Questions 1
Topic-11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides
In this question Q is used to represent a halogen atom. Magnesium and calcium each form a compound with chlorine and a compound with bromine. One of these compounds contains:
● the element in Group 2 with the higher first ionisation energy and
● the element in Group 17 with the higher Q–Q bond energy.
What is the formula of this compound?
A \(MgCl_2\)
B \(MgBr_2\)
C \(CaCl_2\)
D \(CaBr_2\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 2
Topic-9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3
Compound X contains two elements, Y and Z. Element Y is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table. In one atom of element Y, the p sub-shell has all three orbitals occupied; only one of these three orbitals is fully occupied. Element Z is in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. In one atom of element Z, the p sub-shell has only two orbitals occupied. What is the formula of compound X?
A CCl₄
B SiCl₄
C SiO₂
D \(SO_2\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 3
Topic-2.3 Formulas
Glauber’s salt consists of crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄•xH₂O, which can be used for the manufacture of detergents. When a sample of Glauber’s salt was heated, 1.91 g of water was removed leaving 1.51 g of anhydrous Na₂SO₄. What is the value of x in Na₂SO₄•xH₂O?
A 1
B 8.85
C 10
D 11.25
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 4
Topic-9.2 Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3
What contains the greatest number of the named particles?
A 6.0 dm³ of argon atoms at room conditions
B 6.0 g of carbon dioxide molecules
C 6.0 g of magnesium atoms
D 6.0 g of water molecules
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 5
Topic-28.2 General characteristic chemical properties of the first set of transition elements, titanium to copper
Phosphorus forms a compound with hydrogen called phosphine, PH₃. This compound can react with a hydrogen ion, H+. Which type of interaction occurs between PH₃ and H⁺?
A dative covalent bond
B dipole–dipole forces
C hydrogen bond
D ionic bond
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 6
Topic-3.1 Electronegativity and bonding
The graphs show trends in four physical properties of elements in Period 3, excluding argon. Which graph has electronegativity on the y-axis?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 7
Topic-3.4 Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding
The element tin exists in two forms, grey tin and white tin. Some properties of grey tin and white tin are shown.
Which structural change might take place when grey tin changes to white tin?
A giant covalent to giant ionic
B giant covalent to giant metallic
C giant ionic to giant covalent
D giant ionic to giant metallic
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 8
Topic-4.2 Bonding and structure
Which solid has a simple molecular lattice?
A calcium fluoride
B nickel
C silicon(IV) oxide
D sulfur
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 9
Topic-23.4 Gibbs free energy change, ΔG
The standard enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is –394 kJ mol⁻¹.
The standard enthalpy change of combustion of hydrogen is –286 kJ mol⁻¹.
The standard enthalpy change of formation of butane is –129 kJ mol⁻¹.
What is the standard enthalpy change of combustion of butane?
A –551 kJ mol⁻¹
B –2877 kJ mol⁻¹
C –3135 kJ mol⁻¹
D –4307 kJ mol⁻¹
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 10
Topic-5.1 Enthalpy change, ΔH
Three processes are described.
1 H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)
2 CH₄(g) + 2 O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)
3 NH₃(g) → NH₃(l)
Which statement is correct?
A None of the processes have a positive enthalpy change.
B Only process 1 has a positive enthalpy change.
C Only process 2 has a positive enthalpy change.
D Only process 3 has a positive enthalpy change
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 11
Topic-11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions
In alkaline solution, MnO₄⁻ ions oxidise SO₃²⁻ ions to SO₄²⁻ ions. The MnO₄⁻ ions are reduced to MnO₂. What is the ratio of the two ions in the balanced chemical equation for this reaction?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 12
Topic-7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
Lithium reacts with nitrogen at room temperature to form solid Li₃N. Three vessels of equal volume are connected by taps 1 and 2 as shown.
At the start, taps 1 and 2 are closed, the left-hand vessel is evacuated, the middle vessel has the indicated reaction at equilibrium and the right-hand vessel contains lithium only. Which action would allow the equilibrium mixture to contain the most ammonia?
A Keep both taps 1 and 2 closed.
B Open both taps 1 and 2.
C Open tap 1 only.
D Open tap 2 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 13
Topic-7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
When 0.20 mol of hydrogen gas and 0.15 mol of iodine gas are heated at 723K until equilibrium is established, the equilibrium mixture contains 0.26 mol of hydrogen iodide. The equation for the reaction is as follows.
\(H_2(g) + I_2(g) \to 2HI(g)\)
What is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant \(K_c\)?
A.\(\frac{2 \times 0.26}{0.20 \times 0.15 }\)
B. \(\frac{(2 \times 0.26)^2} {0.20 \times 0.15 }\)
C.\(\frac{( 0.26)^2}{0.07 \times 0.02 }\)
D.\(\frac{( 0.26)^2} {0.13 \times 0.13 }\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 14
Topic-7.1 Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
In acidic conditions, iodine reacts with propanone in a substitution reaction.
CH₃COCH₃(aq) + I₂(aq) → CH₃COCH₂I(aq) + HI(aq)
The kinetics of the reaction are investigated using a colorimeter. As the I₂ reacts, the yellow/ brown colour of the I₂(aq) fades to colourless, changing the absorbance of the solution. Known concentrations of I₂(aq) are used to prepare a calibration curve graph and the absorbance is then measured as the reaction proceeds.
What is the rate of reaction at 20 s?
A \(5 \times 10^{-6} moldm^{–3} s^{–1}\)
B \(1 \times 10^{–5} moldm^{–3} s^{–1}\)
C \(5 \times 10^{–3} moldm^{–3} s^{–1}\)
D \(1 \times 10^{–2} moldm^{–3} s^{–1}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 15
Topic-8.2 Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy The diagram shows a Boltzmann distribution curve. The axes are not labelled.
Points X and Y are points on the vertical axis. What is represented by both points X and Y? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 16
Topic-12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
What are the acid–base nature and structure of SO₂?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 17
Topic-12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
Elements X and Y are in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element X is either phosphorus or sulfur. Element Y is either sodium or magnesium. Element X forms an oxide that reacts with water to give a solution containing the aqueous anion \(XO_4^{2–}\). One mole of element Y reacts with one mole of chlorine molecules. At the end of the reaction, all of the element Y and all of the chlorine molecules have been used up. What are elements X and Y?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 18
Topic-9.1 Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3
Q is a semi-conductor. The chloride of Q reacts with water to form white fumes and an acidic solution. Which Period 3 element is Q?
A magnesium
B aluminium
C silicon
D phosphorus
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 19
Topic-10 Group 2
V and W are two compounds. Each one contains a different Group 2 element. A sample of each solid is added to water, shaken, and the pH of the resulting solution is measured.
Which row could identify V and W? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 20
Topic-10.1 Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
Compound L decomposes on heating. One of the products is gas M. M reacts with unburned hydrocarbons to form peroxyacetyl nitrate, PAN. What could be the formula of L?
A CaNO₃
B Ca(NO₃)₂
C MgCO₃
D Mg(CO₃)₂
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 21
Topic-11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions
In reaction 1, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium chloride and the fumes produced are bubbled into aqueous potassium iodide solution. In reaction 2, potassium chloride is dissolved in aqueous ammonia and this is then added to aqueous silver nitrate. What are the observations for reactions 1 and 2?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 22
Topic-11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides
The table refers to the hydrogen halides. Which row is correct?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 23
Topic-8.3 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts
7.5 g of nitrogen monoxide reacts with 7.0 g of carbon monoxide on the surface of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car. What is the total volume of the product gases measured at room conditions?
A 3.0 dm³
B 6.0 dm³
C 9.0 dm³
D 12.0 dm³
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 24
Topic-3.5 Shapes of molecules
Three statements about ammonia molecules and ammonium ions are given.
1 In aqueous solution, ammonia molecules form coordinate bonds with hydroxide ions.
2 Ammonium ions are Brønsted–Lowry acids.
3 The H–N–H bond angle is larger in the ammonium ion than in the ammonia molecule.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 25
Topic-14.2 Alkenes (continued)
Ethene reacts with steam in the presence of sulfuric acid.
\(C_2H_4 + H_2O \to CH_3CH_2OH\)
Which type of reaction is this?
A acid–base
B addition
C hydrolysis
D substitution
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 26
Topic-13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Compound Z has the molecular formula \(C_4H_8O_2\). Compound Z reacts with propan-1-ol in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄. The diagram shows the skeletal formulae of three compounds, S, T and U.
What are the possible skeletal formulae of the products of the reaction between compound Z and propan-1-ol?
A S and T
B U only
C S and U
D T only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 27
Topic- 13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Geraniol and nerol are isomers of each other
Which type of isomerism is shown here?
A chain
B geometrical (cis /trans)
C optical
D positional
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 28
Topic-13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Which compound has the greatest number of stereoisomers?
A 2-methylhex-2-ene
B 3-methylhex-2-ene
C 4-methylhex-2-ene
D 5-methylhex-2-ene
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 29
Topic-14.2 Alkenes (continued)
Vitamin A contains retinol.
Under appropriate conditions, acidified KMnO₄ (aq) can be used to break C=C bonds. After these bonds have been broken, further oxidation of the fragments may occur. Under which conditions is the acidified KMnO₄ (aq) used and what do the final oxidation products include? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 30
Topic-Skeletal formulas
The structure of limonene is shown.
What are the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced when a sample of limonene is completely combusted in oxygen?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 31
Topic-16.1 Alcohols
The reaction of chlorine with methane is carried out in the presence of light. What is the function of the light?
A to break the C–H bonds in methane
B to break the chlorine molecules into atoms
C to break the chlorine molecules into ions
D to heat the mixture
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 32
Topic-16.1 Alcohols
When X is added to NaOH(aq) and heated under reflux, pentan-2-ol is made. Which organic product is made when X is heated with a solution of KCN dissolved in ethanol?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 33
Topic-13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
1-chlorobutane and 1-iodobutane both react with aqueous sodium hydroxide by a nucleophilic substitution mechanism. Which reaction has the greatest rate under the same conditions and which mechanism is followed by this reaction?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 34
Topic-13.2 Characteristic organic reactions
Compound Y reacts with alkaline \(I_2(aq)\). When the products of this reaction are acidified, a dicarboxylic acid is produced. The formula of the dicarboxylic acid is HOOC–R–COOH where R consists of one or more \(CH_2\) groups. Which compound is Y?
A pentan-1,4-diol
B pentan-1,5-diol
C pentan-2,3-diol
D pentan-2,4-diol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 35
Topic-16.1 Alcohols
Which alcohol gives only one possible oxidation product when warmed with dilute acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
A butan-1-ol
B butan-2-ol
C 2-methylpropan-1-ol
D 2-methylpropan-2-ol
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 36
Topic-13.4 Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Which compound, on reaction with hydrogen cyanide, produces a compound with a chiral centre?
A \(CH_3CHO\)
B CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃
C CH₃CO₂CH₃
D HCHO
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 37
Topic- 17.1 Aldehydes and ketones
The diagram shows three reactions of ethanal. In each case, an excess of ethanal is used.
Observations are made after each of the three reactions. What are the colours of solution 1 and solids 2 and 3?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 38
Topic- 16.1 Alcohols
(CH₃)₃CCN reacts to form alcohol Y via the reaction sequence shown.
Which row names the molecule X and the class of alcohol Y? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 39
Topic- 20.1 Addition polymerisation
The diagram shows a section of an addition polymer. The polymer is made using two different monomers.
What are the names of the two monomers needed to make this polymer?
A 1,2-dichloropropene and 2-chlorobut-2-ene
B 2,3-dichlorobut-2-ene and chloropropene
C 1,2-dichloropropene and chloroethene
D chloropropene and 2-chlorobut-2-ene
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 40
Topic- 22.2 Mass spectrometry
The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of chlorine. Peaks V, W, X, Y and Z are labelled.
Which statements about this spectrum are correct?
1 The relative atomic mass of chlorine can be calculated from the abundances and m/ e values of 2 of the 5 peaks.
2 37.0 g of the species responsible for peak Z contains \(3.011 \times 10^{23}\) molecules.
3 The relative molecular mass of chlorine can be calculated from the abundances and m/ e values of peaks X, Y and Z.
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A