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Questions 1

Topic – 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

Which species contains the same number of neutrons as \(_6^{14}C\) and the same number of electrons as \(_{11}^{23}Na^+\)?
A \(_9^{17}F\)
B \(_7^{16}N^{3-}\)
C \(_{10}^{20}Ne\)
D \(_8^{16}O^{2-}\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 2

Topic -5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH

Which process has the largest enthalpy change per mole?
A \(Al^{3+} (g) \to Al^{4+}(g) + e^–\)
B \(P^{5+}(g) \to P^{6+}(g) + e^–\)
C\( S^{6+}(g) \to S^{7+}(g) + e^–\)
D \(Si^{4+}(g) \to Si^{5+}(g) + e^–\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 3

Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

Which sodium compound contains 74.2% by mass of sodium?
A sodium carbonate
B sodium chloride
C sodium hydroxide
D sodium oxide

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 4

Topic – 2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

What is the maximum volume of sulfur dioxide gas measured at room conditions produced from burning 100 dm³ of diesel fuel containing 0.8346 g of sulfur?
A 291 cm³

B 312 cm³

C 582 cm³

D 624 cm³

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 5

Topic -3.1 Electronegativity and bonding

Which row shows the correct number of covalent bonds in a molecule of methylpropene?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 6

Topic -4.2 Bonding and structure 

Aluminium chloride exists as Al₂Cl₆ molecules at room temperature. When heated to a high temperature, AlCl₃ molecules are formed. What are the arrangements of the bonding pairs of electrons around the aluminium atom in the two forms of aluminium chloride?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 7

Topic – 3.1 Electronegativity and bonding

The table shows the physical properties of four substances. Which substance has a giant covalent structure?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 8

Topic – 3.4 Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding

At room temperature and pressure, \(H_2O\) is a liquid and \(H_2S\) is a gas. What is the reason for this difference of state?
A O has higher first and second ionisation energies than S.
B The covalent bond between O and H is stronger than the covalent bond between S and H.
C There is significant hydrogen bonding between \(H_2O\) molecules but not between H₂S molecules.
D The instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between \(H_2O\) molecules are stronger than the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between H₂S molecules.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 9

Topic – 5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH

The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated from values of:
● enthalpies of formation, \(\Delta H^0_f\)
● enthalpies of combustion, \(\Delta H^0_c\)
● bond energies, E.
The enthalpy change of the reaction given = \(\Delta H^0_r\).
\(2C_2H_6(g) + 3O_2(g) \to 2CH_4(g) + 2CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(l)\)
Which expression could be used to calculate \(\Delta H^0_r\)?
A\(\Delta H^0_c(C_2H_6(g))\)
B \(2\Delta H^0_c(C_2H_6 (g)) –2\Delta H^0_c (CH_4 (g))\)
C E(C–C) + 2E(C–H) – 4E(C=O) – 4E(H–O)
D \(\Delta H^0_f(CH_4(g)) + \Delta H^0_f(CO_2(g)) + \Delta H^0_f(H_2O(l)) – \Delta H^0_f(C_2H_6(g))\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 10

Topic -23.4 Gibbs free energy change, ΔG

Which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy change of formation of propane?
A \(3C(g) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
B \(3C(g) + 8H(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
C \(3C(s) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
D \(3C(s) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(l)\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 11

Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

One of the reactions in the rechargeable lead /acid battery is shown.
\(Pb(s) + PbO_2(s) + 4H^+(aq) + 2SO_4^{2–}(aq) \to 2PbSO_4(s) + 2H_2O(l)\)
Which statement about this reaction is correct?
A Lead is both oxidised and reduced.
B Lead is neither oxidised nor reduced.
C Lead is oxidised only.
D Lead is reduced only.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 12

Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

KMnO₄ is an oxidising agent. Its reaction with Fe²⁺ is shown in the following ionic equation.
\(…X…MnO_4^–+ ……Fe^{2+} + ……H^+ \to ……Mn^{2+} + …Y…Fe^{3+} + ……H_2O\)
What are X and Y when the equation is balanced?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 13

Topic – 7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

Nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed in a reaction vessel. The reaction reaches equilibrium giving a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia gases.

\(N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons  2NH_3\)
The mixture of gases present at equilibrium at a total pressure of 300 atm is shown.

What is the equilibrium constant, \(K_p\), for the forward reaction?
A 6.65 × 10⁻⁶ atm⁻²
B 7.13 × 10⁻⁵ atm⁻²
C 0.599 atm⁻²
D 1.50 × 10⁵ atm⁻²

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 14

Topic -7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

A mixture of hydrogen gas and iodine gas is placed in a reaction vessel of volume V at temperature T. The reaction \(H_2 + I_2 \rightleftharpoons  2HI\) is allowed to come to equilibrium. All substances remain in the gaseous state. Argon gas is then pumped into the reaction vessel. The temperature in the vessel is maintained at T. How are the rate of the forward reaction and the partial pressure of HI at equilibrium affected?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 15

Topic -9.2 Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3

Two experiments are carried out to study the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.
experiment 1 Small lumps of zinc are added to excess dilute sulfuric acid.
experiment 2 The reaction is carried out at a lower temperature and with one other change.
Both experiments produce the same total volume of gas and are completed in the same time. What is the second change made in experiment 2?
A A catalyst is added.
B A greater mass of zinc is added.
C A greater volume of sulfuric acid is added.
D Larger lumps of zinc are used.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 16

Topic – 27.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

The relative magnitude of the property X of five elements is shown. P, Q, R, S and T are all in Period 3 and have consecutive atomic numbers. The letters are not the actual chemical symbols of the elements.

Which row is correct for property X and element R?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 17

Topic – 9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3

Element X is in Period 3. Element X reacts with oxygen to produce a solid, Y. When solid Y is added to water, a solution with a pH of less than 7 is produced. What is the identity of element X?
A sodium
B silicon
C phosphorus
D sulfur

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 18

Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

This question refers to isolated gaseous species. The species \(F^–\), Ne and \(Na^+\) are isoelectronic. This means they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 19

Topic – 6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

Separate samples of magnesium and calcium are added to an excess of dilute sulfuric acid. The observations are summarised in the table.

Which statement explains the difference in these observations?
A Calcium is a better oxidising agent than magnesium.
B Calcium is a better reducing agent than magnesium.
C Magnesium is a more reactive metal with all dilute acids than calcium.
D Magnesium sulfate is more soluble than calcium sulfate.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 20

Topic -10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

Dolomite is a double carbonate, CaMg(CO₃)₂, and can be used instead of calcium carbonate for treating acidic soils. The three statements all refer to the agricultural use of these carbonates.
1 Dolomite and calcium carbonate are both less soluble than Ca(OH)₂.
2 One mole of dolomite has the same neutralising effect as one mole of calcium carbonate.
3 Dolomite and calcium carbonate both increase the pH of acidic soils.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 2 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2 and 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 21

Topic -12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur

This question is about two salts, NaI and NaCl. The two solid salts are separately added to warm concentrated \(H_2SO_4\) and the results noted. Aqueous solutions of the two salts are separately added to AgNO₃(aq), and then concentrated NH₃(aq) is added and the results noted. Which row is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 22

Topic – 10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds 

The diagram shows the process of adding calcium nitrate and strontium nitrate to separate boiling tubes and heating them. Identical conditions are used.

As the reactions proceed, the water containing universal indicator changes colour. Which row describes the colour change and identifies the nitrate that causes the quickest colour change?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 23

Topic – 11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions

The equations for three reactions involving chlorine or its compounds are listed.
1 \(2KClO_3 \to 2KCl + 3O_2\)
2 \(4KClO_3 \rightarrow 3KClO_4 + KCl\)
3 \(6KOH + 3Cl_2 \to 3H_2O + 5KCl + KClO_3\)
Which statement about these equations is correct?
A Equation 1 describes the formation of a compound used to kill bacteria in drinking water.
B Equation 1 does not represent a redox reaction.
C Equation 2 describes the formation of potassium chlorate(IV).
D Equations 2 and 3 both represent disproportionation reactions.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 24

Topic -12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur 

Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is a primary pollutant produced by petrol engines and is found in their exhaust gases. Which reaction occurs in a catalytic converter and decreases the emission of nitrogen monoxide?
A \(NO(g) + CO(g) \to NO_2(g) + C(s)\)
B \(NO(g) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow NO_2(g) + CO(g)\)
C \(2NO(g) + 2CO(g) \rightarrow N_2(g) + 2CO_2(g)\)
D \(2NO(g) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow 2NO_2(g) + C(s)\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 25

Topic – 13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

The diagram shows the structure of the naturally occurring molecule cholesterol.

Student X stated that the 17 carbon atoms in the 4 rings all lie in the same plane. Student Y stated that this molecule displays cis/trans isomerism at the C=C double bond. Which students are correct?
A both student X and student Y
B neither student X nor student Y
C student X only
D student Y only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 26

Topic – 13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

The drug cortisone has the formula shown.

In addition to those chiral centres marked by an asterisk (*), how many other chiral centres are present in the cortisone molecule?
A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 27

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

But-2-ene reacts with cold dilute acidified KMnO₄ to give product X. But-2-ene reacts with hot concentrated acidified KMnO₄ to give product Y. Which statement about product X and product Y is correct?
A Both product X and product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
B Neither product X nor product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
C Product X will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product Y will not.
D Product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product X will not.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 28

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

A sequence of reactions takes place. The major product is compound Z.

What is compound Z?
A propanone
B propene
C propan-1-ol
D propan-2-ol

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 29

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

Which statement is correct?
A Bromoethane reacts with NaOH(aq) to form ethene as a major product.
B 1-chlorobutane reacts more rapidly than 1-bromobutane with NaOH(aq) at the same temperature.
C Hydrolysis of \((C_2H_5)_3CBr\) occurs mostly by the \(S_N2\) mechanism.
D The CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂⁺ ion is less stable than the (CH₃)₃C⁺ ion.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 30

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

In the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous NaOH, what is the nature of the attacking group and of the leaving group?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 31

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

X is an organic compound containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. The table shows the observations made from three chemical tests carried out on X.

What is a possible structure of X?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 32

Topic – 2.2 The mole and the Avogadro constant

How many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete combustion of 1mol of (CH₃)₃COH?
A 6

B 6.5

C 12

D 13

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 33

Topic -13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

In which pair will each compound give a different visible result with alkaline I₂(aq)?
A CH₃CH₂OH and CH₃CHO
B \(CH_3CHO\) and \(CH_3COCH_3\)
C \(CH_3COOH\) and \(C_2H_5COC_2H_5\)
D \(CH_3CH_2OH\) and \(C_2H_5CHO\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 34

Topic – 7.2 Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

Which reagent gives a positive result with propanone?
A alkaline \(I_2\)(aq)
B aqueous bromine
C Fehling’s reagent
D Tollens’ reagent

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 35

Topic – 18.2 Esters

Esters can be hydrolysed with an aqueous alkali or an aqueous acid to form two products. The table compares the two methods. Which row is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 36

Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

Structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question. How many compounds with molecular formula \(C_5H_{11}Br\) are primary halogenoalkanes?
A 4

B 5

C 7

D 8

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 37

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

Compound Z is formed by the reaction scheme shown.

What is the formula of compound Z?
A CH₃CH₂Cl
B \(CH_3CH_2CN\)
C CH₃COOH
D \(CH_3CH_2COOH\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 38

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

Hydroxyethanal, HOCH₂CHO, is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ until no further oxidation takes place. What is the skeletal formula of the organic product?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 39

Topic – 20.1 Addition polymerisation

The formula shows the repeat unit of an addition polymer.
–CH(CH₃)CH(CH₂CH₃)–
What is the correct name of the monomer from which this polymer is made?
A 1-methyl-2-ethylethene
B 1-ethylprop-1-ene
C pent-2-ene
D pent-1-ene

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 40

Topic -22.1 Infrared spectroscopy

The infrared spectrum of a compound is shown.

Which functional group could the compound contain?
A alcohol
B carboxylic acid
C ester
D nitrile

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

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