Home / A level Biology 1.2 Cells as the basic units of living organisms – Exam style question – Paper 2

A level Biology 1.2 Cells as the basic units of living organisms – Exam style question – Paper 2

Question

Fig. 1.1 is a diagram showing part of a cell surface membrane of an animal cell.

Cell Surface Membrane Diagram

(a) (i) State the approximate thickness of the membrane as shown by the line G–H.

(ii) Complete Table 1.1 to show:

• the names and functions of the components of the cell surface membrane
• the letters of the labels in Fig. 1.1 that identify each component.

Table 1.1

(b) Fig. 1.2 is a drawing of a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a cell from the palisade mesophyll of a leaf.
The drawing does not show all of the organelles visible in a transmission electron micrograph.

TEM of Palisade Mesophyll Cell

(i) Complete Fig. 1.2 by drawing and labelling:

• a mitochondrion
• rough endoplasmic reticulum
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Your drawings should show the detail that can be seen in a transmission electron micrograph.

(ii) Identify the organelle labelled X and state one function of this organelle.

▶️ Answer/Explanation
Solution

(a)(i) 7 nm (within the range 5 to 10 nm).

Explanation: The thickness of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is approximately 7 nm, as measured between points G and H in the diagram.

(a)(ii)

Answer to Table 1.1

Explanation: The table identifies key membrane components: phospholipid bilayer (A, structural barrier), protein (B, transport/signaling), glycoprotein (C, cell recognition), and cholesterol (D, membrane stability).

(b)(i)

Explanation: The drawing should include: (1) a mitochondrion (double membrane with cristae), (2) rough ER (flattened sacs with ribosomes), and (3) smooth ER (tubular, no ribosomes). Labels must match the structures.

(b)(ii) Golgi body; modifies/packages proteins or lipids.

Explanation: Organelle X is the Golgi apparatus, which processes proteins (e.g., glycosylation) and packages them into vesicles for transport.

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