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AP Biology : 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization – Exam Style questions with Answer- MCQ

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Question

Figure 1

A student is using dialysis bags to model the effects of changing solute concentrations on cells. The student places one dialysis bag that contains 25 mL of distilled water into each of two beakers that are filled with 200 mL of distilled water. (Figure 1). The membrane of each dialysis bag membrane contains pores that allow small solutes such as monoatomic ions to pass through but are too small for anything larger to pass. After 30 minutes, 5 mL of a concentrated solution of albumin (a medium-sized, water-soluble protein) is added to one of the two beakers. Nothing is added to the other beaker. After two more hours at room temperature, the mass of each bag is determined. There is no change in the mass of the dialysis bag in the beaker to which no albumin was added.

Which of the graphs below best represents the predicted change in mass over time of the dialysis bag in the beaker to which albumin was added?

A.

 

The figure presents a graph in the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is labeled Time, in minutes, and the numbers 0 through 150, in increments of 30, are indicated. The vertical axis is labeled Relative Mass of Dialysis Bag. The axis has an arrowhead at the top end, and no numbers are indicated along it. The graphed line begins at 0 minutes, about halfway up the vertical axis, and extends horizontally to the right until it ends at 150 minutes. A label indicates Albumin Added at 30 minutes.

B.

 

The figure presents a graph in the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is labeled Time, in minutes, and the numbers 0 through 150, in increments of 30, are indicated. The vertical axis is labeled Relative Mass of Dialysis Bag. The axis has an arrowhead at the top end, and no numbers are indicated along it. The graphed line begins at 0 minutes, about halfway up the vertical axis, and extends horizontally to the right until 30 minutes. A label indicates Albumin Added at 30 minutes. The graphed line starts to move downward and to the right at 30 minutes until it ends at 150 minutes, just above the horizontal axis.

C.

 

The figure presents a graph in the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is labeled Time, in minutes, and the numbers 0 through 150, in increments of 30, are indicated. The vertical axis is labeled Relative Mass of Dialysis Bag. The axis has an arrowhead at the top end, and no numbers are indicated along it. The graphed line begins at 0 minutes, about one third of the way up the vertical axis, and moves upward and to the right until it is about halfway up the vertical axis at 30 minutes. A label indicates Albumin Added at 30 minutes. The graphed line then moves downward and to the right until it ends at 150 minutes, about one third of the way up the vertical axis.

D.

 

The figure presents a graph in the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is labeled Time, in minutes, and the numbers 0 through 150, in increments of 30, are indicated. The vertical axis is labeled Relative Mass of Dialysis Bag. The axis has an arrowhead at the top end, and no numbers are indicated along it. The graphed line begins at 0 minutes, about halfway up the vertical axis, and extends horizontally to the right until 30 minutes. A label indicates Albumin Added at 30 minutes. The graphed line then moves upward and to the right until it ends at 150 minutes, near the top of the vertical axis.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B
The graph indicates no change in the mass of the dialysis bag for the first 30 minutes in an isotonic environment and then shows a decrease in mass when the environment became hypertonic with the addition of albumin.

Question

Some viral infections can lead to the rupture of the lysosome membrane. Which prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely correct?

A. Enzymes will be released that will specifically target the virus.

B. Cellular osmotic concentrations will change, preventing viral entry into the cell.

C. Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell death.

D. Intracellular digestion of organic materials will increase, which will increase the energy available to the cell for fighting the virus.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C
Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, resulting in cell death and preventing further viral reproduction.

Question

Gaucher disease is an inherited disorder in which cells of the body are unable to break down a particular type of lipid, resulting in a buildup of the lipid in some tissues and organs.Based on the information provided,aucher disease results most directly from a defect in the function of which of the following organelles?

A. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B. The nucleus

C. The lysosome

D. The mitochondrion

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: C
The lysosome contains specific enzymes used to break down a variety of molecules and cellular waste products. A defect in the function of the lysosomal enzymes that are needed to break down lipids is the most direct cause of Gaucher disease.

Question

Membrane-bound organelles are present in practically all eukaryotic cells. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the advantage of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells?
(A) Membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplast are capable of semiautonomous replication.
(B) Internal membranes form partitions that can isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency and the range of metabolic activities the cell can perform.
(C) Internal membranes allow prokaryotic cells to reside within eukaryotic cells to form cooperative cells.
(D) Compartmentalization allows cells to reproduce faster and with greater efficiency.

▶️Answer/Explanation

Ans: B

Internal compartmentalization allows the cell to perform many different processes concurrently yet separately. Each compartment can have its own environment. For example, the low pH lysosome performs
digestion, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizes lipids and transcription is occurs in the nucleus.Choice A is incorrect because most organelles are NOT capable of semi-autonomous replication. The mitochondria and chloroplasts are exceptions (see answer 28 for an explanation of the endosymbiotic hypothesis).Choice C misstates the endosymbiotic hypothesis. Although the mitochondria and chloroplast can be thought of as prokaryotes living in cooperation with the eukaryotic cell, all the other membrane-bound compartments of the cell are not prokaryotes.Although compartmentalization confers many advantages to cells, it
does not allow them to reproduce faster. Prokaryotic cells reproduce many times faster than eukaryotes (some species can divide every 20 minutes under ideal conditions)! Of course, there are many factors that contribute to their shorter reproduction time. A significant factor is their DNA replication rate. Prokaryotic DNA polymerase works about 10 times faster than the eukaryotic DNA polymerase AND bacteria have about 1/1,000th the amount of DNA.

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