
(A) adhesion
(B) cohesion
(C) osmosis
(D) diffusion

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

 

QUESTION 25.

The diagram shows the outline of a xerophytic leaf that had been left for 45 minutes in different conditions, P and Q.

Which statements about the cells in layer Y of the leaf in each of the conditions P and Q after
45 minutes are correct?
1 There is a less negative water potential in P than in Q.
2 The cells may be turgid in P and plasmolysed in Q.
3 The cells are less turgid in P than in Q.
4 There is no net diffusion of water into Y in either P or Q.
(A) 1, 2 and 4 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C )1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 26.

How does sucrose move from chloroplasts to the phloem?

1 diffusion
2 apoplast pathway
3 symplast pathway
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 27.

How are companion cells involved in loading sucrose into phloem sieve tube elements?
(A) actively through cotransporter proteins and passively through plasmodesmata
(B) actively through cotransporter proteins and plasmodesmata
(C) passively through cotransporter proteins only
(D) actively through plasmodesmata only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 28.

The photomicrograph shows blood cells as seen using a high-power light microscope.

Which row correctly identifies the different types of white blood cell?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 29.

Plan diagrams of two blood vessels are shown.

Which labels are correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 30.

What are found in blood and tissue fluid?

1 carbon dioxide
2 fatty acids
3 white blood cells
4 proteins

(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(B) 1, 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 3 and 4 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 31.

Which reactions would be slowed down by an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase?

1 CO2 + haemoglobin → carbaminohaemoglobin
2 CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
3 H2CO3 → H+
+ HCO3–

(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 32.

Which sequence of letters correctly identifies the order of events during the cardiac cycle?

T atrial walls contract
U impulse is delayed by a fraction of a second
V wave of excitation enters the atrioventricular node
W wave of excitation passes down the Purkyne tissue
X wave of excitation spreads from the sinoatrial node
Y ventricles contract

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 33.

The diagram gives information about blood pressure in the left side of the heart during the cardiac cycle.

Valves open and close at the points numbered.

Which row identifies the valves opening or closing at the points numbered?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 34.

A person with no breathing conditions rests for an hour. Their breathing in this time is shallow and
slow, so little air from outside the body reaches the alveoli. The person’s heart rate remains
constant.
Which statement is correct?
(A) The carbon dioxide concentration in the blood in the pulmonary vein will be higher than in the
pulmonary artery.
(B) Carbon dioxide molecules in the air of the alveoli move out of the blood by active transport.
(C) The air in the alveoli has a lower concentration of oxygen than the blood in the pulmonary
vein.
(D) Oxygen molecules diffuse from the air in the alveoli into the blood at a slower rate than when
the person is active.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 35.

Which statements about all bronchioles are correct?

1 They have epithelium.
2 They have goblet cells.
3 They have muscle tissue.
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 3 only (C) 2 only (D) 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- B

QUESTION 36.

The diagram shows some of the pathogens that cause disease in humans and some of the ways they are transmitted.

What is the correct pathogen and method of transmission for malaria?
(A) 1 and X (B) 2 and W (C) 2 and X (D) 3 and Y

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

QUESTION 37.

Some of the processes which result in the formation of a population of bacteria that are resistant
to a new antibiotic are listed.
1 change in reproductive success of bacteria
2 increase in frequency of the resistance allele in the population
3 increase in genetic variation within the population
4 random mutation occurs in bacterial DNA
What is the correct order of these processes?
(A) 1 → 3 → 2 → 4
(B) 2 → 1 → 3 → 4
(C) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2
(D) 4 → 3 → 1 → 2

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 38.

When bacteria are grown in a Petri dish containing discs with antibiotics, there will be zones of inhibition of bacterial growth.

The chart shows the size of the zones of inhibition when a species of bacteria was incubated on
five different plates of agar, each containing a disc with a different antibiotic.

Which conclusions can be made about the most and least effective antibiotics on this species of bacteria?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- A

QUESTION 39.

Which blood cell type does not recognise, engulf and digest non-self particles?
(A) macrophages
(B) neutrophils
(C) phagocytes
(D) T-killer cells

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- D

QUESTION 40.

Repeated infections with malaria result in more effective immunity to malaria.
Which type of immunity is responsible for the more effective immunity?
(A) artificial active
(B) artificial passive
(C) natural active
(D) natural passive

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans:- C

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