Questions 1
Topic – 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
Which species contains the same number of neutrons as \(_6^{14}C\) and the same number of electrons as \(_{11}^{23}Na^+\)?
A \(_9^{17}F\)
B \(_7^{16}N^{3-}\)
C \(_{10}^{20}Ne\)
D \(_8^{16}O^{2-}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 2
Topic -5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH
Which process has the largest enthalpy change per mole?
A \(Al^{3+} (g) \to Al^{4+}(g) + e^–\)
B \(P^{5+}(g) \to P^{6+}(g) + e^–\)
C\( S^{6+}(g) \to S^{7+}(g) + e^–\)
D \(Si^{4+}(g) \to Si^{5+}(g) + e^–\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 3
Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
Which sodium compound contains 74.2% by mass of sodium?
A sodium carbonate
B sodium chloride
C sodium hydroxide
D sodium oxide
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 4
Topic – 2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)
What is the maximum volume of sulfur dioxide gas measured at room conditions produced from burning 100 dm³ of diesel fuel containing 0.8346 g of sulfur?
A 291 cm³
B 312 cm³
C 582 cm³
D 624 cm³
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 5
Topic -3.1 Electronegativity and bonding
Which row shows the correct number of covalent bonds in a molecule of methylpropene?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 6
Topic -4.2 Bonding and structure
Aluminium chloride exists as Al₂Cl₆ molecules at room temperature. When heated to a high temperature, AlCl₃ molecules are formed. What are the arrangements of the bonding pairs of electrons around the aluminium atom in the two forms of aluminium chloride?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 7
Topic – 3.1 Electronegativity and bonding
The table shows the physical properties of four substances. Which substance has a giant covalent structure?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 8
Topic – 3.4 Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding
At room temperature and pressure, \(H_2O\) is a liquid and \(H_2S\) is a gas. What is the reason for this difference of state?
A O has higher first and second ionisation energies than S.
B The covalent bond between O and H is stronger than the covalent bond between S and H.
C There is significant hydrogen bonding between \(H_2O\) molecules but not between H₂S molecules.
D The instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between \(H_2O\) molecules are stronger than the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between H₂S molecules.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 9
Topic – 5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH
The enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated from values of:
● enthalpies of formation, \(\Delta H^0_f\)
● enthalpies of combustion, \(\Delta H^0_c\)
● bond energies, E.
The enthalpy change of the reaction given = \(\Delta H^0_r\).
\(2C_2H_6(g) + 3O_2(g) \to 2CH_4(g) + 2CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(l)\)
Which expression could be used to calculate \(\Delta H^0_r\)?
A\(\Delta H^0_c(C_2H_6(g))\)
B \(2\Delta H^0_c(C_2H_6 (g)) –2\Delta H^0_c (CH_4 (g))\)
C E(C–C) + 2E(C–H) – 4E(C=O) – 4E(H–O)
D \(\Delta H^0_f(CH_4(g)) + \Delta H^0_f(CO_2(g)) + \Delta H^0_f(H_2O(l)) – \Delta H^0_f(C_2H_6(g))\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 10
Topic -23.4 Gibbs free energy change, ΔG
Which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy change of formation of propane?
A \(3C(g) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
B \(3C(g) + 8H(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
C \(3C(s) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(g)\)
D \(3C(s) + 4H_2(g) \to C_3H_8(l)\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 11
Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
One of the reactions in the rechargeable lead /acid battery is shown.
\(Pb(s) + PbO_2(s) + 4H^+(aq) + 2SO_4^{2–}(aq) \to 2PbSO_4(s) + 2H_2O(l)\)
Which statement about this reaction is correct?
A Lead is both oxidised and reduced.
B Lead is neither oxidised nor reduced.
C Lead is oxidised only.
D Lead is reduced only.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 12
Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
KMnO₄ is an oxidising agent. Its reaction with Fe²⁺ is shown in the following ionic equation.
\(…X…MnO_4^–+ ……Fe^{2+} + ……H^+ \to ……Mn^{2+} + …Y…Fe^{3+} + ……H_2O\)
What are X and Y when the equation is balanced?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 13
Topic – 7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
Nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed in a reaction vessel. The reaction reaches equilibrium giving a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia gases.
\(N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3\)
The mixture of gases present at equilibrium at a total pressure of 300 atm is shown.
What is the equilibrium constant, \(K_p\), for the forward reaction?
A 6.65 × 10⁻⁶ atm⁻²
B 7.13 × 10⁻⁵ atm⁻²
C 0.599 atm⁻²
D 1.50 × 10⁵ atm⁻²
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 14
Topic -7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
A mixture of hydrogen gas and iodine gas is placed in a reaction vessel of volume V at temperature T. The reaction \(H_2 + I_2 \rightleftharpoons 2HI\) is allowed to come to equilibrium. All substances remain in the gaseous state. Argon gas is then pumped into the reaction vessel. The temperature in the vessel is maintained at T. How are the rate of the forward reaction and the partial pressure of HI at equilibrium affected?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 15
Topic -9.2 Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3
Two experiments are carried out to study the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.
experiment 1 Small lumps of zinc are added to excess dilute sulfuric acid.
experiment 2 The reaction is carried out at a lower temperature and with one other change.
Both experiments produce the same total volume of gas and are completed in the same time. What is the second change made in experiment 2?
A A catalyst is added.
B A greater mass of zinc is added.
C A greater volume of sulfuric acid is added.
D Larger lumps of zinc are used.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 16
Topic – 27.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
The relative magnitude of the property X of five elements is shown. P, Q, R, S and T are all in Period 3 and have consecutive atomic numbers. The letters are not the actual chemical symbols of the elements.
Which row is correct for property X and element R?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 17
Topic – 9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3
Element X is in Period 3. Element X reacts with oxygen to produce a solid, Y. When solid Y is added to water, a solution with a pH of less than 7 is produced. What is the identity of element X?
A sodium
B silicon
C phosphorus
D sulfur
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 18
Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
This question refers to isolated gaseous species. The species \(F^–\), Ne and \(Na^+\) are isoelectronic. This means they have the same number of electrons. In which order do their radii increase?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 19
Topic – 6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
Separate samples of magnesium and calcium are added to an excess of dilute sulfuric acid. The observations are summarised in the table.
Which statement explains the difference in these observations?
A Calcium is a better oxidising agent than magnesium.
B Calcium is a better reducing agent than magnesium.
C Magnesium is a more reactive metal with all dilute acids than calcium.
D Magnesium sulfate is more soluble than calcium sulfate.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 20
Topic -10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
Dolomite is a double carbonate, CaMg(CO₃)₂, and can be used instead of calcium carbonate for treating acidic soils. The three statements all refer to the agricultural use of these carbonates.
1 Dolomite and calcium carbonate are both less soluble than Ca(OH)₂.
2 One mole of dolomite has the same neutralising effect as one mole of calcium carbonate.
3 Dolomite and calcium carbonate both increase the pH of acidic soils.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 21
Topic -12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
This question is about two salts, NaI and NaCl. The two solid salts are separately added to warm concentrated \(H_2SO_4\) and the results noted. Aqueous solutions of the two salts are separately added to AgNO₃(aq), and then concentrated NH₃(aq) is added and the results noted. Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 22
Topic – 10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
The diagram shows the process of adding calcium nitrate and strontium nitrate to separate boiling tubes and heating them. Identical conditions are used.
As the reactions proceed, the water containing universal indicator changes colour. Which row describes the colour change and identifies the nitrate that causes the quickest colour change?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 23
Topic – 11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions
The equations for three reactions involving chlorine or its compounds are listed.
1 \(2KClO_3 \to 2KCl + 3O_2\)
2 \(4KClO_3 \rightarrow 3KClO_4 + KCl\)
3 \(6KOH + 3Cl_2 \to 3H_2O + 5KCl + KClO_3\)
Which statement about these equations is correct?
A Equation 1 describes the formation of a compound used to kill bacteria in drinking water.
B Equation 1 does not represent a redox reaction.
C Equation 2 describes the formation of potassium chlorate(IV).
D Equations 2 and 3 both represent disproportionation reactions.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 24
Topic -12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is a primary pollutant produced by petrol engines and is found in their exhaust gases. Which reaction occurs in a catalytic converter and decreases the emission of nitrogen monoxide?
A \(NO(g) + CO(g) \to NO_2(g) + C(s)\)
B \(NO(g) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow NO_2(g) + CO(g)\)
C \(2NO(g) + 2CO(g) \rightarrow N_2(g) + 2CO_2(g)\)
D \(2NO(g) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow 2NO_2(g) + C(s)\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 25
Topic – 13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds
The diagram shows the structure of the naturally occurring molecule cholesterol.
Student X stated that the 17 carbon atoms in the 4 rings all lie in the same plane. Student Y stated that this molecule displays cis/trans isomerism at the C=C double bond. Which students are correct?
A both student X and student Y
B neither student X nor student Y
C student X only
D student Y only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 26
Topic – 13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
The drug cortisone has the formula shown.
In addition to those chiral centres marked by an asterisk (*), how many other chiral centres are present in the cortisone molecule?
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 27
Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis
But-2-ene reacts with cold dilute acidified KMnO₄ to give product X. But-2-ene reacts with hot concentrated acidified KMnO₄ to give product Y. Which statement about product X and product Y is correct?
A Both product X and product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
B Neither product X nor product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
C Product X will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product Y will not.
D Product Y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product X will not.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 28
Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis
A sequence of reactions takes place. The major product is compound Z.
What is compound Z?
A propanone
B propene
C propan-1-ol
D propan-2-ol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 29
Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis
Which statement is correct?
A Bromoethane reacts with NaOH(aq) to form ethene as a major product.
B 1-chlorobutane reacts more rapidly than 1-bromobutane with NaOH(aq) at the same temperature.
C Hydrolysis of \((C_2H_5)_3CBr\) occurs mostly by the \(S_N2\) mechanism.
D The CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂⁺ ion is less stable than the (CH₃)₃C⁺ ion.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 30
Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
In the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous NaOH, what is the nature of the attacking group and of the leaving group?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 31
Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
X is an organic compound containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. The table shows the observations made from three chemical tests carried out on X.
What is a possible structure of X?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 32
Topic – 2.2 The mole and the Avogadro constant
How many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete combustion of 1mol of (CH₃)₃COH?
A 6
B 6.5
C 12
D 13
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 33
Topic -13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds
In which pair will each compound give a different visible result with alkaline I₂(aq)?
A CH₃CH₂OH and CH₃CHO
B \(CH_3CHO\) and \(CH_3COCH_3\)
C \(CH_3COOH\) and \(C_2H_5COC_2H_5\)
D \(CH_3CH_2OH\) and \(C_2H_5CHO\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 34
Topic – 7.2 Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases
Which reagent gives a positive result with propanone?
A alkaline \(I_2\)(aq)
B aqueous bromine
C Fehling’s reagent
D Tollens’ reagent
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 35
Topic – 18.2 Esters
Esters can be hydrolysed with an aqueous alkali or an aqueous acid to form two products. The table compares the two methods. Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 36
Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question. How many compounds with molecular formula \(C_5H_{11}Br\) are primary halogenoalkanes?
A 4
B 5
C 7
D 8
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 37
Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis
Compound Z is formed by the reaction scheme shown.
What is the formula of compound Z?
A CH₃CH₂Cl
B \(CH_3CH_2CN\)
C CH₃COOH
D \(CH_3CH_2COOH\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 38
Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis
Hydroxyethanal, HOCH₂CHO, is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ until no further oxidation takes place. What is the skeletal formula of the organic product?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 39
Topic – 20.1 Addition polymerisation
The formula shows the repeat unit of an addition polymer.
–CH(CH₃)CH(CH₂CH₃)–
What is the correct name of the monomer from which this polymer is made?
A 1-methyl-2-ethylethene
B 1-ethylprop-1-ene
C pent-2-ene
D pent-1-ene
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 40
Topic -22.1 Infrared spectroscopy
The infrared spectrum of a compound is shown.
Which functional group could the compound contain?
A alcohol
B carboxylic acid
C ester
D nitrile
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C