Questions 1
Topic – 5.1 Energy conservation
Which estimate is reasonable?
A \(1 \times 10^{–3} kg\) for the mass of a grain of sand
B \(1 \times 10^{–2} m^3\) for the volume of a tennis ball
C \(1 \times 10^0 J\) for the work done lifting an apple from waist height to head height
D \(1 \times 10^4W\) for the power of a light bulb in a house
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 2
Topic -1.2 SI units
What is the symbol for the SI base unit of temperature?
A C
B K
C \(\ ^{0}c\)
D \(\ ^{0}k\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 3
Topic -1.3 Errors and uncertainties
Which statement about systematic errors is not correct?
A A systematic error can be caused by using an incorrectly calibrated instrument.
B One particular type of systematic error can affect all the measurements by the same amount.
C The effect of a systematic error can be reduced by repeating and averaging the measurements.
D Zero error is a type of systematic error.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 4
Topic -2.1 Equations of motion
An object is moving with an initial velocity of \(4.0 m s^{–1}\) to the right. The velocity of the object changes so that its final velocity is \(3.0 m s^{–1}\) downwards, as shown.
Which arrow represents the change in velocity of the object? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 5
Topic -2.1 Equations of motion
A car travels anticlockwise along a horizontal circular road of radius 12 m, as shown. The car takes a time of 4.0 s to move from position P to position Q.
What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car for the journey from P to Q?
A 4.2 \(m s^{–1}\)
B 4.7 \(m s^{–1}\)
C 6.0 \(m s^{–1}\)
D 14 \(m s^{–1}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 6
Topic -24.1 Production and use of ultrasound
The water surface in a deep well is 78.0 m below the top of the well. A person at the top of the well drops a heavy stone down the well. Air resistance is negligible. The speed of sound in the air is \(330 m s^{–1}\). What is the time interval between the person dropping the stone and hearing it hitting the water?
A 3.75 s
B 3.99 s
C 4.19 s
D 4.22 s
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 7
Topic – 3.1 Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion
Which statement is not a requirement of a pair of forces that obey Newton’s third law of motion?
A The forces act in opposite directions.
B The forces act on different objects.
C The forces act on objects in contact.
D The forces are of equal magnitude.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 8
Topic -3.2 Non-uniform motion
A child of mass 20 kg stands on the rough surface of a sledge of mass 40 kg. The sledge can slide on a horizontal frictionless surface. One end of a rope is attached to the sledge. The rope passes around a fixed frictionless pole, and the other end of the rope is held by the child, as shown.
The rope is horizontal. The child pulls on the rope with a horizontal force of 12 N. This causes the child and the sledge to move with equal acceleration towards the pole. What is the frictional force between the child and the sledge?
A 4.0 N
B 6.0 N
C 8.0 N
D 12 N
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 9
Topic -2.1 Equations of motion
A stone S and a foam rubber ball R are identical spheres of equal volume. They are released from rest at time t = 0 and fall vertically through the air. Both reach terminal velocity. Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the stone and of the rubber ball?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 10
Topic – 2.1 Equations of motion
Two balls X and Y are moving towards each other with speeds of 5 \(m s^{–1}\) and 15 \(m s^{–1}\) respectively.
They make a perfectly elastic head-on collision and ball Y moves to the right with a speed of 7 \(m s^{–1}\). What is the speed and direction of ball X after the collision?
A 3 \(m s^{–1}\) to the left
B 13 \(m s^{–1}\) to the left
C 3 \(m s^{–1}\) to the right
D 13 \(m s^{–1}\) to the right
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 11
Topic -3.2 Non-uniform motion
Two forces form a couple. Which statement describes the two forces?
A They are in the same direction.
B They are perpendicular to each other.
C They have the same magnitude.
D They pass through the same point.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 12
Topic -4 Forces, density and pressure
A uniform rod is attached by a hinge at one end to a wall. The other end of the rod is supported by a wire so that the rod is horizontal and in equilibrium.
Which arrow shows the direction of the force on the rod from the hinge? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 13
Topic -6.1 Stress and strain
A diving board of length 5.0 m is hinged at one end and supported 2.0 m from this end by a spring of spring constant \(10 kN m^{–1}\). A child of mass 40 kg stands at the far end of the board.
What is the extra compression of the spring caused by the child standing on the end of the board?
A 1.0 cm
B 1.6 cm
C 9.8 cm
D 16 cm
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 14
Topic -4.3 Density and pressure
A granite rock at the surface of the Earth has density \(\rho\). The rock is transported to the surface of another planet. The acceleration of free fall on the surface of the other planet is twice that on the surface of the Earth. What is the density of the rock on the other planet?
A 0.5\(\rho\)
B \(\rho\)
C 2\(\rho\)
D 4\(\rho\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 15
Topic – 4.3 Density and pressure
A closed U-shaped tube contains a stationary liquid of density \(\rho\). One side of the tube contains a gas at pressure \(p_1\) and the other side contains a gas at pressure \(p_2\), as shown.
The acceleration of free fall is g. Which equation is correct?
A \(p_1\) = \(\rho\)gy
B \(p_2\) = \(\rho\)g(x – z)
C \(p_1 – p_2\) = \(\rho\)g(y – z)
D \(p_1 + p_2\) = \(\rho\)gx
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 16
Topic -5.1 Energy conservation
Which product of two quantities is equal to power?
A force \(\times\) distance
B force \(\times\) velocity
C work done \(\times\) time
D work done \(\times\) velocity
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 17
Topic -5.1 Energy conservation
Researchers have developed a new type of filament lamp with an efficiency of 40%. Old-type filament lamps have an efficiency of 5.0%. The two types of lamp produce the same useful output power. What is the ratio \(\frac {input power to new type of lamp} {input power to old type of lamp}\)?
A 0.13
B 0.63
C 1.6
D 8.0
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 18
Topic -3.3 Linear momentum and its conservation
A student attempts to derive the formula for kinetic energy \(E_K\). She begins by considering an object of mass m which is initially at rest. A constant force F applied to the object causes it to accelerate to final velocity v in displacement s. The kinetic energy gained by the object is equal to the work done on the object by the force F. Which equation would the student not need in order to derive the formula for \(E_K\)?
A F = ma
B W = Fs
C E =\(\frac{1}{2}\) Fs
D \(v^2=u^2+2as\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 19
Topic -6.1 Stress and strain
A metal wire obeys Hooke’s law and has a Young modulus of \(2.0 \times 10^{11}Pa\). The wire has an original length of 1.6 m and a diameter of \(0.48 \times 10^{–3} m\). What is the spring constant of the wire?
A \(7.2 \times 10^3Nm^{–1}\)
B \(2.3 \times 10^4Nm^{–1}\)
C \(2.9 \times 10^4Nm^{–1}\)
D \(9.0 \times 10^4Nm^{–1}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 20
Topic -3.3 Linear momentum and its conservation
A wire is being stretched by a tensile force. Which statement about the elastic limit must be correct?
A The deformation is plastic after the elastic limit has been reached.
B The deformation is plastic until the elastic limit is reached.
C The extension is proportional to the tensile force after the elastic limit has been reached.
D The extension is proportional to the tensile force until the elastic limit is reached.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 21
Topic – 7.1 Progressive waves
Which statement is correct for all types of progressive wave?
A The distance from a peak to the next trough is equal to a wavelength.
B They can be demonstrated in ripple tanks.
C They consist of vibrating atoms.
D They transfer energy from one position to another.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 22
Topic -7.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves
A transverse water wave is moving along the surface of some water. This causes a ball to move vertically without moving horizontally as it floats upon the surface. At one instant, the ball is at the position shown.
The wave has a frequency of 0.20 Hz and an amplitude of 0.70 m. The distance between a trough and an adjacent peak is 2.4 m. What is the distance travelled by the ball in a time of 20 s?
A 5.6 m
B 9.6 m
C 11.2 m
D 19.2 m
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 23
Topic -7.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves
A sound wave travels from left to right across a room. The variation with distance across the room of the displacement of the air molecules at one instant is shown. At which distance will the air pressure be lowest?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 24
Topic -7.3 Doppler effect for sound waves
A source emits a sound wave of a single frequency. The Doppler effect causes a different frequency of sound to be heard by a stationary observer. What is a requirement for the Doppler effect to occur?
A a source that is moving as it produces the sound wave
B a source that produces a polarised sound wave
C a source that produces a sound wave of changing amplitude
D a source that produces a sound wave of changing frequency
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 25
Topic – 7.4 Electromagnetic spectrum
An electromagnetic wave in free space has a frequency of \(2.5 \times 10^{14}Hz\). Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum includes this frequency?
A infrared
B microwave
C ultraviolet
D X-ray
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 26
Topic -7.5 Polarisation
Two polarising filters are placed next to each other so that their planes are parallel. The first polarising filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 50° to the vertical. The second polarising filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 20° to the vertical. The angle between the transmission axes of the two polarising filters is 30°. A beam of vertically polarised light of intensity 8.0 \(Wm^{–2}\) is incident normally on the first polarising filter. What is the intensity of the light that is transmitted from the second polarising filter?
A zero
B 2.5\(Wm^{–2}\)
C 2.9\(Wm^{–2}\)
D 6.0\(Wm^{–2}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 27
Topic -8.1 Stationary waves
A stationary wave on a stretched string is set up between two points P and T.
Which statement about the stationary wave is correct?
A Point R is at a node.
B Points Q and S vibrate in phase.
C The distance between P and T is three wavelengths.
D The wave transfers energy from P to T
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 28
Topic -8.2 Diffraction
A bar vibrates with frequency f to produce water waves in a ripple tank.
The waves pass through a gap of width x in a barrier so that diffraction occurs. Which combination of vibration frequency and gap width will produce the smallest angle of diffraction? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 29
Topic -7.3 Doppler effect for sound waves
An outdoor concert has two large speakers beside the stage for broadcasting music. In order to test the speakers, they are made to emit sound of the same wavelength and the same amplitude. The curved lines in the diagram represent wavefronts. Where is the loudest sound heard?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 30
Topic -7.1 Progressive waves
The equation
is used to calculate the wavelength λ of light in an experiment that uses a diffraction grating. The light from the diffraction grating is displayed on a screen. What do the symbols n and d represent? 
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 31
Topic -9.1 Electric current
The diagram shows a metal block.
The block has sides of length a, b and c as shown, and its volume is V. Each charge carrier has a charge –q and the number density of the charge carriers in the metal is n. It takes each charge carrier an average time of t to pass through the block. What is an expression for the current I?
A I = nqabc
B \(I = \frac{nqV}{ t}\)
C \(I = \frac{nqbc}{t}\)
D I = nqaV
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 32
Topic -9.3 Resistance and resistivity
The circuit diagrams show two lamps X and Y each connected to a cell. The current in lamp X is 0.50A and its resistance is 9.6 Ω. The current in lamp Y is 3.0A and its resistance is 1.2 Ω.
What is the ratio\(\frac{power in lamp X}{power in lamp Y}\) ?
A 0.22 B 0.75 C 1.3 D 4.5
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 33
Topic -9.2 Potential difference and power
The intensity of light incident on a light-dependent resistor (LDR) is increased. The temperature of a thermistor is increased. In each case, the current in the component is maintained at a constant value. What happens to the potential difference across each component?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 34
Topic -9.3 Resistance and resistivity
An iron wire has length 8.0 m and diameter 0.50 mm. The wire has resistance R. A second iron wire has length 2.0 m and diameter 1.0 mm. What is the resistance of the second wire?
A\(\frac{R}{16}\)
B\(\frac{R}{8}\)
C\(\frac{R}{2}\)
D R
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 35
Topic -10.1 Practical circuits
A cell with constant electromotive force (e.m.f.) is connected across a fixed resistor. Over time, the internal resistance of the cell increases. Which change occurs as the internal resistance of the cell increases?
A a decrease in the charge of each charge carrier
B a decrease in the potential difference measured across the cell
C an increase in the energy dissipated per unit time in the fixed resistor
D an increase in the number of charge carriers leaving the cell per unit time
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B
Questions 36
Topic -10.2 Kirchhoff’s laws
Kirchhoff’s first and second laws are consequences of the conservation of different quantities. What are those quantities?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans A
Questions 37
Topic -10.3 Potential dividers
A potentiometer circuit is used to determine the electromotive force (e.m.f.) \(E_X\) of a cell. The circuit includes a second cell of known e.m.f. \(E_0\) and negligible internal resistance, and a uniform resistance wire PQ of known length. \(E_X\) is less than \(E_0\). The movable connection J can be positioned anywhere along the length of the resistance wire. Which circuit is suitable for determining \(E_X\)?
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans D
Questions 38
Topic -11.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation
In an experiment on α-particle scattering, α-particles are directed at a thin gold foil. Most of the α-particles pass straight through the foil or are deflected by a small angle. A small number of α-particles are deflected by a large angle. Which statement cannot be deduced from this experiment?
A Atoms are mostly empty space.
B Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
C The nucleus of an atom contains protons.
D The nucleus of an atom is small compared to the size of an atom.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 39
Topic -11.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation
Four nuclei are represented below.
Which statement about these nuclei is correct?
A An uncharged atom of element Q has 24 orbital electrons.
B Nuclei G and M are isotopes of the same element.
C When E absorbs a neutron and then emits an α-particle, E transforms into M.
D When M emits a β– particle, M transforms into Q.
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans C
Questions 40
Topic -11.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation
A neutron is composed of one up (u) quark and two down (d) quarks. When a neutron decays to a proton, a beta-particle is emitted. What is the change in the quark structure of the neutron due to the emission of the beta-particle? (The symbol for a neutrino is \(\nu _e\) and for an antineutrino is \(\bar{\nu _e}\) .)
A \(d \to u + \beta ^- + \nu _e\)
B \(d \to u + \beta ^- + \bar{\nu _e}\)
C\(u \to d + \beta ^+ + \nu _e\)
D \(u \to d + \beta ^+ + \bar{\nu _e}\)
▶️Answer/Explanation
Ans B