Questions 1
Topic – 10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
X is an impure sample of a Group 2 metal carbonate, MCO₃. X contains 57% by mass of MCO₃. The impurities in X do not react with hydrochloric acid. 7.4 g of X is reacted with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid. 0.050 mol of the Group 2 metal chloride is produced. What is the identity of the Group 2 metal?
A Mg
B Ca
C Sr
D Ba
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 2
Topic – 1.2 Isotopes
Which of these samples of gas contains the same number of atoms as 1 g of hydrogen gas?
A 22 g of carbon dioxide (\(M_r: CO_2\), 44)
B 8 g of methane (\(M_r: CH_4\), 16)
C 20 g of neon (\(M_r\): Ne, 20)
D 8 g of ozone (\(M_r\): \(O_3\), 48
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 3
Topic – 2.1 Relative masses of atoms and molecules
What is the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in an ammonium ion with a relative formula mass of 21?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 4
Topic – 1.4 Ionisation energy
This question is about the first ionisation energies of magnesium and neon. Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 5
Topic – 3.5 Shapes of molecules
Arsenic forms a compound with fluorine. In this compound, the arsenic atom has no lone pair of electrons and there are no dative bonds. Selenium also forms a compound with fluorine. In this compound, the selenium atom has no lone pair of electrons and there are no dative bonds. In which compounds are there two different bond angles? (In this question, 180° bond angles should be ignored.)
A both arsenic fluoride and selenium fluoride
B arsenic fluoride only
C selenium fluoride only
D neither arsenic fluoride nor selenium fluoride
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 6
Topic – 3.7 Dot-and-cross diagrams
A structure for borazole, N₃B₃H₆, is shown.
Which shape is borazole and how many π electrons are there in the structure? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 7
Topic – 2.1 Relative masses of atoms and molecules
The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the relative molecular mass of a volatile liquid. When 0.10 g of a volatile liquid is injected into the syringe, all of the volatile liquid evaporates and the volume increases by 85 cm³. The heater maintains a temperature of 400K and the experiment is carried out at a pressure of 101 300Pa.
If the vapour of the volatile liquid behaves as an ideal gas, which expression can be used to calculate the relative molecular mass of the liquid? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 8
Topic – 4.2 Bonding and structure
The table shows physical properties of four substances, W, X, Y and Z.
What are the identities of W, X, Y and Z? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 9
Topic – 5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH
The apparatus used to determine a value for the enthalpy of combustion of butan-1-ol is shown. The mass of 1.00 cm³ of water is 1.00 g.
Which value, to three significant figures, for the enthalpy of combustion of butan-1-ol can be calculated from these data?
A –114 J mol⁻¹
B –17.2 kJ mol⁻¹
C –2600 kJ mol⁻¹
D –4540 kJ mol⁻¹
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 10
Topic – 8.2 Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy
In the high temperatures of car engines, nitrogen reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen monoxide.
This reaction has activation energy \(E_a\). Which reaction pathway diagram correctly represents this reaction? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 11
Topic – 6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
In which reaction does the oxidation number of chlorine change by the largest amount?
A \(2KClO_3 \rightarrow 2KCl + 3O_2\)
B \(2ClO^– \rightarrow Cl^– + ClO_2^–\)
C \(Cl_2 + H_2O\rightarrow HCl + HClO\)
D \(2NaClO_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2NaCl + 2ClO_2\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 12
Topic – 7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
Hydrogen is produced industrially from methane as shown in the equation.
Which conditions give the highest yield of hydrogen at equilibrium? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 13
Topic – 11.4 The reactions of chlorine
W moles of \(HNO_2\) undergoes a disproportionation reaction to produce U moles of HNO₃ and V moles of NO.
● No other nitrogen containing product is produced.
● Nitrogen is the only element oxidised or reduced.
What are the values of W, U and V?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 14
Topic – 7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
Gas X dissociates on heating to set up the following equilibrium.
A quantity of gas X is heated at constant pressure, p, at a certain temperature. The equilibrium partial pressure of gas X is found to be \(\frac{1}{7}p\). What is the equilibrium constant, Kp, at this temperature ?
A\(\frac{6}{7}p\)
B\(\frac{9}{7}p\)
C\(\frac{36}{7}p\)
D 9P
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 15
Topic – 8.2 Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy
In the diagram, X is the Boltzmann distribution for the energies of the particles in a reaction and \(E_{A1}\) is the activation energy for that reaction.
Which statement is correct?
A \(E_{A2}\) is the activation energy at a higher temperature.
B \(E_{A2}\) is the activation energy at a lower temperature.
C Y is the Boltzmann distribution at a lower temperature.
D Z is the Boltzmann distribution at a higher temperature.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 16
Topic – 9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3
Magnesium, aluminium and silicon are elements in the Periodic Table. Each element forms an oxide. Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 17
Topic – 4.2 Bonding and structure
Which statement correctly describes what happens when silicon tetrachloride is added to water?
A The SiCl₄ dissolves to give a neutral solution only.
B The SiCl₄ reacts to give an acidic solution only.
C The SiCl₄ reacts to give a precipitate and an acidic solution.
D The SiCl₄ reacts to give a precipitate and a neutral solution.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 18
Topic – 4.2 Bonding and structure
X and Y are two elements from Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element X has a higher electrical conductivity than element Y. Element Y has a higher melting point than element X. Which formula is a compound formed from element X and element Y?
A MgS
B Mg₂Si
C NaCl
D \(SiCl_4\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 19
Topic – 2.2 The mole and the Avogadro constant
A sample consisting of 1.0 mol of anhydrous calcium nitrate is completely decomposed by strong heating. What is the total amount of gas produced in this reaction?
A 1.0 mol
B 2.0 mol
C 2.5 mol
D 3.0 mol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 20
Topic – 12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
Steam is passed over heated magnesium to give compound J and hydrogen. What is not a property of compound J?
A It has an \(M_r\) of 40.3.
B It is basic.
C It is a white solid.
D It is very soluble in water.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 21
Topic – 14.2 Alkenes (continued)
Which statement is correct?
A Hydrogen bromide reduces concentrated sulfuric acid to form sulfur dioxide gas.
B Hydrogen bromide decomposes at a higher temperature than hydrogen chloride.
C When hydrogen bromide gas is shaken with aqueous silver nitrate a yellow precipitate is formed.
D When hydrogen bromide gas is bubbled through aqueous iodine the solution becomes colourless.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 22
Topic – 2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)
ICl is made when Cl₂ and I₂ react together.
Cl₂ + I₂ → 2ICl
ICl reacts with water.
\(5ICl + 3H_2O → 5HCl + HIO_3 + 2I_2\)
Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 23
Topic – 11.4 The reactions of chlorine
NH₄Cl reacts with NaOH in an aqueous solution. Which statement is correct?
A The reaction gives rise to two different polar product molecules.
B The bond angle in the nitrogen-containing species remains unchanged.
C The ammonium ion acts as a base.
D The oxidation state of nitrogen increases in the reaction.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 24
Topic – 8.3 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts
What is produced when 60 g of nitrogen monoxide reacts with an excess of carbon monoxide in a catalytic converter?
A 12 g of carbon and 92 g of nitrogen dioxide
B 24 g of carbon and 92 g of nitrogen dioxide
C 88 g of carbon dioxide and 28 g of nitrogen
D 88 g of carbon dioxide and 56 g of nitrogen
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 25
Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Which alkene shows geometric isomerism?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 26
Topic – 13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
What is the correct name of the major product of the reaction of HBr with 3-ethylhex-3-ene?
A 3-bromo-3-ethylhexane
B 3-bromo-4-ethylhexane
C 4-bromo-3-ethylhexane
D 4-bromo-4-ethylhexane
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 27
Topic – 13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
The alkane CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ undergoes free radical substitution with chlorine. No C–C bonds are broken in this reaction. How many isomeric products, including positional and optical isomers, of molecular formula \(C_5H_{11}Cl\) can be formed?
A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 28
Topic – 13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
What is involved in the mechanism of the reaction between aqueous NaOH and 1-bromobutane?
A attack by a nucleophile on a carbon atom with a partial positive charge
B heterolytic bond fission and attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation
C homolytic bond fission and attack by an electrophile on a carbanion
D homolytic bond fission and attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 29
Topic – 14.2 Alkenes
But-2-ene reacts with cold dilute, acidified \(KMnO_4\) to give product X. But-2-ene reacts with an excess of hot concentrated, acidified \(KMnO_4\) to give product Y. Which statement about X and Y is correct?
A Only one of X and Y reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
B X and Y both react with sodium hydroxide.
C X and Y both react with sodium metal.
D Y reacts with LiAlH₄ to give X
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 30
Topic – 14.2 Alkenes
When heated with KOH dissolved in ethanol, halogenoalkanes can undergo an elimination reaction to form alkenes. What are the possible elimination products when 2-bromobutane is heated with KOH dissolved in ethanol?
A CH₃CH=CHCH₃ only
B CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ only
C CH₃CH=CHCH₃ and CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂
D CH₃CH=CHCH₃ and CH₂=CHCH=CH₂
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 31
Topic – 14.2 Alkenes
Chloroethane can be used to make sodium propanoate.
chloroethane → intermediate Q → sodium propanoate
Intermediate Q is hydrolysed with boiling aqueous NaOH to give sodium propanoate. Which reagent would produce intermediate Q from chloroethane?
A concentrated ammonia solution
B dilute sulfuric acid
C hydrogen cyanide in water
D potassium cyanide in ethanol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 32
Topic – 16.1 Alcohols
Four different alcohols are treated with alkaline \(I_2(aq)\). Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 33
Topic – 16.1 Alcohols
The \(M_r\) of compound X is 88. Compound X is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to produce compound Y. Compound Y reacts with compound X under suitable conditions to produce compound Z. The \(M_r\) of compound Z is 172. What is compound X?
A CH₃CH₂CHOHCH₂CH₃
B(CH₃)₂COHCH₂CH₃
C(CH₃)₂CHCHOHCH₃
D (CH₃)₃CCH₂OH
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D
Questions 34
Topic – 33.1 Carboxylic acids
Butanedione, CH₃COCOCH₃, is a yellow liquid. How does butanedione react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent and Fehling’s reagent?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 35
Topic – 33.1 Carboxylic acids
Which substance reacts with ethanoic acid to give the organic product with the highest \(M_r\)?
A lithium aluminium hydride
B magnesium
C potassium carbonate
D propan-2-ol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 36
Topic – 13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
A sample of propyl ethanoate is hydrolysed by heating under reflux with aqueous NaOH. The two organic products of the hydrolysis are separated, purified and weighed. Out of the total mass of products obtained, what is the percentage by mass of each product?
A 32.4% and 67.6%
B 38.3% and 61.7%
C 42.3% and 57.7%
D 50.0% and 50.0%
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: C
Questions 37
Topic – 20.1 Addition polymerisation
Which statement about PVC is correct?
A Combustion products of PVC are very alkaline and harmful to breathe in.
B The empirical formula of PVC is the same as the empirical formula of the monomer.
C Molecules of PVC are unsaturated.
D The repeat unit of PVC is (CH₂CCl₂).
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 38
Topic – 13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds
Compound Q reacts separately with HCN and \(NaBH_4\) under suitable conditions. Both reactions produce an organic product with a chiral centre. What is compound Q?
A butanone
B ethanal
C propanal
D propanone
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: A
Questions 39
Topic – 4.2 Bonding and structure
Compound X has the following properties.
● When 0.20 mol of X undergoes complete combustion, 14.4 dm³ of carbon dioxide is produced, measured under room conditions.
● X reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent to give an orange crystalline product.
● X does not give a yellow precipitate with alkaline \(I_2\)(aq).
What could be X?
A hexan-3-one
B propanal
C propan-1-ol
D propanone
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: B
Questions 40
Topic – 22.1 Infrared spectroscopy
A sample of but-2-enoic acid, CH₃CH=CHCOOH, is analysed using infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectrum shows a broad peak in the range 2500–3000 cm⁻¹.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans: D