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AP Calculus BC 10.2 Working with Geometric Series - FRQs - Exam Style Questions

No-Calc Question

The function \(f\) is defined by the power series \[ f(x)=x-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+\frac{x^{5}}{5}-\frac{x^{7}}{7}+\cdots+\frac{(-1)^n x^{2n+1}}{2n+1}+\cdots \] for all real numbers \(x\) for which the series converges.

(a) Using the ratio test, find the interval of convergence of the power series for \(f\). Justify your answer.
(b) Show that \(\displaystyle\left|\,f\!\left(\tfrac12\right)-\tfrac12\,\right|<\tfrac{1}{10}\). Justify your answer.
(c) Write the first four nonzero terms and the general term for an infinite series that represents \(f'(x)\).
(d) Use the result from part (c) to find the value of \(\displaystyle f’\!\left(\tfrac{1}{6}\right)\).

Most-appropriate topic codes (CED):

TOPIC 10.13: Radius and Interval of Convergence of Power Series — part (a)
TOPIC 10.10: Alternating Series Error Bound — part (b)
TOPIC 10.15: Representing Functions as Power Series (differentiate power series) — part (c)
TOPIC 10.2: Working with Geometric Series (sum of a geometric series) — part (d)

▶️ Answer/Explanation
Detailed solution

(a) Interval of convergence (ratio test)
General term: \(a_n=\dfrac{(-1)^n x^{2n+1}}{2n+1}\).
\(\displaystyle \left|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right| = \left|x^2\right|\cdot \frac{2n+1}{2n+3}\xrightarrow[n\to\infty]{} |x|^2.\)
Require \( |x|^2<1 \Rightarrow |x|<1\). Test endpoints:
\(x=1:\ 1-\frac13+\frac15-\cdots\) converges (alternating).
\(x=-1:\ -1+\frac13-\frac15+\cdots\) converges (alternating).
\(\boxed{\text{Interval of convergence }[-1,\,1]}\).
(b) Error bound at \(x=\tfrac12\)
The series is alternating with decreasing term magnitudes; first term \(=\tfrac12\).
Alternating series error \(\le\) magnitude of next term:
\(\displaystyle \left|f\!\left(\tfrac12\right)-\tfrac12\right| \le \left|\frac{\left(\tfrac12\right)^3}{3}\right| = \frac{1}{24} < \frac{1}{10}.\)
(c) Series for \(f'(x)\)
Differentiate term-by-term: \[ f'(x)=1-x^{2}+x^{4}-x^{6}+\cdots+(-1)^n x^{2n}+\cdots \] First four nonzero terms: \(1 – x^{2} + x^{4} – x^{6}\).
General term: \(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n x^{2n}\).
(d) Evaluate \(f’\!\left(\tfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
From (c), \(f'(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n x^{2n}\) is geometric with ratio \(r=-x^{2}\).
At \(x=\tfrac16\): \(a=1,\ r=-\tfrac{1}{36}\).
Sum \(=\dfrac{a}{1-r}=\dfrac{1}{1-(-1/36)}=\dfrac{1}{1+1/36}=\dfrac{36}{37}.\)
\(\boxed{f’\!\left(\tfrac{1}{6}\right)=\dfrac{36}{37}}\).

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