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Questions 1

Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius

Which particle contains 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 10 electrons?

A\(_8^{16}O^-\)

B\(_8^{16}O^{2-}\)

C\(_8^{17}O^-\)

D\(_8^{17}O^{2-}\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 2

Topic -1.4 Ionisation energy

The second ionisation energy of oxygen is greater than the second ionisation energy of fluorine. Which factor explains this difference?
A The atomic radius of an oxygen atom is smaller than that of fluorine.
B The covalent bond in a fluorine molecule is weaker than the bond in an oxygen molecule.
C A spin-paired electron is removed from fluorine but not from oxygen.
D Fluorine has more electrons in total than oxygen. This causes a greater shielding of the nuclear attraction in fluorine.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 3

Topic -12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur

Zinc reacts with concentrated nitric acid giving three products only: zinc nitrate, an oxide of nitrogen and water. 3.0 moles of zinc react with 8.0 moles of nitric acid. Zinc nitrate contains Zn²⁺ ions. What could be the formula of the oxide of nitrogen?
A \(N_2O\)

B NO

C \(N_2O_3\)

D \(NO_2\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 4

Topic – 2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

A 3.7 g sample of copper(II) carbonate is added to 25 cm³ of 2.0 mol dm⁻³ hydrochloric acid. Which volume of gas is produced at room conditions?

A \(0.60 dm^3\)

B\(0.72 dm^3\)

C\(1.20 dm^3\)

D\(2.40 dm^3\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 5

Topic -13.3 Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

Ammonium ions, NH₄⁺, are formed when ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas. Which statement about the changes that occur in this reaction is correct?
A The dipole moment of an ammonium ion is greater than the dipole moment of an ammonia molecule.
B The H−N−H bond angle decreases when an ammonium ion is formed.
C The hybridisation of nitrogen does not change.
D There is electron transfer from nitrogen to chlorine

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 6

Topic -13.3 Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

Which feature is present in both ethene and poly(ethene)?
A bond angles of 109.5°
B π covalent bonds
C σ covalent bonds
D sp3  orbitals

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 7

Topic -13.3 Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

Two compounds of boron are sodium borohydride, NaBH₄, and boron trifluoride, BF₃. What are the shapes of the borohydride ion and the boron trifluoride molecule?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 8

Topic -2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

In an experiment, 0.100 mol of propan-1-ol is burnt completely in 12.0 dm³ of oxygen, measured at room conditions. What is the final volume of gas, measured at room conditions?

A \(7.20 dm^3\)

B \(8.40 dm^3\)

C\(16.80 dm^3\)

D\(18.00 dm^3\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 9

Topic -2.3 Formulas

At a temperature of 2500 K and a pressure of \(1.00 × 10^{–4} Pa\), a sample of 0.321 g of sulfur vapour has a volume of \(2.08 × 10^6 m^3\). What is the molecular formula of sulfur under these conditions?
A S

B \(S_2\)

C \(S_4\)

D \(S_8\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 10

Topic -4.2 Bonding and structure

In the structure of solid SiO₂
each silicon atom is bonded to x oxygen atoms
each oxygen atom is bonded to y silicon atoms
each bond is a z type bond.
What is the correct combination of x, y and z in these statements?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 11

Topic -5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH

Nitric acid is made industrially by the oxidation of ammonia. The overall equation for the process is shown.
equation 1 \(NH_3 + 2O_2 → HNO_3 + H_2O\)
The process happens in three stages. The equations and enthalpy changes for these stages are given.

 

What is the enthalpy change of the process shown in equation 1?
A−1480 kJ mol⁻¹
B −370 kJ mol⁻¹
C −341.5 kJ mol⁻¹
D +82 kJ mol⁻¹

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 12

Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide.
Cl₂ + NaBr → NaCl + Br₂
Which words correctly describe this reaction?
1 redox
2 displacement
3 disproportionation
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 only
D 2 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 13

Topic -6.1 Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

The equation for the reaction between aqueous copper ions and aqueous iodide ions is as follows.
\(2Cu^{2+}(aq) + 4I^–(aq) → 2CuI(s) + I_2(aq)\)
What is the change in oxidation state of copper?
A +2 to –1

B +2 to 0

C +2 to +1

D +4 to +2

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 14

Topic -4.1 The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT

A mixture of the three gases, oxygen, nitrogen and argon, is at a total pressure of 500 kPa. There is a total of 1.2 moles of gas in the mixture. If the oxygen gas alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture, it would exert a pressure of 150 kPa. At room conditions the amount of nitrogen gas in the mixture would occupy a volume of 5.76 dm³. What is the partial pressure of the argon gas in the mixture?
A 150 kPa
B 200 kPa
C 250 kPa
D 300 kPa

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 15

Topic -7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

0.200 mol of sulfur dioxide and 0.200 mol of oxygen are placed in a 1.00 dm³ sealed container. The gases are allowed to react until equilibrium is reached.
\(2SO_2 + O_2 \rightleftharpoons 2SO_3\)
At equilibrium there is 0.100 mol of SO₃ in the container. What is the value of \(K_c\)?
A 0.150 mol dm⁻³ 
B 0.800 mol dm⁻³  
C \(1.25 mol^{–1} dm^3\) 
D \(6.67 mol^{–1} dm^3\)

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 16

Topic -10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of MnO₂ produces water and oxygen gas.
\(2H_2O_2(aq) → 2H_2O(l) + O_2(g)\)
The volume of gas collected when 0.2 g of MnO₂ is added to two different hydrogen peroxide solutions at 20°C is shown on the graph as curves X and Y.

Which row shows the conditions that will result in curves X and Y?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 17

Topic -7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

The diagram shows a gas syringe with a free-moving piston. The syringe contains gaseous hydrogen, gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide at equilibrium.

Three changes are listed.
1 increasing the total pressure by adding an inert gas and keeping the volume constant
2 increasing the pressure by adding more gaseous hydrogen iodide and keeping the volume constant
3 decreasing the volume by pushing the piston to the left
Which changes will result in an equilibrium position at which the rate of the forward reaction has increased?
A 2 only

B 1 and 2

C 1 and 3

D 2 and 3

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 18

Topic -1.4 Ionisation energy

Which row gives the best description of the variations in the melting points and the first ionisation energies of the elements in Period 3 from sodium to argon?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 19

Topic -1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius 

X and Y are atoms of different elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Neither X nor Y is argon. X is a non-metal. X has a greater atomic radius than Y. Which statement is correct?
A X has more occupied electron shells than Y.
B X has more protons in each atom than Y.
C X has the same number of outer electrons in each atom as Y.
D Y is a non-metal.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 20

Topic -15.1 Halogenoalkanes

Four mixtures are added to four separate 50 cm³ samples of water and stirred. Which mixture results in a solution with the highest pH?
A 1.0 g of aluminium oxide and 1.0 g of aluminium chloride
B 1.0 g of magnesium oxide and 1.0 g of magnesium chloride
C 1.0 g of phosphorus oxide and 1.0 g of phosphorus chloride
D 1.0 g of silicon dioxide and 1.0 g of silicon chloride

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 21

Topic -2.4 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

What happens when a piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in cold water?
A A vigorous effervescence occurs.
B Bubbles of gas form slowly on the magnesium.
C The magnesium floats on the surface of the water and reacts quickly.
D The magnesium glows and a white solid is produced.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 22

Topic -27.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

The table gives some data for compounds of two elements from Group 2 of the Periodic Table.

What is the missing data for element Z?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 23

Topic -27.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

Q is a mixture of two compounds of Group 2 elements. Q undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. One of the gaseous products relights a glowing splint. What could be the components of mixture Q?
A MgCl₂ and CaCO₃
B MgCO₃ and Ca(NO₃)₂
C Mg(NO₃)₂ and Ca(NO₃)₂
D MgO and CaO

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 24

Topic -11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

Iodine has a higher melting point than chlorine. What is the reason for this?
A Iodine has stronger covalent bonds than chlorine.
B Iodine molecules have stronger permanent dipoles than chlorine molecules.
C Iodine is more volatile than chlorine.
D Iodine has stronger instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces than chlorine.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 25

Topic -11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, HCl is formed but not \(Cl_2\). When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium iodide, \(I_2\) is formed. Which statement explains these observations?
A Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and chloride ions are more easily oxidised than iodide ions.
B Sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and iodide ions are more easily oxidised than chloride ions.
C Sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and chloride ions are more easily reduced than iodide ions.
D Sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and iodide ions are more easily reduced than chloride ions

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 26

Topic -7.2 Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

NaOH(aq) is added to \(NH_4Cl(aq)\). The mixture is warmed. The gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. Which row is correct?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 27

Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

Artemisinin is a powerful anti-malarial drug.

How many chiral centres are there in each molecule of artemisinin?
A 4

B 6

C 7

D 8

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 28

Topic -15.1 Halogenoalkanes

Which row shows the correct name and classification of the halogenoalkane shown?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Questions 29

Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

How many geometrical (cis/trans) isomers are there of hex-2,4-diene, CH₃CH=CHCH=CHCH₃?
A none; hex-2,4-diene does not show geometric isomerism
B 2
C 3
D 4

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 30

Topic -13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism 

The structure of compound X is shown.

One mole of compound X reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide. What is the structure of the major product of this reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 31

Topic -13.1 Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds 

The formulae of three compounds are shown.
\(C_3H_7CHO\)     \(C_2H_5COCH_3\)  \(CH_2CHCH_2CH_2OH\)
Only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. Only one of these compounds will produce a silver mirror with Tollens’ reagent. Which row shows the correct results?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 32

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

Which list contains a compound that is not made during the free radical substitution of methane with chlorine?
A CH₃Cl , CCl₄ , C₂H₆
B Cl₂, CH₂Cl₂, CCl₄
C CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃
D CH₃Cl, CHCl₃, C₂H₂Cl₂

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: D

Questions 33

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

Propanoic acid can be used to make propene by a two-stage synthesis. Which row shows suitable reagents for this synthesis?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 34

Topic -16.1 Alcohols

Which alcohol reacts with alkaline I₂ (aq) to produce ethanoate ions?
A ethanol
B methylpropan-2-ol
C propan-2-ol
D butan-2-ol

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 35

Topic -21.1 Organic synthesis

Heating compound X, \(C_7H_{14}O_2\), under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) produces compound Y. Compound Y produces hydrogen gas with sodium metal and forms orange crystals with 2,4-DNPH reagent. What could X be?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: A

Questions 36

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

Which reaction takes place by a nucleophilic addition mechanism?
A propene reacting with hydrogen bromide
B 2-bromopropane reacting with sodium hydroxide in ethanol
C propanone reacting with hydrogen cyanide
D methane reacting with chlorine

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 37

Topic -13.2 Characteristic organic reactions

Three equations are shown.

Which of the equations are correct?
A 1, 2 and 3

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 only

D 3 only

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 38

Topic -18.1 Carboxylic acids

How many esters with the molecular formula \(C_5H_{10}O_2\) can be made by reacting a primary alcohol with a carboxylic acid?
A 4

B 5

C 6

D 8

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 39

Topic -18.2 Esters

The diagram shows an ester. It is heated under reflux with an excess of NaOH(aq).

Which row shows the 2 products of the reaction?

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C

Questions 40

Topic -1.2 Isotopes

Oxygen has three stable isotopes, \(^{16}O\), \(^{17}O\) and \(^{18}O\). All three isotopes are present in a sample of oxygen gas, O₂, which was analysed using a mass spectrometer. How many peaks associated with the \(O_2^+\) ion would be expected?
A 3

B 5

C 6

D 9

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

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