Fig. 1.1 is a diagram showing part of a cell surface membrane of an animal cell.

(a) (i) State the approximate thickness of the membrane as shown by the line G–H.
(ii) Complete Table 1.1 to show:
• the names and functions of the components of the cell surface membrane
• the letters of the labels in Fig. 1.1 that identify each component.

(b) Fig. 1.2 is a drawing of a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a cell from the palisade mesophyll of a leaf.
The drawing does not show all of the organelles visible in a transmission electron micrograph.

(i) Complete Fig. 1.2 by drawing and labelling:
• a mitochondrion
• rough endoplasmic reticulum
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Your drawings should show the detail that can be seen in a transmission electron micrograph.
(ii) Identify the organelle labelled X and state one function of this organelle.
▶️ Answer/Explanation
(a)(i) 7 nm (within the range 5 to 10 nm).
Explanation: The thickness of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is approximately 7 nm, as measured between points G and H in the diagram.
(a)(ii)

Explanation: The table identifies key membrane components: phospholipid bilayer (A, structural barrier), protein (B, transport/signaling), glycoprotein (C, cell recognition), and cholesterol (D, membrane stability).
(b)(i)
Explanation: The drawing should include: (1) a mitochondrion (double membrane with cristae), (2) rough ER (flattened sacs with ribosomes), and (3) smooth ER (tubular, no ribosomes). Labels must match the structures.
(b)(ii) Golgi body; modifies/packages proteins or lipids.
Explanation: Organelle X is the Golgi apparatus, which processes proteins (e.g., glycosylation) and packages them into vesicles for transport.